Flame Propagation In The Channel And Flammability Limits

In this study, the inert effects of CO2 on the flammability limit and flame propagation of LPG has been investigated experimentally. The observation was done using cubic combustion bomb with the dimension of 500 mm x 200 mm x 10 mm. The results showed that the lower flammability limit (LFL) of LPG-Air mixtures is found to be 2.7% (by volume) and upper flammability limit (UFL) is 8.6% (by volume) with upward propagation of flame. The CO2 dilution effects on the flammability limits have been explored, the limits of flammability was narrowed by adding CO2 and propagation flame was reduced accordingly. The results indicated that to formulate an inflammable refrigerant mixture, using CO2, with substantial hydrocarbon content is not possible.

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Influence of Pressure on the Flammability limits of Hydrogen. Effects of Vessel Size and Direction of Flame Propagation.

NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI ◽

10.1246/nikkashi.1992.1492 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 1492-1500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hidekazu NAGAI ◽

Youkichi URANO ◽

Kazuaki TOKUHASHI ◽

Sadashige HORIGUCHI ◽

Shigeo KONDO

Keyword(s):

Flame Propagation ◽

Flammability Limits ◽

Vessel Size

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Experimental study of flame propagation in propane-air mixture near rich flammability limits in microgravity

Combustion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/001022002900210362 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 174 (9) ◽

pp. 21-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jozef Jarosinski ◽

Jerzy Podfilipski ◽

Andrzej Gorczakowski ◽

Bernard Veyssiere

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Flame Propagation ◽

Flammability Limits

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Flame Propagation in Closed Vessels and Flammability Limits

Combustion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/00102207708946784 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 15 (5-6) ◽

pp. 201-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. CRESCITELLI ◽

G. RUSSO ◽

V. TUFANO

Keyword(s):

Flame Propagation ◽

Flammability Limits

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Predicting flammability limits through thermal theory and density theory of flame propagation

Fire and Materials ◽

10.1002/fam.3019 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ali M. Nassimi

Keyword(s):

Flame Propagation ◽

Flammability Limits ◽

Thermal Theory

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Flame Propagation and Lean-Limit Extinction Within Stratified Mixtures Involving a Diluent Gas

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2905944 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 216-220

Author(s):

G. A. Karim ◽

V. Panlilio

Keyword(s):

Flame Propagation ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Circular Tube ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Flammability Limits ◽

Gaseous Mixtures ◽

Helium Dilution ◽

Lean Limit ◽

Near Extinction ◽

Combustible Mixtures

Flame propagation within confined, stratified gaseous environments were investigated experimentally. The diluents nitrogen and helium were used in turn to overlay initially combustible methane-air or hydrogen-air mixtures. Gas stratification was achieved by allowing the two initially homogeneous gases to interdiffuse for a certain period of time at constant temperature and pressure within a long, vertical, smooth, closed, circular tube. Upward flame propagation was examined following spark ignition while the tube was closed at the top but open at the bottom. Near-extinction flame speeds, lower than those predicted according to Davies and Taylor (1950), were obtained with helium dilution. Moreover, estimated reactant concentrations at the observed location of flame extinction indicated, in specific instances, that mixture stratification appears to slightly enhance locally the lean flammability limit. Nonuniform, stratified combustible gaseous mixtures and flame propagation within such mixtures are found in many situations, including in numerous technical applications, as well as in various potentially hazardous circumstances. The leakage of a fuel from storage tanks or pipelines, the formation of layered combustible mixtures within rooms, corridors, or elevator shafts of buildings, the formation of gas pockets in coal mine galleries, and the inerting of flammable mixtures through diluent gas addition are some examples. Some relevant information about the stratification process and the flame propagation characteristics in these specific circumstances has already been reported in the literature by Bakke and Leach (1962), James and Purdy (1962), Girard et al. (1979), Karim and Lam (1986) and Karim et al. (1987). This investigation considers some aspects of flame propagation and mass transfer within confined, stratified gaseous environment. The diluents nitrogen and helium were used in turn to overlay initially combustible methane-air or hydrogen-air mixtures. Mixture stratification was produced by permitting the two initially homogeneous gaseous systems to interdiffuse at constant temperature within a long, vertical, smooth, closed, circular tube. Only upward flame propagation was examined, as this mode is expected to involve the widest flammability limits and the fastest propagation for both homogeneous and stratified methane-air mixtures when confined in tubes (Liebman et al., 1971).

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