scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF LOIK SHERALI’S LITERARY CRITIQUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Бохир Мукаммилович Раджабов
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Conditions

В статье предпринимается попытка определения направлений и особенностей литературной критики таджикского поэта Лоика Шерали, который начиная со второй половины 60-х годов ХХ века до конца своей творческой деятельности, кроме поэтических произведений, написал около 150 критических и публицистических работ - статей, рецензий, интервью, выступлений, вступительных слов, предисловий, писем, послесловий и т.п., подтверждающих его значительное место в литературно-критической публицистике и литературной критике. Благодаря своей деятельности в качестве публициста, критика, историка и социолога Л. Шерали завоевал особое место не только в поэзии, но и в литературоведении, лингвистике, публицистике и литературной критике. Основными методами исследования послужили историко-сравнительный анализ материалов и описательный метод. Материал исследования составили сборники научно-публицистических статей Л. Шерали, публицистические произведения и литературно-критические статьи его современников.Размышляя над проблемами художественной литературы и литературной критики, Лоик Шерали акцентирует внимание на роли поэта и назначении поэзии, особенно с учетом социально-политических условий. В статьях Л. Шерали значительное место занимает критика творчества начинающих поэтов. В своих рассуждениях он настаивает на необходимости искусного владения языком, эрудированности, знания творчества классиков и правил сочинения стихов, законов аруза, метрики, логики, средств художественного выражения и т.п. В его критических произведениях прослеживаются социальные мотивы, отражаются проблемы национальных традиций и родного языка, имеют место проявление патриотизма и обращение к исторической теме, а также осмысляются вопросы литературных взаимосвязей и перевода. The author of the article makes an attempt to determine the streamlines and peculiarities of literary criticism of the Tajik poet Loik Sherali, who had written (besides poetic works) about 150 critical and publicistic literary works (articles, reviews, interviews, speeches, welcoming remarks, prefaces, letters, epilogues, etc.) since the late 60s of the 20th century to the end of his career, thus, confirming his significant place in literary critical journalism and literary criticism, in general. Owing to his activity as a publicist, critic, historian and sociologist, Sherali holds a special place not only in poetry, but in literary criticism, linguistics, journalism and literary criticism.The main research method is a comparative-historical analysis of materials as well as a descriptive one. The research material was compiled by the collections of L. Sherali's scientific-journalistic articles, his contemporaries’ publicistic works and literary critical articles. Reflecting on the problems beset with belles-lettres literature and literary criticism, Loik Sherali pays his particular attention to the poet’s role and his poetry target taking into consideration socio-political conditions. Criticism of the works of novice poets occupies a significant place in L. Sherali’s articles. Sherali insists on the need for erudition, knowledge of the classics and the rules for composing poetry, the laws of aruz, metrics, logic, means of artistic expression, language, etc. in his reasoning. The influence of social motives and the problems of national traditions and the native language, manifestation of patriotism, an appeal to a historical theme are reflected in his critical literary works. The issues in regard to literary interrelations and translation are taken into account as well.

scholarly journals Two “Identical” Freiburg Charters of 1275. Short Draft

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Pavel Blokhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
City Council ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Introduction. In 1275, two drafts of town law of Freiburg im Breisgau were created. This article presents an analysis of one of these texts, namely the short draft. Methods and materials. The main research method is comparative historical analysis. The contents of two charters are compared, namely the 1218 Rodel draft and the short draft of 1275. Analysis. There are 6 thematic clusters uniting the laws by branches of law: 1) privileges of citizens and rights of the Town Lord; 2) criminal procedure law; 3) civil law; 4) town administration; 5) trade law; 6) various laws. The first part of the laws from the short draft is a translation of the Rodelian laws, the second one represents reformulated Rodelian norms, while the last one contains new laws in the legislation of Freiburg. Results. Though the document did not become an official town charter, it manifested the changes in the town law of the 13th century, compared to the previous 1218 Town Charter. In addition, the laws in the draft reflected the political struggle for power between the Town Lord of Freiburg, the City Council of 24 and the town community. The Town Lord regained his previously lost rights, in particular the legislative initiative. However, at the same time, the short draft significantly limited Lord’s arbitrariness towards the property of citizens as well as Freiburg citizens themselves. According to the short draft, the City Council of 24 strengthened and expanded its power in the town, becoming a full-fledged legislative and executive body of the town administration. The town community, on the other hand, was losing its privileges and rights, for example, it lost the opportunity to elect some of the civil servants and members of the Council of 24.

