scholarly journals Enhancing Skin Permeation of Biphenylacetic Acid (BPA) Using Salt Formation with Organic and Alkali Metal Bases

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Biphenylacetic Acid

scholarly journals Enhanced skin permeation of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid by salt formation

Drug Delivery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Pawar ◽  
H. Yogish Kumar ◽  
Rajani Giridhar ◽  
Mange Ram Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid

Effect ofO-acylmenthol and salt formation on the skin permeation of diclofenac acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 814-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligang Zhao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
Changshun Ren ◽  
Yongnan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Salt Formation

Modeling fine particles and alkali metal compound behavior in a kraft recovery boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
AINO LEPPÄNEN ◽  
ERKKI VÄLIMÄKI ◽  
ANTTI OKSANEN
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Metal Compound ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Recovery Boiler

Under certain conditions, ash in black liquor forms a locally corrosive environment in a kraft recovery boiler. The ash also might cause efficiency losses and even boiler shutdown because of plugging of the flue gas passages. The most troublesome compounds in a fuel such as black liquor are potassium and chlorine because they change the melting behavior of the ash. Fouling and corrosion of the kraft recovery boiler have been researched extensively, but few computational models have been developed to deal with the subject. This report describes a computational fluid dynamics-based method for modeling the reactions between alkali metal compounds and for the formation of fine fume particles in a kraft recovery boiler furnace. The modeling method is developed from ANSYS/FLUENT software and its Fine Particle Model extension. We used the method to examine gaseous alkali metal compound and fine fume particle distributions in a kraft recovery boiler furnace. The effect of temperature and the boiler design on these variables, for example, can be predicted with the model. We also present some preliminary results obtained with the model. When the model is developed further, it can be extended to the superheater area of the kraft recovery boiler. This will give new insight into the variables that increase or decrease fouling and corrosion

Electronic structure of alkali metal chalcogenides

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (0) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Д. И. Блецкан ◽  
В. В. Вакульчак ◽  
А. В. Лукач
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Chalcogenides

Room Temperature Alkali Metal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Freeman ◽  
Akachukwu D. Obi ◽  
Haleigh R. Machost ◽  
Andrew Molino ◽  
Asa W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Electron Reduction

The reduction of the relatively inert carbon–oxygen bonds of CO<sub>2</sub> to access useful CO<sub>2</sub>-derived organic products is one of the most important fundamental challenges in synthetic chemistry. Facilitating this bond-cleavage using earth-abundant, non-toxic main group elements (MGEs) is especially arduous because of the difficulty in achieving strong inner-sphere interactions between CO<sub>2</sub> and the MGE. Herein we report the first successful chemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature by alkali metals, promoted by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC). One-electron reduction of CAAC-CO<sub>2</sub> adduct (<b>1</b>) with lithium, sodium or potassium metal yields stable monoanionic radicals clusters [M(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n</sub>(M = Li, Na, K, <b> 2</b>-<b>4</b>) and two-electron alkali metal reduction affords open-shell, dianionic clusters of the general formula [M<sub>2</sub>(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n </sub>(<b>5</b>-<b>8</b>). It is notable that these crystalline clusters of reduced CO<sub>2</sub> may also be isolated via the “one-pot” reaction of free CO<sub>2</sub> with free CAAC followed by the addition of alkali metals – a reductive process which does not occur in the absence of carbene. Each of the products <b>2</b>-<b>8</b> were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.<br>

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