scholarly journals Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

10.3791/2241 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Magharious ◽  
Philippe M. D'Onofrio ◽  
Paulo D. Koeberle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adult Neuron ◽  
Optic Nerve Transection ◽  
Neuron Apoptosis

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Synaptic connections made by axons regenerating in the central nervous system of adult mammals

1990 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
A. J. Aguayo ◽  
G. M. Bray ◽  
M. Rasminsky ◽  
T. Zwimpfer ◽  
D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Well Differentiated

The restoration of connections in the injured central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals is hindered by the failure of axons to grow back to their natural fields of innervation. Following transection of the optic nerve of adult rodents, the guided regeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons along a transplanted segment of peripheral nerve (PN) has shown that these neurones retain their capacities to form well-differentiated synapses in both normal and abnormal targets. The main aim of this review is to describe the anatomical and functional characteristics of some of these connections and to suggest that their terminal distribution and morphology may be the result of a persistence in these targets of molecular determinants that influence normal connectivity in the intact animal.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Azari Jafari ◽  
Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by intermittent and recurrent episodes of inflammation that result in the demyelination and subsequent damage of the underlying axons present in the brain, optic nerve and spinal cord [1][2][3].

Central origin of the efferent neurons projecting to the eyes of Limulus polyphemus

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Calman ◽  
B.- A. Battelle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractCircadian rhythms affect the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the visual cells in the eyes of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). These rhythms are mediated by the activity of efferent neurons that project from the central nervous system to all of the eyes. In this study, the optic nerves of Limulus were backfilled with Neurobiotin revealing the location of efferent cell bodies and their projections through the central nervous system. We propose that this efferent system mediates the circadian changes in visual functions in Limulus. Whether these cells are the circadian pacemaker neurons is unknown.The cell bodies of the efferent neurons are ovoid and have a diameter of 40−80 μm. They lie within the cheliceral ganglion of the tritocerebrum, just posterior to the protocerebrum. This ganglion is on the lateral edge of the circumesophageal ring, near the middle of the dorsal-ventral axis of the ring. Each optic nerve contains axons from both ipsilateral and contralateral efferent cells, and some, possibly all, of them project bilaterally and to more than one type of optic nerve.The efferent axons form a tract that projects anteriorly from the cell bodies to the protocerebrum, and bifurcates just lateral to the protocerebral bridge. One branch crosses the midline and projects anteriorly to the optic tract and medulla on the side contralateral to the cell of origin; the other branch follows a symmetric pathway on the ipsilateral side. Small branches arising from the major efferent axons in the optic tract project through the ocellar ganglia to the median optic nerves. The efferent axons branch again in the medulla, and some of these branches innervate the ventral optic nerves. The major branches of the efferent axons continue through the lamina and enter the lateral optic nerve.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HEREDITARY OPTICAL LEBER’S NEUROPATHY. CLINICAL CASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Azalia Aisarovna Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Leonid Sergeevich Zemlyanushin ◽  
Elvira Aysarovna Vashkulatova ◽  
Sofia Mikhailovna Zemlyanushina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hereditary Optic Atrophy

The article discusses a clinical case of demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis in combination with Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy of the optic nerve (Harding syndrome). The debut of the disease at the age of 24 in the form of a simultaneous bilateral decrease in vision, with subsequent atrophy of the optic nerves in both eyes. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was confi rmed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of Leber’s disease was confi rmed by genetic testing. An important point in the diff erential diagnosis was the identifi cation of the G3460A mutation in the ND1 gene and intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G.

scholarly journals Septo-optic dysplasia with cerebellar hemiagenesis - a rare congenital malformation.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽  
Tariq A. Gojwari ◽  
Feroze A. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia ◽  
Absent Septum Pellucidum

Septo-optic dysplasia (De morsier’s syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation of the central nervous system and represents a clinical spectrum rather than a specific entity. It is defined by any combination of pituitary hypoplasia with or without consequent panhypopituitarism,optic nerve hypoplasia and midline neurological abnormalities such as absent septum pellucidum and corpus collasum agenesis or thinning. Septo-optic dysplasia with associated cerebellar hemiagenesis is a much rarer congenital anomaly and may represent one end of this spectrum.

scholarly journals Presence of an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like epitope in the 150,000 dalton neurofilament subunit from diverse regions of the central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and immunoblot study in guinea pig.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Q Trojanowski ◽  
R A Stone ◽  
V M Lee
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the two higher molecular weight neurofilament (NF) subunits (NF200 and NF150), and antiserum to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) were used to probe the distribution of an alpha-MSH-like epitope in NF proteins of the guinea pig central nervous system using immunoblot and immunohistochemical methods. The anti-alpha-MSH antiserum recognized the same protein band as an anti-NF150 monoclonal antibody in immunoblots of proteins extracted from guinea pig cerebellum, spinal cord, retina, optic nerve, and neurohypophysis; it also stained axons and dendrites in sections of cerebellum, retina, and optic nerve. Although all cells of the pars intermedia and some in the pars distalis exhibited immunoreactivity with this antiserum, it did not stain axons in the neurohypophysis. Our immunoblot data demonstrate an alpha-MSH-like epitope in NF150 extracted from each of the regions studied. The lack of in situ recognition of this alpha-MSH-like epitope in neurophypophyseal axons, using the same immunohistochemical methods that demonstrate this epitope in axons of the cerebellum, retina, and optic nerve, suggests that NF150 is immunochemically heterogeneous in different regions of the guinea pig central nervous system.

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