scholarly journals A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

10.3791/61209 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Michael Skjolding ◽  
Susanne Kruse ◽  
Sara Nørgaard Sørensen ◽  
Rune Hjorth ◽  
Anders Baun
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Algal Toxicity

Problems and Recommendations in Using Algal Toxicity Testing to Evaluate Contaminated Sediments

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine E. Hall ◽  
James F. Fairchild ◽  
Thomas W. La Point ◽  
Paul R. Heine ◽  
David S. Ruessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Algal Toxicity

scholarly journals Improved Algal Toxicity Test System for Robust Omics-Driven Mode-of-Action Discovery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schade ◽  
Emma Butler ◽  
Steve Gutsell ◽  
Geoff Hodges ◽  
John K. Colbourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Test System ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Algal Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Food

Algae are key components of aquatic food chains. Consequently, they are internationally recognised test species for the environmental safety assessment of chemicals. However, existing algal toxicity test guidelines are not yet optimized to discover molecular modes of action, which require highly-replicated and carefully controlled experiments. Here, we set out to develop a robust, miniaturised and scalable Chlamydomonas reinhardtii toxicity testing approach tailored to meet these demands. We primarily investigated the benefits of synchronised cultures for molecular studies, and of exposure designs that restrict chemical volatilisation yet yield sufficient algal biomass for omics analyses. Flow cytometry and direct-infusion mass spectrometry metabolomics revealed significant and time-resolved changes in sample composition of synchronised cultures. Synchronised cultures in sealed glass vials achieved adequate growth rates at previously unachievably-high inoculation cell densities, with minimal pH drift and negligible chemical loss over 24-h exposures. Algal exposures to a volatile test compound (chlorobenzene) yielded relatively high reproducibility of metabolic phenotypes over experimental repeats. This experimental test system extends existing toxicity testing formats to allow highly-replicated, omics-driven, mode-of-action discovery.

A novel algal toxicity testing technique for assessing the toxicity of both metallic and organic toxicants

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1869-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ho Lin ◽  
Wei-Chen Kao ◽  
Kuo-Pei Tsai ◽  
Chung-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Algal Toxicity

Role of small scale toxicity testing in hazard control

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Alarie ◽  
F. M. Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hazard Control

A New Bioassay Including a Small Scale Hepatocyte Bioreactor for Hepato-Mediated Toxicity Testing in a Target Cell Line

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Deglmann ◽  
R. Metzger ◽  
M. Stickel ◽  
S. Hoerrlein ◽  
F.W. Schildberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Target Cell Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New Bioassay ◽  
Hepatocyte Bioreactor

New approaches for in vitro testing of hepato-mediated toxicity are undertaken to offer alternatives to in vivo animal testing. The described bioassay for hepato-mediated toxicity testing is based on a small scale hepatocyte-bioreactor with pig hepatocytes connected to a silicon sensor based microphysiometer system for monitoring of the extracellular acidification rate (EAR) of cells and the microphysiometer alone. EAR represents the metabolic activity of tested cells (hepatocytes and ZR 751 cells) under the influence of perfused media, compared to controls, which were set to 100%. Cyclophosphamide (CYCL), whose cytostatic effect is dependent on CYP 450 biotransformation was used as a model substrate. CYCL showed decrease of EAR in hepatocytes, but not in ZR 751 cells. Bioreactor supernatant including CYCL was pumped into the microphysiometer and EARs of the target ZR 751 cell line were recorded. After 7 h of bioreactor supernatant perfusion the ZR 751 cell line showed an EAR decrease of 18.68% ± 10.18, as compared to controls (bioreactor supernatant from the identical set-up without CYCL). Thus the presented model of hepato-activated toxicity showed an EAR decrease in the ZR 751 cell line that reflected the toxic activation of CYCL by the bioreactor. This new bioassay serves as an example of future applications for hepatocyte bioreactors in automated toxicity testing devices, e.g. in preclinical drug studies or evaluation of hepato-mediated toxicity, not depending on cell destruction or further assays.

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