scholarly journals Literary works in Azerbaijani animation: symbolism and semantics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ф. Мир-Багирзаде
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Animated Films ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Animated Film

При помощи сравнительно-исторического анализа автор исследует азербайджанские мультипликационные фильмы, экранизирующие произведения как отечественной, так и зарубежной литературы. В процессе создания каждого рисованного мультфильма советской эпохи принимали участие профессиональные режиссеры, сценаристы, художники-постановщики, снимавшие анимационные фильмы по произведениям азербайджанских писателей-классиков, среди которых – Низами Гянджеви, Мухаммед Физули, Сеид Азим Ширвани, Мирза Алекпер Сабир, Джалил Мамедкулизаде, Абдулла Шаиг, Сулейман Сами Ахундов, Али Керим, Расул Рза. К числу азербайджанских мультфильмов, снятых по произведениям зарубежной литературы, относится экранизация «Звездных дневников Ийона Тихого» и анимационный фильм по мотивам японских хайку. Азербайджанские мультфильмы по мотивам литературных произведений, вошедшие в золотой фонд киноискусства Азербайджана, отличаются специфическим творческим методом. Using a comparative historical analysis, the author explores Azerbaijani cartoon films that screen works of both domestic and foreign literature. In the process of creating each Soviet-era drawn cartoon, professional directors, screenwriters, and production designers took part in making animated films based on the works of Azerbaijani classic writers, such as Nizami Ganjavi, Mohammad Fuzuli, Seyid Azim Shirvani, Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, Abdulla Shaig, Suleyman Sani Akhundov, Ali Kerim, Rasul Rza. Azerbaijani cartoons based on works of foreign literature include the adaptation of «Ijon Tichy’s Star Diaries» and an animated film based on Japanese haiku. Azerbaijani cartoons based on literary works included in the Golden Fund of cinema art of Azerbaijan are distinguished by a specific creative method.

scholarly journals The Reception of Ernest Hemingway’s Works in Albanian Literature and Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Lirak Karjagdiu ◽  
Naim Kryeziu ◽  
Isa Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Journals

The main aim of this paper is to illuminate the positive reception and influence of Hemingway’s translated work in the Albanian-speaking world. On the whole, Hemingway’s reception in Albanian literature and culture has largely been overlooked and it thus requires more profound attention and consideration. Hence, this paper will attempt to fill up a large vacuum that existed so far in Ernest Hemingway’s reception in Albanian literature and culture.“Jeta e re,” one of the most reputable literary journals in Kosova, published several journalistic and literary critiques on Hemingway written by various Albanian and international authors throughout the 20th century. Using a critical and comparative literary approach and by referencing these published prefaces, introductions, articles, reviews, etc. mainly by Albanian authors, this paper details and analyzes the research, journalism, and literary criticism published in “Jeta e re” regarding Hemingway’s works. The paper concludes that Hemingway’s literary works and masterpieces were translated and published frequently and were received with warmth and enthusiasm, leading to Hemingway becoming one of the most admired authors among Albanian readers.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF THE CONCEPT “ARBEIT” AT THE BACKGROUND OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PHRASE FORMATION PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Nataliia Makhonina ◽  
Dmytro Sokolov ◽  
Olena Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
German Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cognitive Semantic

This article belongs to the area of cognitive researches. It covers the verbalization of the idea of labour in the German worldview and the changes in this idea observed during the 20th century. The main research material are the phraseological units with the core lexeme “Arbeit” which originated due to primary and secondary phrase formation processes. In the article special attention is paid to the phraseological units which emerged as a result of semantic and semantic-structural transformations accompanied by complex modification of meaning. Among the changes observed in phraseological meaning the author focuses on cognitive-semantic alterations which can be explained through the reconstruction of conceptual metaphor or metonymy forming the basis of a phraseological unit. While studying the history of changes in Germans’ attitude to labour the author involves historical and sociological data, identifies the prevailing trends in these changes, explains how they brought to life various phrase formation processes, both primary and secondary. The author arrives at a conclusion about a relation between the emotivity modification caused by semantic-structural transformations of phraseological units and the historical changes in the phraseological stock of German language. The article expands the ideas of extralingual factors which determine semantic and semantic-structural transformations of phraseological units and their influence on the changes in the phraseological stock.

