The More the Merrier? Detecting Impacts of Bank Regulation After the Global Financial Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Christian Kalhoefer ◽  
Guenter Lang

Abstract Governments worldwide reacted swiftly to the global financial crisis by tougher regulations. This paper investigates the impacts of the regulatory environment on operating costs using panel data of 2,200 German banks over the timeframe from 1999 to 2014. We estimate cost functions with and without proxies for regulation and analyze the results with respect to period, bank size, and group affiliation. Our results show that regulatory costs were peaking in 2001, 2008, and lately since 2012. Most interesting, however, is the asymmetry of regulation: Whereas the cost effects were symmetric for all banks until 2003, the last ten years were different. Larger institutions and savings banks could neutralize the impacts of increasing regulation on operating costs. In contrast, smaller banks, especially if they are cooperative banks, were facing significant cost increases. We therefore expect unintended structural shifts like a reduction in the diversity of banks, which are negative for competition, service quality, and for the stability of the financial system. Zusammenfassung Weltweit wurde als Folge der globalen Finanzkrise die Regulierung des Finanzsektors verschärft. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Konsequenzen diese Regulierungsmaßnahmen für die operativen Kosten im Bankengeschäft haben. Auf der Basis von Paneldaten von 2,200 in Deutschland aktiven Banken über den Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2014 schätzen wir Kostenfunktionen mit und ohne Proxies für Regulierung und werten die Ergebnisse nach Beobachtungsjahr, Bankengröße, und Gruppenzugehörigkeit aus. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen Kostenspitzen in den Jahren 2001, 2008, und zuletzt seit 2012. Am interessantesten sind jedoch die asymmetrischen Effekte der Bankenregulierung: Während unsere Modelle bis einschließlich 2003 nahezu gleichmäßige Kostenbelastungen anzeigen, änderte sich dies deutlich mit dem Jahr 2004. Im Gegensatz zu großen Institute und Sparkassen, die die Regulierungskosten nahezu neutralisieren konnten, sahen sich kleine Institute und Genossenschaftsbanken mit deutlichen Kostensteigerungen konfrontiert. Als Folge dieser asymmetrischen Kostenwirkungen staatlicher Bankenregulierung erwarten wir unbeabsichtigte Strukturveränderungen wie z.B. Konzentrationsprozesse, die sich negativ auf Wettbewerb, Dienstleistungsqualität, und letztendlich auch negativ auf die Stabilität des gesamten Finanzsystems auswirken werden. JEL Classification: G21, G38

Bankarstvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
Milena Lazić ◽  
Ksenija Zorčić

Having drawn attention to the existing banking regulation issues, the Global Financial Crisis also raised awareness of the importance of depositors' confidence for the stability of the financial system, and brought the role and significance of the deposit guarantee schemes to the fore. Serbian economy started experiencing its effects in Q4 2008, in parallel with the global spreading of the crisis. This paper focuses on the fluctuations in deposit levels and structure in the Serbian banking system, between 2008 and 2019. It also aims to underscore the importance and development perspectives of the Serbian deposit guarantee scheme.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1042-1062
Author(s):  
Andreas Rühmkorf ◽  
Felix Spindler ◽  
Navajyoti Samanta

Purpose This paper aims to address the evolution of corporate governance in Germany with a particular regard to whether there can be observed a gradual convergence to a shareholder primacy corporate governance system. Design/methodology/approach To investigate a potential shift of the German corporate governance system to an Anglo-American tiled corporate governance system, the authors have empirically assessed on a polynomial base 52 separate company and corporate governance variables for 20 years (1995-2014). Findings This research suggests that a gradual convergence has taken place prior to the global financial crisis. However, the results suggest that the convergence process experienced a slowdown in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, which may be linked to the stability of the German corporate governance system during the global financial crisis and the political environment during this time. Originality/value This paper contributes to the research by not only analysing the development of the German corporate governance system but also identifying new reasons for this development and explaining why a new convergence process may be observed in the future again.


