scholarly journals FORMATION OF COGNITIVE TOOLS AT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE COURSE OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Алсу Рауфовна Камалеева
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
Sequence Representation ◽  
Knowledge Structuring ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Статья посвящена проблеме формирования когнитивного инструментария студентов вуза в процессе познавательной деятельности в условиях технологического обучения. Когнитивная дидактика исходит из того, что каждый человек обладает индивидуальным набором инструментов (внешних и внутренних). Актуальность исследуемой проблемы связана с необходимостью решить вопрос об оптимальной переработке информации, получаемой обучающимися. Автором предлагается идея реализации и исследования мыслительных операций обучающихся в определенной последовательности: представление знаний → структурирование знаний → преобразование знаний во взаимосвязи с основными инструментами мышления как высшей ступени человеческого познания: понятием, суждением и умозаключением. Главным отличием когнитивной дидактики является то, что в ней особое внимание уделяется изучению и развитию познавательных структур и инструментария познания. В качестве методики проведения исследования предлагается использовать диагностику по Дж. Брунеру для определения типов мышления и уровня креативности. Установлено, что реализация использованной методики способствует исследованию базовых типов мышления обучаемых: предметного, образного, знакового и символического. Полученные сведения позволят каждому преподавателю перестроить методику обучения своей дисциплине с ориентацией на личностные особенности когнитивного инструментария каждого обучающегося в отдельности и всей группы в целом. The article is devoted to the formation of cognitive tools at university students in the process of cognitive activity in technological training. Cognitive didactics comes from the fact that each person has an individual set of tools (external and internal). The relevance of the problem under consideration is conditioned by the necessity to solve the problem of effective processing of information by students. The author proposes the idea of implementation and research of students’ mental operations in a specific sequence: representation of knowledge → structuring of the knowledge → transformation of the knowledge in connection with the main tools of thinking as the highest level of human cognition (concept, judgment and conclusion). The main distinction of cognitive didactics is the fact that it focuses on the study and development of cognitive structures and tools. The method employed in the study the diagnostics according to Jerome Bruner’s method to determine the types of thinking and levels of creativity. The author established that the implementation of the employed method contributes to the study of basic types of thinking of students: objective, figurative, sign-oriented and symbolic. The data obtained can help teachers to restructure the teaching methods of a specific discipline, taking into consideration some personal characteristics of cognitive tools of each student individually and throughout the group.

scholarly journals Testing a Process-Product Framework for Conceptualizing Motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
David Palmer
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Active State ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Product Phase ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Teacher Enthusiasm ◽  
Process Product

This study explored the idea that motivation for learning can be a process as well as a product: the product being an active state of motivation whereas the process would include the antecedents that created that state. This hypothesis was tested by interviewing 47 university students immediately after normal lectures. Results showed that 89% had experienced an active state of motivation (the product phase) that was influenced by antecedents that included personal characteristics (e.g., self-efficacy, individual interest), temporal personal factors (mood, fatigue), and contextual factors (teacher enthusiasm and “interestingness”). It was concluded that process-product is a potentially useful framework for conceptualizing motivation.

Robots as cognitive tools

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Developmental Robotics ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
Over Time

Artificial intelligence is by its very nature synthetic, its motto is “Understanding by building”. In the early days of artificial intelligence the focus was on abstract thinking and problem solving. These phenomena could be naturally mapped onto algorithms, which is why originally AI was considered to be part of computer science and the tool was computer programming. Over time, it turned out that this view was too limited to understand natural forms of intelligence and that embodiment must be taken into account. As a consequence the focus changed to systems that are able to autonomously interact with their environment and the main tool became the robot. The “developmental robotics” approach incorporates the major implications of embodiment with regard to what has been and can potentially be learned about human cognition by employing robots as cognitive tools. The use of “robots as cognitive tools” is illustrated in a number of case studies by discussing the major implications of embodiment, which are of a dynamical and information theoretic nature.

scholarly journals Financial literacy of university students – the Czech and Slovak experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ales Kozubik ◽  
Zuzana Kozubikova ◽  
Jiri Rybicka
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Self ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current State

