Impact of Governance on FDI: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Regression Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Fabian Reck
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
World Governance Indicators

This paper analyzes the effect of world governance indicators on inward foreign direct investment. The sample covers 38 developed and 82 developing countries between 2002 and 2018. The results of the system GMM regressions suggest that governance indicators are important determinants of inward FDI for developed countries. Moreover, it is shown that it is important to control for dynamic effects. In comparison, for developing countries, other country characteristics – the mean tariff rate – are more important than the institutional setting.

scholarly journals Does Conditionality on Borrowing Help?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Prince Eyi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
Using Data ◽  
External Development

<p>Borrowers of international financial institutions (IFIs) have both interest and conditionality to deal with. Using data from the World Governance Indicators (WGI), we investigated the influence of conditionality on borrowers. By applying a (RED) dynamic panel regression method, we found compelling evidence, which supports our intuition that conditionality increases the debt burden of borrowing countries. However, this was not the case for all the indebted countries. Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) had some of their external commitments reduced when they agreed to implement some sets of conditionality. In light of these findings, we posit that the advocated structural reforms which is used, as a justification for prescribing conditionality does not materialize as planned. It however, erodes the capacity of borrower countries toward their debt servicing obligations. A direct consequence is their (RED) incessant need for external development assistance. Results of the study also proved robust.</p>

scholarly journals Service Export Sensitivity to Internet Adoption: Evidence From Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Walid Chatti ◽  
Haitham Khoj
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Internet Adoption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Service Export

This study aims to examine the causal linkages relating service exports to internet penetration for 116 countries over the period 2000-2017. Taking into account a wide panel of countries, we apply 2-Step GMM methodology for dynamic panel data models. The results show a bi-directional causality relating service exports to internet adoption for developed countries. For the global panel and developing countries, we find those same results attest a positive relationship between the internet adoption and service exports, but in the opposite way; the impact is very low and not significant. Regarding developing countries, despite the fact that internet positively affects service exports, it is considered less efficient than in developed countries.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the outcome of neonates with anorectal malformation in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Nisar ◽  
Asad Iqbal ◽  
Noshela Javed ◽  
Samer Sikander ◽  
Sadia Asmat Burki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Mean

Background: The survival and outcome of neonates with anorectal malformations (ARM) have much improved in the developed countries due to optimal perioperative and postoperative care but in developing countries, sepsis, low birth weight, delayed presentation, and lack of intensive care for neonates are still important in affecting the outcome. This study was carried out to evaluate factors of poor outcome (mortality) in neonates with ARM. Method: This is a prospective analytical study. A total of 44 consecutive neonates with Anorectal malformations (ARM) presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, were included. Variables studied included age at presentation, gender, birth weight, type of malformation, sepsis at presentation, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications, and their relationship to the outcome. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 44 neonates with ARM were included in the study. In the study population, 56.8 % (25) were males and 43.2% (19) were females. The mean age at presentation was 2.1 ± 0.5 days. The mean birth weight was 2.5 ± 0.6 kg. Overall mortality was 29.5% (13) with 13.63% (6) patients died pre-operatively. The most common cause of death in postoperative patients was sepsis (40%). There was a statistically significant relationship between low birth weight (P= <0.01) and sepsis at presentation (P=0.001) with mortality. No statistically significant association was found when the outcome was compared with age at presentation (P=0.21) and postoperative complications (P=0.16). Conclusion: In developing countries, the lack of resources, lack of trained midwives/LHVs, intensive care are contributing factors to sepsis and delayed presentation, and ultimately mortality. Good antenatal care, awareness of the midwives/Lady Health Visitors to refer such patients in time, and provision of adequate intensive care can improve the outcome of surgery in ARMs.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Education Mobility and Globalization: Evidence from Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Justice Ackom Baah ◽  
Joseph Eshun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Intergenerational Education

The issue of economic mobility among generations continues to be one of the understudied areas, especially in developing countries. Economic mobility usually referred to as Intergenerational Mobility (IM) studies the movement of individuals along the economic ladder. This paper relied on intergenerational education mobility to study into economic mobility in the Ghanaian setting. The paper, therefore, contributes to rarer existing literature on IGM in Ghana. Relying on random and fixed effect regression models, the study reveals that, economic mobility in Ghana is one of the lowest in the world far below economic mobility in countries like Turkey and Italy and far below economic mobility in developed countries like the US. The paper further reveals the significant role of globalization on IGM, highlighting a very important role of globalization in the lives of people. It is therefore recommended that to bolster the welfare of individuals, policymakers need to consider policies that are also aimed at expanding globalization. Moreover, the paper reveals that FDI and expansionary fiscal policy plays crucial roles in the economic mobility of individuals while unemployment has an exactly opposite effect on IGM.

