Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

10.3791/59594 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Giuffre ◽  
Lauran Cole ◽  
Hsing-Ching Kuo ◽  
Helen L. Carlson ◽  
Jeff Grab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Robotic Mapping

scholarly journals Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martje G. Pauly ◽  
Annika Steinmeier ◽  
Christina Bolte ◽  
Feline Hamami ◽  
Elinor Tzvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebellar Plasticity

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Tool to Investigate Motor Cortex Excitability in Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Antonietta Messina ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
Monica Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, since its introduction in 1985, has brought important innovations to the study of cortical excitability as it is a non-invasive method and, therefore, can be used both in healthy and sick subjects. Since the introduction of this cortical stimulation technique, it has been possible to deepen the neurophysiological aspects of motor activation and control. In this narrative review, we want to provide a brief overview regarding TMS as a tool to investigate changes in cortex excitability in athletes and highlight how this tool can be used to investigate the acute and chronic responses of the motor cortex in sport science. The parameters that could be used for the evaluation of cortical excitability and the relative relationship with motor coordination and muscle fatigue, will be also analyzed. Repetitive physical training is generally considered as a principal strategy for acquiring a motor skill, and this process can elicit cortical motor representational changes referred to as use-dependent plasticity. In training settings, physical practice combined with the observation of target movements can enhance cortical excitability and facilitate the process of learning. The data to date suggest that TMS is a valid technique to investigate the changes in motor cortex excitability in trained and untrained subjects. Recently, interest in the possible ergogenic effect of non-invasive brain stimulation in sport is growing and therefore in the future it could be useful to conduct new experiments to evaluate the impact on learning and motor performance of these techniques.

scholarly journals Effect of the Nicotinic α4β2-receptor Partial Agonist Varenicline on Non-invasive Brain Stimulation-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Human Motor Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 3249-3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Batsikadze ◽  
Walter Paulus ◽  
Jessica Grundey ◽  
Min-Fang Kuo ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Motor

scholarly journals Non‐invasive assessment of superficial and deep layer circuits in human motor cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (12) ◽  
pp. 2975-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kurz ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Patrick Wiegel ◽  
Christian Leukel ◽  
Stuart N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Motor

scholarly journals Non-invasive Motor Cortex Neuromodulation Reduces Secondary Hyperalgesia and Enhances Activation of the Descending Pain Modulatory Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Meeker ◽  
Michael L. Keaser ◽  
Shariq A. Khan ◽  
Rao P. Gullapalli ◽  
David A. Seminowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Secondary Hyperalgesia ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Invasive versus non‐invasive mapping of the motor cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 3970-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Weiss Lucas ◽  
Charlotte Nettekoven ◽  
Volker Neuschmelting ◽  
Ana‐Maria Oros‐Peusquens ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Non Invasive

NON-INVASIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX

The Lancet ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 325 (8437) ◽  
pp. 1106-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Barker ◽  
R. Jalinous ◽  
I.L. Freeston
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Stimulation Of
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