scholarly journals Losing Access to Care: Your Pharmacy is Closing

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Michael Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Health Department ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Loma Linda University ◽  
Big Box ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
The U.S

Many folks who have a minor ailment, a question about medicines, or a health concern in general often stop by their local pharmacy to ask the pharmacist for advice. I grew up in a rural area of Southern Illinois that did not have a fulltime physician. The health department clinic was only open on select mornings each week to administer vaccines. The pharmacist was the only healthcare professional that my family could easily see within 30 miles. Regardless of where we live, we've likely taken for granted that there is a pharmacy nearby. Today those pharmacies are often owned by CVS or Walgreens or are situated in a grocery store or big box retailer like Wal-Mart, Costco or Target. Health systems like Loma Linda University Health also own community pharmacies. There are still nearly 22,000 privately owned pharmacies in the U.S.

Preparing pharmacists to increase naloxone dispensing within community pharmacies under the Pennsylvania standing order

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M Santa ◽  
Samira G Amirova ◽  
Daniel J Ventricelli ◽  
George E Downs ◽  
Alexandra A Nowalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Overdose Prevention ◽  
Standing Order ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Abstract Purpose Opioid misuse and overdose deaths remain a public health concern in the United States. Pennsylvania has one of the highest rates of opioid overdose deaths in the country, with Philadelphia County’s being 3 times higher than the national average. Despite several multimodal interventions, including use of SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment) methods and naloxone distribution, the rate of overdose deaths remains high. Methods To gain insights on strategies for improving access to naloxone and naloxone distribution by pharmacists in Philadelphia County, a study was conducted in 11 community pharmacies (chain and independent) in Philadelphia. Twenty-four pharmacists were recruited and completed SBIRT and naloxone trainings. Each pharmacy elected to have at least 1 pharmacy champion who received additional training on and helped develop pharmacy site–specific naloxone dispensing protocols. Results Pre-post survey results showed a reduction in stigmatizing attitudes regarding naloxone dispensing and an increase in pharmacists’ understanding of the standing order and appropriate naloxone use. There was an increase in pharmacists’ self-reported confidence in their ability to appropriately identify, discuss, and dispense naloxone to patients. All pharmacies increased their average monthly dispensing rate following protocol implementation. Conclusion Pharmacists who received both trainings were more likely to change naloxone dispensing practices, leading to an overall increase in naloxone dispensing by community pharmacists. The study addressed overall gaps in pharmacists’ knowledge, reduced stigma, and prepared pharmacists to address opioid use and overdose prevention with their patients. The described pharmacist-led patient counseling and intervention service for overdose prevention may be explored as a model for other community pharmacies to adopt to improve naloxone dispensing and similar interventions to reduce overdose deaths.

Whole-genome analysis-based phylogeographic investigation of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A sequence type 320 isolates in Japan.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakano ◽  
Takao Fujisawa ◽  
Bin Chang ◽  
Yutaka Ito ◽  
Hideki Akeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
The Common ◽  
The U.S

After the introduction of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the global spread of multidrug resistant serotype 19A-ST320 strains became a public health concern. In Japan, the main genotype of serotype 19A was ST3111, and the identification rate of ST320 was low. Although the isolates were sporadically detected in both adults and children, their origin remains unknown. Thus, by combining pneumococcal isolates collected in three nationwide pneumococcal surveillance studies conducted in Japan between 2008 and 2020, we analyzed 56 serotype 19A-ST320 isolates along with 931 global isolates, using whole-genome sequencing to uncover the transmission route of the globally distributed clone in Japan. The clone was frequently detected in Okinawa Prefecture, where the U.S. returned to Japan in 1972. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolates from Japan were genetically related to those from the U.S.; therefore, the common ancestor may have originated in the U.S. In addition, Bayesian analysis suggested that the time to the most recent common ancestor of the isolates form Japan and the U.S. was approximately the 1990s to 2000, suggesting the possibility that the common ancestor could have already spread in the U.S. before the Taiwan 19F-14 isolate was first identified in a Taiwanese hospital in 1997. The phylogeographical analysis supported the transmission of the clone from the U.S. to Japan, but the analysis could be influenced by sampling bias. These results suggested the possibility that the serotype 19A-ST320 clone had already spread in the U.S. before being imported into Japan.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of dengue fever in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Qamash ◽  
Johar Jamil ◽  
Faheem Ahmed Khan ◽  
Saira ◽  
Ambareen Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
The Public

