scholarly journals Diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in the military with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use associated with depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Oleg FITKALO
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Mediator Systems ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Cognitive impairment, which in most cases are not considered by the doctor, and thus remain outside the scope of medical care, are characteristic for almost all patients with mental illness. Ignoring the manifestations of cognitive impairment is primarily due to the fact that the range of cognitive abilities has individual characteristics for each person and therefore their definition does not have clear criteria for evaluation. The article presents the traditional methods of psychodiagnostics studies for identifying cognitive disorders, depressive states, individual typological features in the military with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol consumption to improve the quality of diagnosis and further medical support for patients in this category. Typical symptoms in this group of patients were: sleep disturbances; low mood; unexpected attacks of anger, indignation, unreasonable fear; anxiety; irritability, autonomic disorders, depression. According to the informed consent, we used several standardized neuropsychological tests, which had high characteristics of validation and reliability, to study the individual psychological differences of patients, according to the literature [1,2]. Emotional disturbances were assessed before and after treatment using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale [10], which determined short-term and long-term memory in patients; auditory functions were studied according to the method of A.Luria; to conduct a clock drawing test, the subject was asked to draw a clock, the results of which indicated that the patient had clinically significant cognitive impairment; G. Eisenko's questionnaire was used to identify the main individual personality traits; Spielberger-Hanin questionnaire was used to assess the manifestations of reactive and personal anxiety [7]; the level of depression was determined by the Tsung scale. To objectively assess the pain response, dynamic recording of pupil diameter (pupillometry) was used to determine the human autonomic response [13] and a visual analog scale (VAS). According to the results of the study, it was found that in patients of both groups - 86 people (main and control) revealed up to 50% borderline cognitive impairment, which can be considered a reliable prognostic informative sign of the mental state of patients. Low anxiety on the Spielberger-Hanin scale has been reported in patients with depressive symptoms. All other screening diagnostic scales revealed borderline cognitive impairment in all patients. Thus, it has been proven that borderline cognitive impairment in patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use interacts with depression, which significantly affects cognitive abilities. To eliminate cognitive impairment (CI), patients of both groups were offered a comprehensive traditional treatment with the additional use of the metabolic drug cytoflavin. Literature sources [8] confirm the expediency of using a complex metabolic neuroprotective drug, the action of which is directed at the synthesis of energy complexes through various receptor, enzymatic and mediator systems. According to the authors [8], cytoflavin can be attributed to metabolic drugs, which acts as an inducer of major metabolic pathways in cells, promotes the utilization of free oxygen and prevents ischemic changes in organs and tissues by reducing the level of peroxide processes. Complex therapy of treatment of borderline cognitive states with a course of cytoflavin is pathogenetically justified, which provided in our study an improvement in the psychological state of soldiers of both groups. Purpose: to study the dynamics of the validity and effectiveness of methods for assessing the cognitive status of patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use associated with depression and carrying out a correction of cognitive dysfunction by additional administration of cytoflavin. Conclusion: Based on a battery of diagnostic tests, accurate and adequately comparable indicators were obtained, which allowed to establish an objective picture of cognitive impairment, their correlation with depression, which significantly affected the outcome of treatment. Correction of cognitive dysfunction was performed by additional administration of cytoflavin 2 tablets 2 times a day PO for half an hour before meals.

scholarly journals Treatment of canine cognitive dysfunction with novel butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zakošek Pipan ◽  
Sonja Prpar Mihevc ◽  
Malan Štrbenc ◽  
Urban Košak ◽  
Ilija German Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor

AbstractCanine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is common in aged dogs and has many similarities with Alzheimer’s disease. Unfortunately, like Alzheimer’s disease, CCD cannot be cured. In the present study, we treated dogs with CCD with our newly developed and characterized butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (BChEi). Seventeen dogs were randomized into two groups (treated with BChEi and untreated) and followed for 6 months at regular check-ups. The dogs’ cognitive status was determined by a Canine Dementia Scale (CADES) questionnaire and two cognitive tests. In dogs with moderate cognitive impairment, treatment caused significant improvement in the clinical rating of cognitive abilities and the performance-based tests of cognitive functioning when compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). Dogs treated with BChEi showed markedly improved cognitive function with enhanced quality of life. No side effects were observed in the treated dogs with moderate cognitive impairment. According to the results of this preliminary study, there is an indication that novel BChEi may be a promising drug for the treatment of CCD in dogs and may be an interesting candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in humans. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm this.

scholarly journals Mini-mental state exam for children (MMC) in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Moura ◽  
Peterson Marco Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Patrícia Lemos Bueno Fontes ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Larissa de Souza Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) and there is a lack of multiprofessional screening instruments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Children (MMC), an adapted version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, in screening for cognitive impairments in children with CP. METHODS: We assessed 397 Brazilian children, 310 with typical development and 87 with CP (hemiplegic and quadriplegic forms), aged 5-16 years. Association between the MMC and general intelligence was assessed by the Colored Progressive Matrices instrument. RESULTS: Psychometric indexes for the MMC were adequate. ROC analyses revealed effective diagnostic accuracy in all ages assessed. Cut-off values are reported. Major difficulties on the MMC were observed in children with CP, particularly individuals with the quadriplegic form. Moreover, the MMC showed moderate correlation with the intelligence test, and was reliable in discriminating, among clinical cases, those with poorer cognitive abilities. CONCLUSION: The MMC could be useful as a multiprofessional screening instrument for cognitive impairment in children with hemiplegic CP. Results of the MMC in quadriplegic CP children should be interpreted with caution. Diagnosis should be confirmed by further psychological testing.