scholarly journals The Swedish Language of Formal Communication in the Modern and Contemporary Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
I.V. Matytsina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Formal Communication ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Modern Era

Processes typical of the Swedish business language during the modern era were described. The study is of high importance, because this functional style of the Swedish language has been insufficiently investigated despite the regulation and normalization processes in it are of obvious interest to specialists in the Germanic languages. The main research method is synchronic analysis enabling examination and description the material in terms of the existing norms. A wide range of examples were provided to illustrate that in the modern era the language of law gradually gets closer to the language of notifications, rules, orders, regulations, etc., i.e., to documents that are usually implied when talking about officialese (the official and business style). It was concluded that the modern period was marked by not only the distinction between these two stylistic types of text, but also by the fact that they both acquired features common to Swedish non-fiction texts (sakprosan). In the 19th century, these processes were not very evident and, despite some minor innovations, the Swedish business language still contained a number of archaic features revealed in the so-called “substantival sickness” (substantivsjukan). A fundamental change took place in the 20th century and is associated with the spelling reform of 1906, as well as significant changes in such elements of the Swedish business language as syntax, morphology, and vocabulary that emerged mostly in the second half of the 20th century. The results obtained are of great importance for studying the Swedish stylistics, as well as for understanding the essence and roles of language policy in the process of normalizing and codifying the literary language.

scholarly journals Reception of Doris Lessing`s literary works literary works in scientific discourse

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Feminist Discourse ◽  
Literary Heritage

The article is devoted to the study of literary heritage reception of modern British writer Doris Lessing, whose work had a significant influence as on the development of English and American literature at XX – XXI centuries, and the feminist thought as well. The article outlines the state of study of the question concerning research of the writer's creativity in contemporary foreign and national literary criticism. Different approaches of the literary critics concerning the analysis of Doris Lessing`s novels are systematized. The main research vectors of the writer's creative heritage are determined. In foreign literary critique writer`s novels were studied mainly in feminist discourse. The attention of scholars was concentrated mainly on the works of “Golden Notebook”, “Grass is singing”, “Children of Violence”. In the national scientific discourse were revealed such following directions of studying of the D. Lessing`s heritage, as: 1) psychological approach (M. Horlach, I. Zimomriia, V. Lutsyk, M. Mykolaichyk); 2) identification of writer's artistic thinking features in the aspect of feminism (V. Savina, L. Miroshnychenko, I. Shapovalova); 3) an analysis of socio-political aspects of author`s creativity (L. Miroshnichenko, A. Shpytal); 4) poetical investigation of D. Lessing`s poetics works (M. Gorlach, V. Kramar) 5) discovery of the cultural-historical context V. Lutsyk, L. Miroshnichenko); 6) revealing features of the writer's creative method (O. Podkoritovа); 7) paratextual approach (L. Miroshnichenko). In foreign literature, the following main aspects of the study of the legacy D. Lessing were revealed: 1) feminist (L. Scott); 2) historical (S. Watkins, M. Drebl, G. Green); 3) psychological (B. Drain, P. Perrakis); 4) culturological K. Fishburne, N. Hardin); 5) a comparative approach (L. Scott); 6) eco-feminist approach (N. Aldeeb); 7) pedagogical (T. Sperlinger).

scholarly journals The Reception of Ernest Hemingway’s Works in Albanian Literature and Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirak Karjagdiu ◽  
Naim Kryeziu ◽  
Isa Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Journals

The main aim of this paper is to illuminate the positive reception and influence of Hemingway’s translated work in the Albanian-speaking world. On the whole, Hemingway’s reception in Albanian literature and culture has largely been overlooked and it thus requires more profound attention and consideration. Hence, this paper will attempt to fill up a large vacuum that existed so far in Ernest Hemingway’s reception in Albanian literature and culture.“Jeta e re,” one of the most reputable literary journals in Kosova, published several journalistic and literary critiques on Hemingway written by various Albanian and international authors throughout the 20th century. Using a critical and comparative literary approach and by referencing these published prefaces, introductions, articles, reviews, etc. mainly by Albanian authors, this paper details and analyzes the research, journalism, and literary criticism published in “Jeta e re” regarding Hemingway’s works. The paper concludes that Hemingway’s literary works and masterpieces were translated and published frequently and were received with warmth and enthusiasm, leading to Hemingway becoming one of the most admired authors among Albanian readers.

scholarly journals Institute for Art Criticism within the system of culture of USSR of the 1930’s