Abstract Dengue is a viral disease which is serious health concern from last few decades and the infection transmitted through mosquito bite into human. This study was conducted to carry out prevalence of dengue fever in District Swabi. A total of 196 blood sample were collected from patients with age ranges (0-80 years) having dengue fever on the basis of physical symptoms from Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi during August to October 2017. Serological test were performed for detection of IgM, IgG and NS1 (Non structural protein antigen of virus) against dengue. Out of total 196 confirmed dengue cases the most prone gender was male 123(62%) while 73(38%) were female. Among the age groups; 21-30 years group 62 (31.6%) was found the most predominated age group. The higly affected areas in district Swabi were Topi (40.8%) followed by Main Swabi (27%), Maneri (8.2%), Marghuz (6%), Shawa Ada (5.1%), Shah Mansoor (5.1%), Gohati (4.1%), and Chota Lahore (3.6%). Therefore, the health department should take actions by educating the public about basic cleanliness of the environment. The community should be encouraged to participate in the control of such vector based diseases/infections.

scholarly journals ENDOGENOUS FIRM ENTRY IN AN ESTIMATED MODEL OF THE U.S. BUSINESS CYCLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Offick ◽  
Roland C. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Amplification Mechanism ◽  
Business Cycle Model ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Real Business Cycle Model

A recent theoretical literature highlights the role of endogenous firm entry as an internal amplification mechanism of business cycle fluctuations. The amplification mechanism works through the competition effect (CE) and the variety effect (VE). This paper tests the significance of this amplification mechanism, quantifies its importance, and disentangles the CE and VE. To this end, we estimate a medium-scale real business cycle model with firm entry for the U.S. economy. The CE and VE are estimated to be statistically significant. Together, they amplify the volatility of output by 8.5% relative to a model in which both effects are switched off. The CE accounts for most amplification, whereas the VE only plays a minor role.

scholarly journals Developing Regional Input-Output Models from the U.N. Format Adopted by the U.S. In the New 1972 Input-Output Model: Comment

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
Mark Henry
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Algebraic Error ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

In a recent article in this journal, DiPietre, Walker, and Martella presented the derivation of the Total Requirements Tables for the 1972 U.S. input-output study. As this same derivation is available from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, it is unfortunate that the article contains a minor algebraic error.The error is made in the derivation of equation 7 in the article and is carried through equations 8 and 9.

The Allocation of Death in the Afghanistan War: An International Public Choice Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Franklin G. Mixon
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Afghanistan War ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Public Choice Perspective ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A classic study by Goff - Tollison [1987] finds empirical support for the idea that variations in Vietnam War (1965-1971) casualties across the U.S. states were a function of variations in political influence across the U.S. states wielded by members of the U.S. Congress, as more senior and influential federal legislators were in a position to have soldiers transferred from combat zones to safer areas. This study revisits this issue by investigating the allocation of death among the minor participating countries in the Afghanistan War (2001- present) against the backdrop of political influence wielded by high-ranking officials in the United Nations, as well as political pressure borne out of important fiscal and commercial relationships between the U.S. and other nations. Results from a hurdle model suggest that possession of high-ranking posts within the U.N. provides the political influence necessary to reduce military deaths among the minor participating countries that occupy them. The results also suggest that maintaining a free trade relationship with the U.S., or being the recipient of U.S. aid, puts political pressure on a minor participating country to place combatants in harm's way in a war being led by the U.S.