Financial literacy is one of the key components of education for living in a modern society. In this article, we present the results of our research into the current state of financial literacy among university students from two European countries. Our research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey. In the first part of the questionnaire we investigated selected personal characteristics of respondents and the second part was devoted to knowledge in different areas of financial literacy. The knowledge questions were focused mainly on respondents’ competence in specific practical situations. The obtained data were processed by statistical analysis, including the dependencies between the results of the knowledge part and the self-reflexive assessment in the first part of the questionnaire. This analysis revealed several noteworthy findings. Keywords: Financial literacy; questionnaire survey; statistical tests;

scholarly journals Development of Identity and Tolerance in Foreign University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bobrova ◽  
Sergei Dranishnikov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Development ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Development Of Identity ◽  
Russian Universities

This article introduces the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the development of identity and tolerance in foreign university students. The research featured the organization of the educational process that encourages the development of personality identity and tolerance in foreign students. The authors defined the main directions and approaches to the problem of identity and tolerance development as a set of skills. The article describes the identity and tolerance profile of foreign students that study at Russian universities. The author proved that tolerance developed under the effect of national, cultural, and religious factors, as new sociocultural environment affected the personal characteristics of foreign students. The results were both positive and negative, thus forming both tolerant and intolerant attitudes. Subsequently, the personality profile of foreign students demonstrated a combination of tolerant and intolerant traits. The levels of ethnic nihilism and egoism were low; so were the levels of ethnic isolationism and fanaticism. The level of ethnic and social tolerance appeared average. The ethnic indifference and communicative tolerance were also at an average level. However, the level of positive ethnic identity was high. The research revealed a link between tolerance and ethnic identity in foreign students. The results can help to organize the development of identity and tolerance in foreign students.

The Intelligence of Computational Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 228-250
Author(s):  
Luciana Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
Computational Synthesis ◽  
Data Flows

Luciana Parisi in her chapter goes on to discuss the creative act towards novelty that comes from the nonhuman computational synthesis of logics and granular calculation of variations away from human cognition and perception based on given premises. The essay proposes an instrumental approach to design as a technology or a cognitive activity able to transform the environment by inducing new correlations of vast amounts of varied data flows. This chapter addresses the emergence of this neo-materialist approach as a symptom of a new conceptualisation of nature that no longer corresponds to the cybernetic view of an artificial system of feedback relations. It further suggests that there are some important inconsistencies between the computational conception of nature and the new rationality of the natural. Computational materiality implies a naturalisation of design intended as techne, or instrumentality, and defined not by logical aims, but operations, procedures and means that cut across strata, rules, forms and go beyond the specific constraints of each and any form.

scholarly journals Empleabilidad y expectativa de logro en la inserción laboral de los estudiantes universitarios//Employability and achievement expectation on job placement of the university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Tomás Izquierdo Rus ◽  
Alberto Jesús Farías Gragmena
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

RESUMENLos profundos cambios en el mercado laboral han generado en los últimos años un debate en torno a la empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la percepción de la empleabilidad en función del sexo, titulación y situación laboral y analizar su relación con la percepción del logro. Han participado 297 estudiantes matriculados en diferentes grados de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia.  Los instrumentos aplicados buscan explorar la auto-percepción subjetiva de performance de empleabilidad, midiendo habilidades y competencias expresadas por los participantes y la percepción (creencias) de condiciones personales y profesionales requeridas por los empleadores ante un proceso potencial de contratación laboral. Los estudiantes universitarios no sólo perciben como necesarias determinadas características personales sino que también consideran los requerimientos del contexto sociolaboral en el que se inscriben. Asimismo, se ha comprobado la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa entre percepción de empleabilidad y percepción del logro. Los resultados tienen unas implicaciones prácticas de gran importancia con objeto de mejorar la empleabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios. Entre los contenidos prioritarios a abordar se contempla la incorporación de acciones de orientación profesional en los planes de estudios universitarios. ABSTRACT In the last few years, a discussion about university students´ employability has been generated by deep changes in the job market. The objective of this investigation has been to analyze employability with reference to sex, degree and employment situation, and to analyze its relation to the achievement perception. 297 students have participated in different levels of the Education Department of the University of Murcia. The tools that have been applied seek to explore the subjective self-perception on the employability performance, measuring skills and abilities expressed by the participants, and the perception (belief) of personal and professional conditions required by employers with reference to a potential job hiring. University students not only perceive that certain personal characteristics are necessary, but they also consider the requirements of their social and labor context. Also tested the existence of a statistically significant relation among employability perception and achievement expectations.The results have highly important practical implications aiming to improve the university students´ employability. Priority should focus to address the incorporation of vocational guidance in university plans of studies.

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