Preparing and Rearing Axenic Insects with Tissue Cultured Seedlings for Host-Gut Microbiota Interaction Studies of the Leaf Beetle

10.3791/63195 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqi Ma ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Jingya Yu ◽  
Runhua Han ◽  
Letian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Interaction Studies

scholarly journals Synergism of gut microbiota to double-stranded RNAs in RNA interference of a leaf beetle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letian Xu ◽  
Shijing Xu ◽  
Liuwei Sun ◽  
Yiqiu Zhang ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Insect Gut Bacteria

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an efficient tool to control insect pests. When lethal double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were ingested by the insects, strong gene silencing and mortality can be induced. To exert their function, dsRNA molecules must pass through insect’s gut and enter epithelial cells and/or the hemolymph. Gut bacteria are known to inhabit on the epithelial surface to confer host new capabilities to counter both biotic and abiotic stress. Whether there is a crosstalk between gut bacteria and dsRNAs and the effects of the microbiome on RNAi efficiency remains unknown. Here, using a leaf beetle-gut microbiota system, we investigated whether and how gut bacteria interact with dsRNA molecules and its effects on host insects. We firstly showed that the leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera) is highly susceptible to RNAi. Then, we found that ingestion of dsRNAs by non-axenic P. versicolora larvae results in (i) significantly accelerated mortality compared to axenic larvae, and (ii) over-growth and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The latter is mainly caused by the bacterial utilization of the dsRNA degraded products initiated by the host insect. Furthermore, we found that Pseudomonas putida, a gut bacterium of P. versicolora, was a main commensal-to-pathogen strain that accelerated the death of P. versicolora larvae. Taken together, our findings reveal a synergistic role of gut microbiota to dsRNA-induced mortality of pest insects, which provides new insights in the ecological functions of insect gut bacteria, and also contributes to a better understanding of the RNAi mechanisms in insects.

scholarly journals Differential Modulation by Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii of Host Peripheral Lipid Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in Mouse Gut Organoids

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Lukovac ◽  
Clara Belzer ◽  
Linette Pellis ◽  
Bart J. Keijser ◽  
Willem M. de Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is essential for numerous aspects of human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of many host-microbiota interactions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize effects of the microbiota on host epithelium using a novelex vivomodel based on mouse ileal organoids. We have explored the transcriptional response of organoids upon exposure to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and products generated by two abundant microbiota constituents,Akkermansia muciniphilaandFaecalibacterium prausnitzii. We observed thatA. muciniphilametabolites affect various transcription factors and genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism and growth, supporting previousin vivofindings. Contrastingly,F. prausnitziiproducts exerted only weak effects on host transcription. Additionally,A. muciniphilaand its metabolite propionate modulated expression of Fiaf, Gpr43, histone deacetylases (HDACs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), important regulators of transcription factor regulation, cell cycle control, lipolysis, and satiety. This work illustrates that specific bacteria and their metabolites differentially modulate epithelial transcription in mouse organoids. We demonstrate that intestinal organoids provide a novel and powerfulex vivomodel for host-microbiome interaction studies.IMPORTANCEWe investigated the influence of the gut microbiota and microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on gut functioning. Many commensal bacteria in the gut produce SCFAs, particularly butyrate, acetate, and propionate, which have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders. Organoids—small crypt-villus structures grown from ileal intestinal stem cells—were exposed to SCFAs and two specific gut bacteria.Akkermansia muciniphila, found in the intestinal mucus, was recently shown to have a favorable effect on the disrupted metabolism associated with obesity.Faecalibacterium prausnitziiis a commensal gut bacterium, the absence of which may be associated with Crohn’s disease. We showed that in our model,A. muciniphilainduces stronger effects on the host thanF. prausnitzii. We observed thatA. muciniphilaand propionate affect the expression of genes involved in host lipid metabolism and epigenetic activation or silencing of gene expression. We demonstrated that organoids provide a powerful tool for host-microbe interaction studies.

Drug interaction studies of esomeprazole with amoxicillin and clarithromycin

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A581-A581
Author(s):  
T ANDERSSON ◽  
L ASTRAZENECA ◽  
K ROHSS ◽  
M HASSANALIN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Interaction Studies

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

HYPERFINE INTERACTION STUDIES OF CHEVREL PHASE SUPERCONDUCTORS

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (C6) ◽  
pp. C6-367-C6-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Kimball ◽  
van Landuyt ◽  
C. Barnett ◽  
G. K. Shenoy ◽  
B. D. Dunlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Interaction ◽  
Chevrel Phase ◽  
Interaction Studies
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