scholarly journals State Health Department Perceived Utility of and Satisfaction with ArboNET, the U.S. National Arboviral Surveillance System

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole P. Lindsey ◽  
Jennifer A. Brown ◽  
Lon Kightlinger ◽  
Lauren Rosenberg ◽  
Marc Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
State Health ◽  
State Health Department ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Arboviral Disease ◽  
The U.S

Objectives. We assessed the perceived utility of data collected through ArboNET, the national arboviral surveillance system, and evaluated state health department user satisfaction with system function. Methods. We used an online assessment tool to collect information about types of arboviral surveillance conducted, user satisfaction with ArboNET's performance, and use of data collected by the system. Representatives of all 53 reporting jurisdictions were asked to complete the assessment during spring 2009. Results. Representatives of 48 (91%) jurisdictions completed the assessment. Two-thirds of respondents were satisfied with ArboNET's overall performance. Most concerns were related to data transmission, particularly the lack of compatibility with the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS). Users found mosquito (85%), human disease (80%), viremic blood donor (79%), and veterinary disease (75%) surveillance data to be useful. While there was disagreement about the usefulness of avian mortality and sentinel animal surveillance, only 15% of users supported eliminating these categories. Respondents found weekly maps and tables posted on the U.S. Geological Survey (92%) and CDC (88%) websites to be the most useful reports generated from ArboNET data. Although many jurisdictions were willing to report additional clinical or laboratory data, time and resource constraints were considerations. Most respondents (71%) supported review and possible revision of the national case definition for human arboviral disease. Conclusions. As a result of this assessment, CDC and partner organizations have made ArboNET NEDSS-compatible and revised national case definitions for arboviral disease. Alternative data-sharing and reporting options are also being considered. Continued evaluation of ArboNET will help ensure that it continues to be a useful tool for national arboviral disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Over-The-Counter Codeine: Can Community Pharmacy Staff Nudge Customers into Its Safe and Appropriate Use?

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Sapana Mody ◽  
Charlotte L. Kirkdale ◽  
Tracey Thornley ◽  
Aimi Dickinson ◽  
Anthony J. Avery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Web Based

The misuse of opioids, including codeine which is sold over-the-counter (OTC) in United Kingdom (UK) community pharmacies, is a growing public health concern. An educational Patient Safety Card was developed and piloted to see if it nudged customers into the safe and appropriate use of OTC codeine. Exploratory analysis was conducted by (i) recording quantitative interactions for people requesting OTC codeine in community pharmacies; and (ii) a web-based pharmacy staff survey. Twenty-four pharmacies submitted data on 3993 interactions using the Patient Safety Card. Staff found the majority of interactions (91.3%) to be very or quite easy. Following an interaction using the card, customers known to pharmacy staff as frequent purchasers of OTC codeine were more likely not to purchase a pain relief medicine compared to customers not known to staff (5.5% of known customers did not purchase any pain relief product versus 1.1% for unknown customers (χ2 = 41.73, df = 1, p < 0.001)). These results support both the use of a visual educational intervention to encourage appropriate use of OTC codeine in community pharmacy and the principles behind better self-care.

scholarly journals On Estimating the Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Tragedy on the U.S. Frozen Seafood Market: A Conditional Almost Ideal Demand System Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4191
Author(s):  
Steven S. Vickner
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The present study addresses the impact of the Deepwater Horizon event on the U.S. frozen fish and shellfish markets. Given a demand system approach, trends in consumption were carefully measured and tested while controlling for own price, cross price, and conditional expenditure effects as well as autocorrelation. Consumption trends beginning the first week of the data set were unaltered by the event. Moreover, the effect of the event was not statistically significant in either demand system. The aggregate national data for the grocery store distribution channel, which includes mostly imported seafood and some domestic aquaculture-sourced seafood, likely contributes to these findings of lack of avoidance behavior.

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