Assessing Whole-Body Lipid-Handling Capacity in Mice

10.3791/61927 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Huang ◽  
Noah Mathew ◽  
Yi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid

scholarly journals Farnesoid X Receptor an Emerging Target to Combat Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel De Magalhaes Filho ◽  
Michael Downes ◽  
Ronald M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Attractive Candidate ◽  
Potential Use

Obesity and its associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes, have reached epidemic levels worldwide. However, available treatment options are limited and ineffective in managing the disease. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological solutions. The bile acid (BA) Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has recently emerged as an attractive candidate. Initially described for their role in lipid and vitamin absorption from diet, BAs are hormones with powerful effects on whole body lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we focus on FXR and how 2 decades of work on this receptor, both in rodents and humans, have led to the development of drug agonists with potential use in humans for treatment of conditions ranging from obesity-associated diseases to BA dysregulation.

Dose-dependent effect of insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E736-E750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
K. Zych ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methodology for measuring plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover/oxidation with [1–14C]palmitate was tested in normal subjects. In study 1, two different approaches (720-min tracer infusion without prime vs. 150-min infusion with NaH14CO3 prime) to achieve steady-state conditions of 14CO2 yielded equivalent rates of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation. In study 2, during staircase NaH14CO3 infusion, calculated rates of 14CO2 appearance agreed closely with NaH14CO3 infusion rates. In study 3, 300-min euglycemic insulin clamp documented that full biological effect of insulin on plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was established within 60–120 min. In study 4, plasma insulin concentration was raised to 14 +/- 2, 23 +/- 2, 38 +/- 2, 72 +/- 5, and 215 +/- 10 microU/ml. A dose-dependent insulin suppression of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was observed. Plasma FFA concentration correlated positively with plasma FFA turnover/oxidation in basal and insulinized states. Total lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) was significantly higher than plasma FFA oxidation in the basal state, suggesting that intracellular lipid stores contributed to whole body lipid oxidation. Hepatic glucose production and total glucose disposal showed the expected dose-dependent suppression and stimulation, respectively, by insulin. In conclusion, insulin regulation of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation is maximally manifest at low physiological plasma insulin concentrations, and in the basal state a significant contribution to whole body lipid oxidation originates from lipid pool(s) that are different from plasma FFA.

Animal-intrinsic variation in the partitioning of body protein and lipid in growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Knap ◽  
H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Total Body

AbstractBody composition in the pig, and its variation, is mostly referred to in terms of body protein and lipid content of the whole body. This study was made to check for animal-intrinsic variation in the partitioning of body protein into protein pools and of body lipid into lipid depots. Results from serial slaughter trials on 316 Danish Landrace and 76 Danish Yorkshire pigs were used to estimate additive genetic and litter-associated variance components for several traits. These traits were total body protein and lipid mass (TOTPROT and TOTLIPD), the proportions of total body protein that are present in the muscles (PROTMUS) or in the (sub-)cutaneous tissue plus bones (connective tissue protein, PROTCON), and the proportions of total body lipid that are present in the (sub-)cutaneous tissue (LIPDSUB), in the muscles (inter- and intramuscular fat, LIPDMUS), or in the bones (LIPDBON). TOTPROT and TOTLIPD were adjusted by regression for body weight; PROTMUS and PROTCON were adjusted for PROTCON, and LIPDSUB, LIPDMUS and LIPDBON were adjusted for TOTLIPD. The pooled estimates (± s.e.) of the degree of genetic determination (the sum of the additive genetic and litter-associated variance components, which approximates the repeatability) of these traits were 0·48 ± 0·19 for TOTPROT, 0·56 ± 0·20 for TOTLIPD, 0·56 ± 0·12 for PROTMUS, 0·57 ± 0·15 for PROTCON, 0·32 ± 0·10 for LIPDMUS, 0·33 ± 0·12 for LIPDSUB, and 0·22 ± 0·10 for LIPDBON. It is concluded that there is animal-intrinsic variation in partitioning of body protein and lipid.

scholarly journals The functional role of brown adipose tissue in whole‐body lipid metabolism in humans (1160.3)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chondronikola ◽  
Craig Porter ◽  
Nicholas Hurren ◽  
Tony Chao ◽  
Christina Yfanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals The effect of dietary fat and omega‐3 fatty acids on whole body lipid oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Ainslie-Waldman ◽  
Lindsay R. Young ◽  
Mindy S. Kurzer ◽  
Susan K. Raatz ◽  
A. Saari Csallany
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Body Lipid

Calorimetric study of the energetics of pregnancy in golden hamsters

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. R807-R812 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Quek ◽  
P. Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Calorimetric Study ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Daily Energy

The energetics of pregnancy have been assessed in the golden hamster, using continuous whole body indirect calorimetry to determine energy expenditure throughout gestation. Energy intake was unchanged during pregnancy, either on a daily or cumulative basis. The total energy expenditure per animal was, however, significantly higher (14%) in pregnant hamsters than in virgin control animals. The increase in total expenditure was the result of increases in daily energy expenditure over the last one-third of gestation (mean increase 21%), the period during which the energy costs associated with fetal growth are highest. The respiratory quotient (RQ) of the control hamsters was approximately 0.95, but in the pregnant group there was a progressive reduction over the second half of gestation, and by parturition the RQ had fallen to 0.80. The changes in RQ indicate that there is a switch toward the oxidation of fat, away from the oxidation of carbohydrate, in the later stages of pregnancy. Measurements of body lipid suggest that the fall in RQ in the second half of pregnancy is the result of a net utilization of maternal fat reserves; 42% of maternal body lipid was lost during pregnancy, with most of the loss occurring over the final one-third of gestation. Because energy expenditure is increased (relative to virgin controls) without any change in energy intake, it is evident that the efficiency of energy utilization (energy gain per unit of energy intake) is not increased during pregnancy in the golden hamster.

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