High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects

10.3791/61186 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Awde ◽  
Tatum E. Fowler ◽  
Fernan Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
Mark J. Garcia ◽  
Nicholas M. Teets
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits

scholarly journals A high-throughput method for measuring critical thermal limits of leaves by chlorophyll imaging fluorescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter A. Arnold ◽  
Verónica F. Briceño ◽  
Kelli M. Gowland ◽  
Alexandra A. Catling ◽  
León A. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits ◽  
High Throughput Method

scholarly journals A high-throughput method for measuring critical thermal limits of leaves by chlorophyll imaging fluorescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter A. Arnold ◽  
Verónica F. Briceño ◽  
Kelli M. Gowland ◽  
Alexandra A. Catling ◽  
León A. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Ramp Rate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Temperature Ramp ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits ◽  
High Throughput Method

AbstractPlant thermal tolerance is a crucial research area as the climate warms and extreme weather events become more frequent. We developed and tested a high-throughput method for measuring photosynthetic critical thermal limits at low (CTMIN) and high (CTMAX) temperatures to achieve pragmatic and robust measures of thermal tolerance limits using a Maxi-Imaging fluorimeter and a thermoelectric Peltier plate temperature ramping system. Leaves exposed to temperature extremes accumulate damage to photosystem II (PSII). Temperature-dependent changes in basal chlorophyll fluorescence (T-F0) can be used to identify the critical temperature at which PSII is damaged. We examined how experimental conditions: wet vs dry surfaces for leaves and temperature ramp rate, affect CTMIN and CTMAX across four species. CTMAX estimates were not different whether measured on wet or dry surfaces, but leaves were apparently less cold tolerant when on wet surfaces. Temperature ramp rate had a strong effect on both CTMAX and CTMIN that was species-specific. We discuss potential mechanisms for these results and recommend settings for researchers to use when measuring T-F0. The system described and tested here allows high-throughput measurement of critical temperature thresholds of leaf photosynthetic performance for characterising plant function in response to thermal extremes.

scholarly journals Male fertility thermal limits predict vulnerability to climate warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda van Heerwaarden ◽  
Carla M. Sgrò
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits

AbstractForecasting which species/ecosystems are most vulnerable to climate warming is essential to guide conservation strategies to minimize extinction. Tropical/mid-latitude species are predicted to be most at risk as they live close to their upper critical thermal limits (CTLs). However, these assessments assume that upper CTL estimates, such as CTmax, are accurate predictors of vulnerability and ignore the potential for evolution to ameliorate temperature increases. Here, we use experimental evolution to assess extinction risk and adaptation in tropical and widespread Drosophila species. We find tropical species succumb to extinction before widespread species. Male fertility thermal limits, which are much lower than CTmax, are better predictors of species’ current distributions and extinction in the laboratory. We find little evidence of adaptive responses to warming in any species. These results suggest that species are living closer to their upper thermal limits than currently presumed and evolution/plasticity are unlikely to rescue populations from extinction.

scholarly journals Altitudinal variation in bumble bee (Bombus) critical thermal limits

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jeannet Oyen ◽  
Susma Giri ◽  
Michael E. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Altitudinal Variation ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits

scholarly journals Critical thermal limits and their responses to acclimation in two sub-Antarctic spiders: Myro kerguelenensis and Prinerigone vagans

Polar Biology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Jumbam ◽  
J. S. Terblanche ◽  
J. A. Deere ◽  
M. J. Somers ◽  
S. L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits

scholarly journals Progeny of Xenopus laevis from altitudinal extremes display adaptive physiological performance

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.233031
Author(s):  
Carla Wagener ◽  
Natasha Kruger ◽  
John Measey
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Critical Thermal Limits ◽  
Low Altitude

Environmental temperature variation generates adaptive phenotypic differentiation in widespread populations. We used a common garden experiment to determine whether offspring with varying parental origins display adaptive phenotypic variation related to different thermal conditions experienced in parental environments. We compared burst swimming performance and critical thermal limits of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) tadpoles bred from adults captured at high (∼ 2000 m above sea level) and low (∼ 5 m above sea level) altitudes. Maternal origin significantly affected swimming performance. Optimal swimming performance temperature had a >9°C difference between tadpoles with low altitude maternal origins (Topt: pure- and cross-bred 35.0°C) and high altitude maternal origins (Topt: pure-bred 25.5°C, cross-bred 25.9°C). Parental origin significantly affected critical thermal limits. Pure-bred tadpoles with low altitude parental origins had higher CTmax (37.8±0.8°C) than pure-bred tadpoles with high altitude parental origins and all cross-bred tadpoles (37.0±0.8 and 37.1±0.8°C). Pure-bred tadpoles with low altitude parental origins and all cross-bred tadpoles had higher CTmin (4.2±0.7 and 4.2±0.7°C) than pure-bred tadpoles with high altitude parental origins (2.5±0.6°C). Our study shows Xenopus laevis tadpoles’ varying thermal physiological traits is the result of adaptive responses to their parental thermal environments. This study is one of few demonstrating potential intraspecific evolution of critical thermal limits in a vertebrate species. Multi-generation common garden experiments and genetic analyses would be required to further tease apart the relative contribution of plastic and genetic effects to the adaptive phenotypic variation observed in these tadpoles.

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