Governance and Capital Accumulation under Globalization

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Utpal Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sustaining good governance is necessarily required for all countries in the world after the phase of globalization, especially when almost the entire world is struck by the global financial crisis originated from the USA. The present study tries to concentrate upon establishing an interlinkage among capital accumulation of a sample of countries with principal components of governance for the time period 1996-2012. Correlation analysis along with the Granger Causality test is applied to identify directions of causalities among capital formation and all the governance indicators. The study observes an inverse relation between governance indicators and capital accumulation for majority of the developing countries and in some cases positive relations for developed countries. Besides, it is observed that there are causal relations from capital formation to governance in most of the developed countries whereas in most of the developing countries there are causalities from governance to capital formation.

The beta and simplex regression models to explain homicides in state capitals of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Gauss M. Cordeiro ◽  
Enivaldo Rocha ◽  
Dalson Figueiredo ◽  
Antônio Fernandes ◽  
Edwin M.M. Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
R Package ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
The Mean

The intentional killing of one human being by its own kind is considered the worst of the crimes. Therefore, homicide prevention is a major concern for policy makers in both developing and developed countries. We propose regression modeling for the homicide rates in Brazil along with appropriately chosen distributions for these responses that are in agreement with the restriction of values to the unit interval. We adopt the beta and simplex regression models with systematic components for the mean and dispersion parameters to explain the homicide rates in 27 state capitals of Brazil from the following explanatory variables: time, Gini coefficient, municipal human development index (MHDI), illiteracy and poverty rates. We employ standard likelihood techniques, perform influence and residual analysis and calculate goodness-of-fit statistics to select the best regression to explain homicides rates in these capitals. We perform the computations in the R package. The main results suggest the following: the mean homicide rate is increasing over time; there is a negative correlation between MHDI and murder rate; the poverty has a quite small negative impact on the mean homicide rates in the beta regression. The Gini coefficient and the illiteracy and poverty rates explain the dispersion of the homicide rates.

Remittance and poverty in developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajul Ariffin Masron ◽  
Yogeeswari Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimator ◽  
Household Incomes

Purpose Remittances to developing countries, especially less developed countries, have been growing tremendously as compared to the past few decades. Nevertheless, whether they can be a critical source of poverty alleviation in developing countries is yet to be conclusively studied. Therefore, this study investigates the implications of remittances on poverty in 44 developing countries from 2006 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach A dynamic panel estimator is applied to examine remittances – poverty nexus. Findings The results provide strong evidence that the level of poverty tends to be lower in countries with a higher flow of remittances. This may be because of the increase in the household incomes of the poor by virtue of the remittance, and/or the money remitted might be channeled to more productive activities, indicating the powerful role of remittances to maintain a sustainable reduction in poverty. Originality/value Although there is no direct policy applicable to remittances, several areas might be good to be assisted and improved by the government.

Gender, Marital Status, and Mental Health: A Test of the Sex Role Hypothesis in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1899-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Strohschein ◽  
Usha Ram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Binomial Regression

Received wisdom says marriage correlates with better health, but men derive a greater benefit than do women. These perceptions persist even though the latter, known as the sex role hypothesis, no longer receives unqualified support. Some researchers attribute declining evidence for the sex role hypothesis to greater gender equality. Such arguments, however, may best apply to Western, developed countries where gains in women’s status have been largest. To date, few researchers have explored these issues in non-Western, developing countries. This study is the first to explore sex-specific differences in the association between marital status and mental health in India, a country with high levels of gender inequality. Data come from the Youth in India Situation and Needs survey, with analysis restricted to 19,163 young adults aged 20 to 24. Results from negative binomial regression models supported the sex role hypothesis. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Do larger boards improve shareholder value creation? – Effects of the board size on business performance in Eastern Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-279
Author(s):  
Zsolt Lakatos
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Panel Regression Models

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyse the impact of board size on a firms' operational and market performance at the largest East Central European listed non-financial, non-public utility firms. The literature debates the effects of the size of the board. While the resource dependency theory supports a positive effect, the agency theory supports a negative impact on firm value. This question is rarely investigated in two-tiered corporate governance models. This paper estimates the effects of management board and supervisory board size, between 2007 and 2016. The results indicate that the effect of management board size depends heavily on the size of the observed company. In both fixed effects and GMM-type dynamic panel regression models, using Tobin's Q, market-to-book ratio, total shareholder value and ROA as firm performance measures, increase in management board size has a significant positive impact on firm performance; however, in the case of larger firms, the effect is significantly negative. Moreover, the increase in the ratio of outside directors has a positive impact on the firm's performance in all dynamic panel regression models and this effect is even more significant in Tobin's Q and market-to-book ratio models. This can indicate the effective monitoring role of the supervisory board.

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