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Alexandr Alexandrovich Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Art Criticism ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Film Directors ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Time Expansion

This article examines concentration of art around literature that resulted from Soviet cultural policy of 1930’s. The key role in this process was played by literary criticism. Based on the material of literature it attempted to develop universal criteria, which could later serve for assessing any types of art. Some of the authors defended the distinctness of approaches to various arts, but unification in accordance with literary pattern was more seemed more effective. In this context, an illustrative example is cinematography – a young and institutional but yet not well-established art without its own theoretical framework. The main research method is the comparative analysis of rare periodical materials. The scientific novelty of this work consist in circumstantiation of the widespread cultural processes of Stalin’s USSR: focus of all arts on the literature, but at the same time, expansion of the panorama of literary criticism and self-reflection. If in the 1920’s, film directors were actively engages in the theory of cinematography, in the 1930’s it became prerogative of the critics.

scholarly journals Walter Benjamin e Roland Barthes às margens da escritura

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Derick Davidson Santos Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Common

Resumo: A noção de escritura, desenvolvida por teóricos como Roland Barthes,Jacques Derrida e Maurice Blanchot, no século XX, possui um lugar medular nateoria da literatura e na crítica literária. O presente trabalho propõe um cotejamento entre a teoria de Walter Benjamin e de Roland Barthes no que concerne à escritura. Tomando alguns traços principais da escritura, analisados por Barthes, em conjunto com o pensamento de Benjamin acerca da narração, do declínio da experiencia e de algumas obras da literatura moderna – como a obra de Proust– é possível elucidar de que forma a escritura, operando como um limiar (Schwelle), escapa à rigidez das fronteiras que separam o pessoal e o histórico, a ordem comum do individualismo, a experiência da vivência.Palavras-chave: Roland Barthes; Walter Benjamin; escritura; limiar.Abstract: The notion of writing, developed by theorists such as Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida and Maurice Blanchot, in the 20th century, has a fundamental place when it comes to literary theory and literary criticism. This work proposes a collating between Walter Benjamin’s and Roland Barthes’ theory concerning writing. Taking some main features of writing, analyzed by Barthes, together with Benjamin’s thought about narration, the decline of experience and some modern literary works – such as Proust’s oeuvre – it is possible to elucidate how writing, working as a threshold (Schwelle), escapes from the rigidity of the borders that separate the personal and the historical, the common order and individualism, experience and “inner lived experience”.Keywords: Roland Barthes; Walter Benjamin; writing; threshold.

Historical, Cultural and Ethno-psychological Connotations of the Image of the Homeland in Chinese Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Feng Yishan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Artistic Images

The relevance of the research is due to the interest of modern literary criticism in the study of conceptual images of national literatures formed by the basic universals of ethnic consciousness. The novelty lies in the appeal to the image of homeland in Chinese literature through the prism of the historical-etymological and historical-literary reconstruction of the concept that reflects the ethno-psychological foundations of Chinese consciousness. The problem of the study is comparing a number of lexemes, concepts, artistic images that have formed over the centuries the modern idea of the homeland in the Chinese picture of the world. The purpose of the work is to an­ alyze the evolution of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese ethnic and national consciousness on the basis of dictionaries and works of Chinese literature from the Tang era to the 20th century. The methodology is based on the etymological, lexical and semantic reconstruction of the concept of “homeland” in the Chinese picture of the world, based on the historical and cultural context. The main research methods are comparative-historical and structural-semantic ones. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of the homeland in the ethnic picture of the world of the Chinese was formed as the statehood and national identity of the peoples inhabiting China. In ancient China, the concept of homeland was associated with the place of birth of ancestors, native places, and the country of exodus of alien peoples. These connotations are most clearly found in the lyrics of the Tang era. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of the national movement, the image of the Motherland, drawn from European culture, appeared in the Chinese ethnic consciousness. The Xinhai Revolution allowed the Chinese to discover the world and foreign lands. The image of the motherland-fatherland in this context appears as a correlate of the concept of a foreign land (Japan, England, America). The image of the Motherland, the Father land is used most actively in new Chinese literature during the period of anti-Japanese resistance. After the formation of the PRC and the formation of the national consciousness of a united China, which united many nationalities, among the connotative meanings of ideas about the homeland, the concept of the homeland as a home state is of primary importance. Keywords: the Chinese, ethnic consciousness, land of ancestors, Motherland, foreign land

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