scholarly journals 4D Microscopy: Unraveling Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Development using Nomarski Microscopy

10.3791/61736 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Escrich ◽  
Begoña Ezcurra ◽  
Eva Gómez-Orte ◽  
Cristina Romero-Aranda ◽  
Antonio Miranda-Vizuete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
4D Microscopy

scholarly journals Glutathione reductase gsr-1 is an essential gene required for Caenorhabditis elegans early embryonic development

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 446-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mora-Lorca ◽  
Beatriz Sáenz-Narciso ◽  
Christopher J. Gaffney ◽  
Francisco José Naranjo-Galindo ◽  
José Rafael Pedrajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Early Embryonic Development

Imaging Embryonic Development in Caenorhabditis elegans

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (3) ◽  
pp. pdb.top71-pdb.top71 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mohler ◽  
A. B. Isaacson
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development

Post-embryonic development in the ventral cord of Caenorhabditis elegans

1976 ◽  
Vol 275 (938) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Ventral Cord ◽  
Larval Moult ◽  
A Cell

56 nerve cells are added to the ventral cord and associated ganglia of Caenorhabditis elegans at about the time of the first larval moult. These cells are produced by the uniform division of 13 neuroblasts followed by a defined pattern of cell deaths. Comparison with the data in the previous paper suggests that there is a relationship between the ancestry of a cell and its function. The significance of programmed cell death is discussed.

Embryonic lineage evolution in nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
August Coomans ◽  
Gaëtan Borgonie ◽  
Kim Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Développement Embryonnaire ◽  
4D Microscopy

AbstractBecause of the high number of species and its ancient roots in evolution, the phylum Nematoda is well suited for comparative embryonic study. Using 4D microscopy we have reconstructed the embryonic lineages of several nematodes. This allows us to identify changing developmental strategies in the phylum Nematoda. Generally there has been a shift in the phylum from a non-determined, non-strict development to a faster, highly determined embryonic development. En raison du nombre élevé d’espèces et de ses racines anciennes dans l’évolution, le phylum Nematoda est bien approprié à des études d’embryologie comparée. A l’aide d’un microscope 4D, les lignages embryonnaires de plusieurs nématodes ont été reconstruits. Cela nous a permis d’identifier les modifications de stratégie développementales dans le phylum. Généralement, il y a eu un changement dans le phylum depuis un développement non déterminé et non précis jusqu’à un développement embryonnaire très rapide et hautement déterminé.

scholarly journals Overlapping and non-overlapping roles of the class-I histone deacetylase-1 corepressors, LET-418, SIN-3, and SPR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Kubota ◽  
Yuto Ohnishi ◽  
Tasuku Hamasaki ◽  
Gen Yasui ◽  
Natsumi Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Class I ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nucleosome Remodeling ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Sin3 Complex

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are divided into four classes. Class-I HDAC, HDAC-1 forms three types of complexes, namely the Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase complex, the Sin3 complex, and the CoREST complex, with specific corepressor component Mi2/CHD-3, Sin3, and RCOR1 in human, respectively. The functions of these HDAC-1 complexes are regulated by their corepressors, however, their exact mechanistic roles in several biological processes remain unexplored, such as in embryonic development. Here, we report that each of the corepressors, LET-418, SIN-3, and SPR-1, the homologous of Mi2, Sin3, and RCOR1, respectively, were expressed throughout Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic development and served essential roles in the process. Moreover, genetic analysis suggested that three pathways (i.e., LET-418– SIN-3–SPR-1, SIN-3–SPR-1, and LET-418) participated in embryonic development. Our terminal-phenotype observations of single mutants of each corepressor implied that LET-418, SIN-3, and SPR-1 played similar roles in promoting advancement to the middle and late embryonic stages. Genome-wide comparative-transcriptome analysis indicated that 47.5% and 42.3% of genes were commonly increased and decreased in sin-3 and spr-1 mutants, respectively. These results suggest that among the three pathways studied, the SIN-3–SPR-1 pathway mainly serves to regulate embryonic development. Comparative-Gene Ontology analysis indicated that these three pathways played overlapping and distinct roles in regulating C. elegans embryonic development.

scholarly journals Translation and codon usage regulate Argonaute slicer activity to trigger small RNA biogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meetali Singh ◽  
Eric Cornes ◽  
Blaise Li ◽  
Piergiuseppe Quarato ◽  
Loan Bourdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Germ Granules ◽  
Rna Biogenesis

In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, thousands of mRNAs are concomitantly expressed with antisense 22G-RNAs, which are loaded into the Argonaute CSR-1. Despite their essential functions for animal fertility and embryonic development, how CSR-1 22G-RNAs are produced remains unknown. Here, we show that CSR-1 slicer activity is primarily involved in triggering the synthesis of small RNAs on the coding sequences of germline mRNAs and post-transcriptionally regulates a fraction of targets. CSR-1-cleaved mRNAs prime the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, EGO-1, to synthesize 22G-RNAs in phase with ribosome translation in the cytoplasm, in contrast to other 22G-RNAs mostly synthesized in germ granules. Moreover, codon optimality and efficient translation antagonize CSR-1 slicing and 22G-RNAs biogenesis. We propose that codon usage differences encoded into mRNA sequences might be a conserved strategy in eukaryotes to regulate small RNA biogenesis and Argonaute targeting.

scholarly journals Introduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1436) ◽  
pp. 1313-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gardner ◽  
M. A. Surani ◽  
D. Solter
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
Careful Documentation ◽  
Fertilized Egg ◽  
Extreme View

The elaboration of a physiologically integrated organism from a fertilized egg depends on processes of cellular growth and diversification that require very precise coordination in both space and time. The extent to which the final outcome is presaged in the egg is an issue that has engaged those seeking to explain embryonic development since antiquity. According to the concept of preformation espoused by Charles Bonnet, the new organism was already present in its final form in the egg, so that development simply entailed enlargement without any accompanying increase in complexity (Oppenheimer 1967). This extreme view was shown to be untenable by Caspar Friedrich Wolff, whose relevant studies included careful documentation of the emergence of increasingly complex organization during the course of embryogenesis in the chick. As a result, the opposing concept of epigenesis, namely that order and form emerge de novo during the course of development, rapidly gained dominance (Oppenheimer 1967). However, by the latter half of the nineteenth century, preformation was revived in a subtler guise to explain the development of various marine invertebrates in which both patterns of cleavage and differentiation of the resulting blastomeres were essentially invariant. Here, cellular diversification was attributed to the localization within the cytoplasm of the egg of factors, or ‘determinants’, which dictated the fate of the cells that inherited them. The stereotypical pattern of cleavage exhibited by such organisms was referred to as ‘mosaic’, in contrast to the variable or ‘regulative’ pattern shown by many others. Mosaic soon came to be equated with a determinant–based or neo–preformationist, and regulative with an epigenetic, view of development. We now know that this distinction is not valid because cellular interactions play a vital part in the development even of organisms with invariant lineage like Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas ‘determinants’ such as those for the germline occur in species whose lineage is variable.

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