Author(s):  
Stelios Bekiros ◽  
Duc Khuong Nguyen ◽  
Gazi Salah Uddin ◽  
Bo Sjö

AbstractThe introduction of Euro currency was a game-changing event intended to induce convergence of Eurozone business cycles on the basis of greater monetary and fiscal integration. The benefit of participating into a common currency area exceeds the cost of losing autonomy in national monetary policy only in case of cycle co-movement. However, synchronization was put back mainly due to country-specific differences and asymmetries in terms of trade and fiscal policies that became profound at the outset of the global financial crisis. As opposed to previous studies that are mostly based on linear correlation or causality modeling, we utilize the cross-wavelet coherence measure to detect and identify the scale-dependent time-varying (de)synchronization effects amongst Eurozone and the broad Euro area business cycles before and after the financial crisis. Our results suggest that the enforcement of an active monetary policy by the ECB during crisis periods could provide an effective stabilization instrument for the entire Euro area. However, as dynamic patterns in the lead-lag relationships of the European economies are revealed, (de)synchronization varies across different frequency bands and time horizons.


2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Patrick Farrell

While the current financial crisis is widely acknowledged to be global, surprisingly little attention has been paid to its effect on one of the largest players in the global economy. China has weathered the crisis extremely well, though its growth has slowed slightly. I will analyze this by looking at China’s purchases of debt, the Chinese holdings of debt in the United States and its growing holdings in Europe, and the policy decisions directing this. This shows an intriguing change in the policy decisions that led to China becoming such a large holder of American debt. China amassed its large holdings of debt from the United States by merit of the strong trade relationship between the two countries, as well as the stability of the U.S. dollar. However, China’s interest in buying up Italian debt and forming stronger bonds with other Eurozone and European countries seems to speak to a different motive. Rather than allowing its reserves of foreign capital to grow over time, as it did with its U.S. debt, China is making a more aggressive move in this case. Thanks to its relative stability during the crisis, I believe this shows us that China is seeking to both ensure the continued security of its economic growth and increase its economic influence, thus using the instability of the global financial crisis to kill two birds with one stone.


2021 ◽  
pp. 079160352110532
Author(s):  
Zach Roche

To avoid a ‘tsunami’ of repossessions in the years following the global financial crisis, Ireland reformed its system of debt relief in 2013. For the first time Ireland was to have a state-of-the-art system to help debtors discharge their unpayable liabilities, at odds with the punitive Victorian system of bankruptcy which preceded it. While these changes were touted as ground-breaking and innovative, I demonstrate through original qualitative research with debtors, and the Insolvency Service of Ireland's (ISI's) operators that little has changed. When disaster strikes and debtors fall behind on payments, they are encouraged to undergo a process of soul searching and self-criticism involving reflection on their behaviour and finances. This article explores how this governmentalisation of debt and its relief creates responsible financial subjects fit for the market, simultaneously ensuring the stability of the fragile Irish credit system. The insolvency practitioners who run the service advise that only by confessing their wrongdoing (i.e. irresponsible spending), and making lasting change can they become worthy of debt relief.


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-271
Author(s):  
Ivo Arnold

Abstract This paper examines the strategic response of the Dutch bank ING to the global financial crisis. Prior to the crisis, ING was a prominent global exponent of direct banking, using the so-called pure play internet (PPI) business model. PPI banking is a hybrid business model that combines features of relationship and transaction banking. Downsides of this business model are that it may lead to overexposure in securities and that it may attract savers that have an above-average sensitivity to interest rates or risk. Using data on the geographical activities of ING, the timeline of relevant events in the history of ING and strategy statements of ING management, we examine how ING has responded to the strategic challenges of the crisis. We conclude that PPI banking should be viewed more as a market penetration strategy than as a full-blown business model that is tenable in the long run. JEL Classification: G01, G21


2021 ◽  
pp. 263168462110320
Author(s):  
Biswajit Nag ◽  
Partha Ray

This article seeks to explore the relationship between the global financial crisis (2007–2009) and the East Asian crisis (1997–1999) via the contribution of select East Asian countries, which led to the formation of the ‘global imbalance’, that is, experience of substantial and consistent current account surplus. Taking a cue from Bernanke’s ‘savings glut’ hypothesis, which has held ‘global imbalance’ to be a factor behind the global financial crisis, specifically, the article argues that in these countries, the nature of current account balance has undergone a sea change since the end of the 1990s. They also accumulated a substantial amount of foreign exchange reserves since then along with a major shift of trade regime and consequent trade surplus in all these countries. The article conjectures that the mishandling of the rescue package by International Monetary Fund could have induced them to go aggressively for accumulation of forex reserves. Thus, the two crises separated by a decade and in different continents are, indeed, linked through providing an incentive for brewing up of global imbalance via an activist trade policy in select East Asian countries. Seen in this context and from this standpoint, the two crises, indeed, appear to be close siblings! JEL Classification: F41, F62, O53


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