scholarly journals Comparison between Mineralogical Properties of Oak Forest and Un-Cultivated Soils in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Azad Abdullah ◽  
Akram Esmail ◽  
Othman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Soils

This study was conducted to identify the mineralogical properties of oak forest and un-cultivated soils at 12 locations in the Iraqi Kurdistan region, which included (Brifca, Gara, and Matin) in Duhok governorate, (Awagrd, Bilah, and Malakan) in Erbil governorate, (Badawan, Bardanga, and Chwarta) in Sulaimani Governorate and (Bakhakon, Hawar, and Sartak) in Halabja governorate. Clay minerals were identified from X-ray diffraction data and peaks. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of the relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14A to 17A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5 so thats why we cannot be differentiated between Chlorite and Smectite in that treatment. Swelling chlorite was the dominant mineral in these soils. While the miner clay mineral at that locations were Kaolinite. Mica was identified at all locations, while the dominant type of Mica at forest soils was Muscovite which was obtained from 6 sites, while Mica Biotite was obtained from 4 sites, but in un-cultivated sites, both types of mica recorded at 5 sites.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OAK FOREST AND BARE CULTIVATED SOILS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Soils

This study was conducted during 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018, which aimed to determine chemical and mineralogical properties of oak forest and bare cultivated soils at 6 locations  in Iraqi Kurdistan region, the samples were collected from two depths (0 – 30) and (30 – 60) cm. The study included some chemical and physical properties and identification of clay minerals from X-ray diffraction data. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5θ so that’s why we cannot differentiated between Chlorite and Semectite in that treatment. The main results indicated that the organic matter, clay content and CEC values in forest soils were higher than their values in bare cultivated soils, swelling chlorite being the dominant mineral in these soils. While the miner clay mineral at that locations were Kaolinite. Mica was identified at all location, while the dominant type of Mica at forest soils was Muscovite which was obtained from 4 Locations, while Mica Biotite was dominant in bare cultivated soils which was obtained from 4 sites.

scholarly journals MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OAK FOREST SOILS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Mineral Type

This experiment was conducted from 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018 to study the mineralogical properties of oak forest at 12 locations (Gara, Matin and Brifca) from Dohuk governorate, (Bilah, Malakan and Awagrd) from Hawler Governorate, (Bardanga, Badawan and Chwarta) from Sulaimani Governorate, and (Bakhakon, Hawar and Sartak) from Halabja governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan region. The samples collected from a depth of (0 – 60) cm for laboratory analysis. The study includes qualitative identification of clay minerals by X- ray diffraction data. Peak height was used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because the measuring was started from 5θ (degree 5 theta) so the differentiation between Chlorite and Semectite was not done in this treatment. The main results indicated that the swelling chlorite being the dominant mineral in these soils. While the miner clay mineral in that locations were Kaolinite. Mica was identified in all location except of Bilah site, the dominant type of Mica was Muscovite which was obtained from 6 Locations, while Biotite obtained from 5 sites. It appears that Muscovite was recorded from 50% of Forest sites while Biotite recorded at 41.7% of Forest sites and Both Mica mineral type was not recorded from 8.3% of studied Forest soils.

scholarly journals Reconnaissance Stream Sediments Survey in the Sidakan Vicinity, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Hawkar Abdulhaq ◽  
Baroz Aziz ◽  
Varoujan Sissakian ◽  
Hassan Omer ◽  
Anyrag Malik
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Junction Point ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Covered Area

A stream survey was conducted in the Sidakan vicinity in the northeastern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, which covered the catchment area of the main stream. The covered area is about 450 km2. The exposed rocks in the study area are mainly igneous with subordinate sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The catchment area was divided into 14 sub-basins using Global Mapper software. The junction point of the valleys at the end of each sub-basin was sampled. From each junction point, 2 stream sediments were collected. The samples were sieved using the wet method into 2 mm fractions, before the fractions were subjected to x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results obtained from both tests were used to calculate the concentrations of 9 elements (Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, U, Ag, V, Zn, and Cd). The element concentrations are presented in 9 concentration maps after normalizing the concentration values. Some anomalous results were found. The average concentrations of Ag and Cd were nearly 120 and 266 times higher than the background concentrations (6 mg/kg and 16 mg/ kg, respectively). The acquired data also showed interesting average concentrations for the elements Co, Cr, Ni, and U (280 mg/kg, 999 mg/kg, 375 mg/kg, and 12 mg/kg, respectively). All of these anomalous concentrations are discussed and possible reasons for their existence are given.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide- and ethylene glycol-assisted preparation of mono-dispersed indium oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal method

