scholarly journals Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

10.3791/56672 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csörsz Nagy ◽  
Elisa Einwallner
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Tolerance

HYPOTHALMIC-PITUITARY ADRENAL RESPONSIVENESS TO DEXAMETHASONE-INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST IN ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH BROMOCRIPTINE

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. B. Harrower ◽  
N. McD. Davidson ◽  
P. L. Yap ◽  
I. M. Nairn ◽  
J. A. Fyffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Insulin tolerance tests were carried out in 10 acromegalic patients after 1 mg dexamethasone had been given the previous evening (DEX-ITT). Nine patients showed a rise in plasma 11-OHCS and four patients showed a rise in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. These responses were unaltered after treatment with bromocriptine 10 mg daily for two months. Basal plasma GH levels fell in 6 of the patients and the mean plasma GH levels of the 10 patients during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) fell from 63.2 ± 25.5 ng/ml before treatment to 53.0 ± 27.1 ng/ml (mean ± sem; P < 0.05). These data fail to confirm a previous report of abnormal hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal suppressibility during a DEX-ITT in acromegalic patients. They also indicate that bromocriptine does not alter the responses of plasma 11-OHCS and plasma GH to the DEX-ITT despite lowering plasma GH levels.

scholarly journals miR-22-3p is involved in gluconeogenic pathway modulated by 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Senese ◽  
Federica Cioffi ◽  
Giuseppe Petito ◽  
Pieter de Lange ◽  
Aniello Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insulin Tolerance

Abstract The 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has emerged as an active iodothyronine and its beneficial effects on glucose metabolism including glucose tolerance and insulin resistance is well established. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. Given the emerging importance of microRNAs in various metabolic diseases, in this study a possible link between the effects of T2 on glucose metabolism and miRNA expression was investigated by using an in vivo model in which T2 was administered in rats receiving a high fat diet, a condition known to impair glucose homeostasis. The results showed that T2-treated rats had a better tolerance to glucose load and a better performance at the insulin tolerance test in comparison to high fat diet animals. Interestingly, in the serum of the animals treated with T2 there was a general decrease of miRNAs with miR-22a-3p, miR-34c-5p and miR-33a-3p significantly downregulated. Furthermore, miR-22a-3p had the largest variation pointing toward its preeminent role in T2 metabolic effect. In fact, in liver there was an up-regulation of its target (Transcription Factor 7) Tcf7, which had an important impact on gluconeogenesis. This study provide, for the first time, evidences that miRNAs are involved in the effects exerted by T2 on glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yida ◽  
Mustapha Umar Imam ◽  
Maznah Ismail ◽  
Norsharina Ismail ◽  
Nur Hanisah Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
High Doses

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary Neu5Ac may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + Neu5Ac (50 or 400 mg/kg BW/day) was fed to rats and compared with HFD + simvastatin (10 mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of sialic acid (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral glucose tolerance test, serum triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + simvastatin groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in rats after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.

scholarly journals Prenatal Stress and Stress Coping Style Interact to Predict Metabolic Risk in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretha J. Boersma ◽  
Alexander A. Moghadam ◽  
Zachary A. Cordner ◽  
Kellie L. Tamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Passive Stress

Both prenatal stress (PNS) exposure and a passive stress-coping style have been identified as risk factors for insulin resistance in rats. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that PNS and stress-coping style may interact in predicting susceptibility for metabolic disease. To test this hypothesis, adult male control and PNS offspring were behaviorally characterized using a defensive burying test to have either a passive or proactive stress-coping style. In adulthood, all rats were fed either a standard chow or a high-fat diet for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of diet exposure, glucose and insulin levels were assessed during an oral glucose tolerance test. Under high-fat diet conditions, PNS rats display elevated glucose and insulin responses to the oral glucose tolerance test, indicative of glucose intolerance. Interestingly, these effects of PNS were far more pronounced in rats characterized by a passive stress-coping style. Additionally, the passively coping PNS rats also gained more weight on the high-fat diet than all other rats tested. This observation suggests that a stressful prenatal environment in combination with a passive stress-coping strategy may prime an individual to be sensitive to diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.

The long and winding TRAIL to weight loss

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-546
Author(s):  
Regje M. E. Blümer ◽  
Gregory R. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Insulin Tolerance Test ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tnf Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

TRAIL [TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand] is in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. In the present issue of Clinical Science, Bernardi and co-workers report that the administration of TRAIL in mice fed on a high-fat diet resulted in reduced adiposity and improved metabolic responses to a glucose and insulin tolerance test compared with mice without TRAIL. The metabolic improvements were associated with a higher rate of apoptotic fat cells and with a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that TRAIL could be an exciting new therapeutic for treating obesity, but further studies are required to determine its major mechanisms of action.

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