scholarly journals Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

10.3791/61670 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben D. Restrepo ◽  
Ido Karpenkop ◽  
Katherine E. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Line

Adaptive Sampling line search for local stochastic optimization with integer variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna K. Ragavan ◽  
Susan R. Hunter ◽  
Raghu Pasupathy ◽  
Michael R. Taaffe
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Line Search ◽  
Integer Variables ◽  
Sampling Line

scholarly journals Dimethylamine and ammonia measurements with ion chromatography during the CLOUD4 campaign

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2161-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Praplan ◽  
F. Bianchi ◽  
J. Dommen ◽  
U. Baltensperger
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Sampling Line ◽  
New Particles

Abstract. The CLOUD project investigates the influence of galactic cosmic rays on the nucleation of new particles in an environmental chamber at CERN. Dimethylamine (DMA) was injected intentionally into the CLOUD chamber to reach atmospherically relevant levels away from sources (up to 100 pptv) in order to study its effect on nucleation with sulphuric acid and water at 278 K. Quantification of DMA and also background ammonia (NH3) was performed with ion chromatography (IC). The IC method used together with the sampling line developed for CLOUD in order to measure NH3 and DMA at low pptv levels is described; the overall sampling efficiency of the method is discussed; and, finally, mixing ratios of NH3 and DMA measured during CLOUD4 are reported.

scholarly journals End-Tidal CO2 Excretion Waveform and Error with Gas Sampling Line Leak

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 579???581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Zupan ◽  
Michael Martin ◽  
Jonathan L. Benumof
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Sampling Line ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2 ◽  
Co2 Excretion

Monitoring Ambient Nitrate Radical by Open Path Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Keding Lu
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Absorption Length ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Sampling Line ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases

<p>We described an open-path cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OP-CEAS) technique for ambient measurement of nitrate radical (NO<sub>3</sub>) near 662 nm. Compared with the close type CEAS system with a sampling line, the OP-CEAS is featured with high accuracy due to free of quantifying NO<sub>3 </sub>loss in the sampling line and cavity. Based on a 0.84 m long open path cavity, the effective absorption length of ~5 kilometers is achieved by a coupled high reflectivity mirrors with the reflectivity of 0.99985 at 662 nm. The detection limit of OP-CEAS for NO<sub>3</sub> measurement is 3.0 pptv (2σ) in 30 seconds. The uncertainty is 11.2% and dominated by the cross section of NO<sub>3</sub>. The instrument was successfully applied in a field measurement at low particulate matter (PM) loading condition. As the sensitive would be decreased due to the strong PM extinctions under heavy PM pollution condition, we highlight the feasibility of this OP-CEAS configuration in the field application under the low PM condition, such as the forest region affected by anthropogenic emissions. This technique also appropriates to be expended in the field detection of other reactive trace gases in future studies.</p>

A Simplified Method of Sampling Logging Residue

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sampling Line ◽  
Logging Residue ◽  
Time Required

The line intersect technique for estimating the volume of logging residue was field tested in British Columbia from 1965 to 1967. Residual volumes could be satisfactorily estimated from two sets of sampling lines oriented at right angles. Angular orientation of the residue to the sampling lines could be represented by a constant factor on both tractor- and cable-logged areas.The only variable requiring measurement was the mean cross-sectional area of pieces intersected by a sampling line. When this was estimated by measuring the ends of each piece, the line-intersect method saved an average of 36 percent of the total sampling time required for volume estimation by conventional sample plots. A significant additional reduction in sampling time could be achieved by measuring the cross-sectional area of pieces at the plane of intersection with the sampling line. To avoid bias, this should be accompanied by a sub-sampling procedure involving measurement of end areas on 25 percent of the pieces. Using this sub-sampling procedure resulted in an average reduction of 55 percent of the plot-sampling time required.

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