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakumar Dhanasingh ◽  
Dharmaraj Nallasamy ◽  
Saravanan Padmanapan ◽  
Vinod Padaki
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThe influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethylene glycol on the size and dispersion of indium oxide nanoparticles prepared under hydrothermal conditions was investigated. The precursor compound, indium hydroxide, obtained by the hydrothermal method in the absence as well as the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, was converted to indium oxide by sintering at 400°C. The formation of nanoscale indium oxide upon sintering was ascertained by the characteristic infrared adsorption bands and X-ray diffraction patterns of indium oxide. Transmission electron microscopy and band gap values confirmed that the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide facilitated the formation of indium oxide nanoparticles smaller in size and narrower in distribution than those prepared without the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Luminescence Studies on Low Temperature Synthesized ZnGa2O4:Ln3+ (Ln = Tb and Eu) Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5776-5780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Manikyala Rao ◽  
V. Sudarsan ◽  
R. S. Ningthoujam ◽  
U. K. Gautam ◽  
R. K. Vatsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Lanthanide Ions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Broad Emission

ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles doped with lanthanide ions (Tb3+ and Eu3+) were prepared at a low temperature of 120 °C based on urea hydrolysis in ethylene glycol medium. X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed that strain associated with nanoparticles changes as Tb3+ gets incorporated in the ZnGa2O4 lattice. Based on steady state emission and excitation studies of ZnGa2O4:Tb nanoparticles, it has been inferred that ZnGa2O4 host is characterized by a broad emission around 427 nm and there exists energy transfer between the host and Tb3+ ions. Unlike this, for ZnGa2O4:Eu nanoparticles, very poor energy transfer between the host and Eu3+ ions is observed. These nanoparticles when coated with ligands like oleic acid results in their improved dispersion in organic solvents like chloroform and dichloromethane.

scholarly journals Optimasi Ukuran dan Jumlah Pori yang Terbentuk Pada Molacularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Nano Karbaril (C12H11NO2)

POSITRON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Suci Aprilia ◽  
Erry Koryanti ◽  
Idha Royani
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Imprinted Polymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan pembuatan molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) nano karbaril dengan metode cooling-heating. Pembuatan MIP nano karbaril bertujuan untuk mendapatkan material sensor yang potensial dalam aplikasinya. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan aktif karbaril di-milling dengan variasi waktu 10 menit dan 15 menit. Pada proses polimerisasi melibatkan templat nano karbaril, methacrylic acid (MAA) sebagai monomer fungsional, ethylene glycol dimathacrylate (EDMA) sebagai crosslinker, benzoil peroksida (BPO) sebagai inisiator, dan acetonitril sebagai pelarut yang disintesis menggunakan metode cooling-heating. Dengan cara yang sama, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) juga dibuat sebagai polimer kontrol.  NIP merupakan polimer yang dibuat dengan komposisi dan cara yang sama dengan MIP, namun tidak ditambahkan nano karbaril sebagai zat aktif. Pembuangan templat pada proses ekstraksi sangat berperan penting untuk menghasilkan material sensor yang baik. MIP, polimer, dan NIP yang dihasilkan di karakterisasi menggunakan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dan sampel terbaik dideteksi lebih lanjut dengan uji x-ray diffraction (X-RD), dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi spesifik nano karbaril pada NIP tidak tampak bila dibandingkan dengan spektra MIP, dan terjadi penurunan persen transmitansi pada polimer dan peningkatan % transmitansi pada MIP. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa terjadi penurunan konsentrasi nano karbaril pada MIP setelah proses ektraksi. Hasil X-RD menunjukkan ukuran kristal yaitu 9,16 Å. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pori tercetak dengan ukuran ≤100 nm yaitu 383 pori.  Data ini mengindikasikan bahwa MIP nano karbaril potensial untuk diaplikasikan sebagai material sensor.