scholarly journals The Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Test - Development of an Online Training Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 992-992
Author(s):  
Tara Rose ◽  
Evelyn Teng ◽  
Chia Ying Chen ◽  
Elyse Manzo ◽  
Katherine Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Abstract The Modified Mini Mental State (3MS), a screening test for cognitive abilities, can be administered in approximately 10 minutes and has a score range of 0-100. Early detection of cognitive impairment is important for clinical care. An individual’s score change over time can also help assess disease progression and treatment effects. The Web of Science, an online database, reports 1,864 publications using the 3MS, including 412 in the last 5 years. Articles came from 52 countries in 7 continents, with languages in English (98.7%), French (0.5%), Spanish (0.5%), German (0.2%), Czech (0.1%), and Korean (0.1%). The fields that publish with 3MS data included Geriatrics/Gerontology, Neurosciences/Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychology, and General/Internal Medicine. One reason for the popularity of the 3MS is its detailed manual for test administering and scoring; however, to date the manual is available only in print form. Here we present an online training program. It includes detailed directions on administering and scoring, video of a 3MS administration, and post-training tests on a trainee’s competency. This training material also covers clinical benefits of cognitive screening and a comparison of the 3MS with other measures. The 3MS helps clinicians with early detection of cognitive impairment, allowing time to address its underlying and potentially reversible causes, and aids in disease management. This online training program will help ensure accuracy and reduce between-tester variability of the obtained scores in both clinical care and research studies.

scholarly journals Treatment of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction With Novel Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zakošek Pipan ◽  
Sonja Prpar Mihevc ◽  
Malan Štrbenc ◽  
Urban Košak ◽  
Ilija German Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor

Abstract Background: Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is common in aged dogs and has many similarities with Alzheimer’s disease. Unfortunately, like Alzheimer’s disease, CCD cannot be cured. Methods: In the present study, we treated dogs with CCD with our newly developed and characterized butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (BChEi). Seventeen dogs were randomized into two groups (treated with BChEi and untreated) and followed for 6 months at regular check-ups. The dogs’ cognitive status was determined by a CADES questionnaire and two cognitive tests. Results: In dogs with moderate cognitive impairment, treatment caused significant improvement in the clinical rating of cognitive abilities and the performance-based tests of cognitive functioning when compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). Dogs treated with BChEi showed markedly improved cognitive function with enhanced quality of life. No side effects were observed in the treated dogs with moderate cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Novel BChE inhibitor is a promising candidate for treating CCD, and might be an interesting canidate drug for the treatment of Alzheimer disease in humans.

scholarly journals Early diagnosis and psychocorrection of mental and behavioral disorders in patients who use alcohol with harmful effects in family medicine network

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
V. I. Salden
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
General Group ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Background. Currently, issues of early diagnosis and psychological correction of mental and behavioral disorders in primary care to patients who consume alcohol with harmful consequences remain relevant. Presently, Ukraine has not defined a system of psychosocial arrangements that will allow society to adapt part of the cohort of somatic patients who consume alcohol with harmful consequences, the volume and effectiveness of their complex psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation have been insufficiently analyzed. Prophylactic work in our country to prevent the use of alcohol by patients with somatic disorders is undoubtedly being carried out, but its scale and organizational features do not provide the proper effect. Therefore, it is extremely important to diagnose disorders in time, as a result of alcohol use with harmful consequences in patients who have somatic complaints in family medicine network. Objective – to develop a differentiated approach to the early diagnosis and psycho-correction of mental and behavioral disorders due to harmful use of alcohol in patients who have somatic complaints in family medicine network, taking into account the characteristics of socio-demographic indicators and characteristic differences in the course of the disease. Materials and methods. A comprehensive survey of 240 thematic patients who had fi led somatic complaints to general outpatient care facilities aged from 18 to 60 years was conducted. Research methods – clinical and anamnestic, socio-demographic, psychological, clinical and psychopathological. Results. We studied the distribution of patients by somatic pathology, gender, age, marital status, educational backgrounds. The social and personal factors provoking the use of alcohol are revealed. The question of the initiating agent of alcohol use has been investigated, the mental state of the respondents has been analyzed. Mental and behavioral disorders of varying severity have been revealed in a significant part of the subjects, which requires their timely recognition and adequate psychocorrection, psychoprophylaxis and therapy. The results of indicators of clinical and psychopathological methods have been analyzed after providing patients with a general group of psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic measures. Conclusions. It was revealed that mental and behavioral disorders, resulting from alcohol, significantly worsen the course of the patient’s somatic illness and require additional psychocorrection by the family doctor. Risk factors in the use of alcohol are neuro-psychological instability, accentuation of nature, the peculiarity of behavioral responses to a stressful situation (the use of sedatives, denial, behavioral withdrawal from the problem and others). Significant psycho-emotional stress of a general and personal nature encourages patients to use alcohol in order to compensate for their negative state. It was revealed that after psychocorrectional measures that were provided to patients of the general group, their results had higher indicators in all parameters than in the comparative group. A differentiated approach to the early diagnosis and psycho-correction of mental and behavioral disorders due to harmful use of alcohol in patients who have somatic complaints in family medicine network have developed, taking into account the characteristics of socio-demographic indicators and characteristic differences in the course of the disease.

The value of the Mini Mental State examination in Nigerian epileptics

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Imam ◽  
A Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Item Recall ◽  
State Examination

This study assessed the role of the Mini Mental State examination (MMSE) in detecting cognitive impairment in Nigerian epileptics. The performance of 65 epileptics on the MMSE was compared with that in 65 age- and education-matched controls. There were significantly more epileptics than controls with cognitive dysfunction and the epileptics also had significantly worse scores on the MMSE. The tests of attention, three-item recall and reading were the aspects of the MMSE that were most impaired in the epileptics.

Commentary

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

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