Suppression of X-Ray Fluorescence Background in X-Ray Powder Diffraction by a Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
J. Nissenbaum ◽  
A. Levi ◽  
A. Burger ◽  
M. Schieber ◽  
Z. Burshtein
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractWe have explored the merits of using a Hgl2 spectrometer as a detector in x-ray diffraction systems instead of a proportional gas counter, or a scintillation counter. The full width at half maximum energy resolution of the HgI2 spectrometer used was about 1.1 keV for the CuKα line (8.1 keV), and about 1.5 keV for the MoKα line (17.4 keV), The energy resolution was utilised to eliminate x-ray fluorescence background from powder diffraction spectra. We demonstrate the suppression of Fe x-ray fluorescence in diffraction patterns of ErFe03 obtained with a Cu x-ray tube, and of Y x-ray fluorescence in diffraction patterns of Y2O3 obtained with a Mo x-ray tube. The peak height to background ratios were improved by about an order of magnitude in both cases.

scholarly journals Mineralogy of the clay fraction of Alfisols in two slope curvatures: III - spatial variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Arantes Camargo ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Half Height ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Crystallite Dimension ◽  
Xrd Patterns

A good knowledge of the spatial distribution of clay minerals in the landscape facilitates the understanding of the influence of relief on the content and crystallographic attributes of soil minerals such as goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite. This study aimed at describing the relationships between the mineral properties of the clay fraction and landscape shapes by determining the mineral properties of goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite, and assessing their dependence and spatial variability, in two slope curvatures. To this end, two 100 × 100 m grids were used to establish a total of 121 regularly spaced georeferenced sampling nodes 10 m apart. Samples were collected from the layer 0.0-0.2 m and analysed for iron oxides, and kaolinite and gibbsite in the clay fraction. Minerals in the clay fraction were characterized from their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, which were interpreted and used to calculate the width at half height (WHH) and mean crystallite dimension (MCD) of iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite, as well as aluminium substitution and specific surface area (SSA) in hematite and goethite. Additional calculations included the goethite and hematite contents, and the goethite/(goethite+hematite) [Gt/(Gt+Hm)] and kaolinite/(kaolinite+gibbsite) [Kt/(Kt+Gb)] ratios. Mineral properties were established by statistical analysis of the XRD data, and spatial dependence was assessed geostatistically. Mineralogical properties differed significantly between the convex area and concave area. The geostatistical analysis showed a greater number of mineralogical properties with spatial dependence and a higher range in the convex than in the concave area.

The Effect of Water Content on the Formation of TiO2 Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Arifah Saharudin ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, anodization of Ti foil was carried out in ethylene glycol (EG) containing 5 wt% NH4F solution and 0 to 1.5 wt% of water at 50 V for 60 min. The pH of the bath was kept constant at ~pH7. The crystal structure was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the morphology was observed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). TiO2 nanotube with aspect ratio of 100 was obtained in EG containing less than 1wt % water. The nanotubes wall was very smooth. Increasing the water content > 1wt % results in short nanotubes of approximately 6.2μm with aspect ratio of 62. As anodized, nanotubes were amorphous and annealed at 400 °C promote 100 % anatase phase. Photocatalytic activity of the nanotubes produced at different water content was also evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange and the detail of the observation was discussed thoroughly in this paper.

Preparation of Cerium Dioxide Film by Anodization in Na2C2O4-NH3∙H2O-H2O-(CH2OH)2 Electrolyte

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhen Liu ◽  
Wei Ren Rong ◽  
Xiao Zhou Liu ◽  
Xiao Hui Ren ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Scanning Electron Microcopy ◽  
Dioxide Film

The cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization in Na2C2O4-NH3∙H2O-H2O-(CH2OH)2 electrolyte. The anodic cerium oxide film was heat treated at 550°C. The cerium dioxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analyses of X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques and scanning electron microcopy (SEM), respectively. The anodic cerium oxide film is semi crystalline film. The heat treated anodic cerium oxide film at 550°C is the fluorite-structured cerium dioxide film, and the crystal structure of the cerium dioxide film becomes more complete than that of the anodic cerium oxide film. The cerium dioxide film is porous film. The water, ethylene glycol and CO2 are adsorbed in the anodic cerium oxide film. The adsorbing water, ethylene glycol and CO2 in the anodic cerium oxide film are removed at 550°C. The cerium dioxide film has strong absorption in the range of 1400~4000cm-1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document