scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF COLONIC POLYPOIDAL COLONIC FORMATIONS IN A REVERSE ENDOSCOPIC STUDY. THE EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE CLINICAL CENTER

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Septimiu Alexandru ◽  
◽  
Florin Dan Ungureanu ◽  
Cosmin Moldovan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Endoscopic Study ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objectives. The present study has highlighted the number of tumoral protruzive formations found overall, in a sample of a population that is targeted at a hospital for a varied symptomatology study with patients admitted in the hospital, and not on a lot presumed healthy (without clinical symptoms), as in the case of screening. Material and method. The research was conducted as observational longitudinal study, on a 2000 investigations performed on patients hospitalised in the Witting Clinical Hospital between January 2009 and January 2017. Results. A number of patients out of 2000 colonoscopies were found with 594 tumor formations; of these, 148 have been identified (24.9%) cases of colon cancer 446 75%) and formations (of type polypoid. Conclusions. The study was able to identify more parameters with statistical significance, such as the number of colonoscopies which has varied in relation to the sex of the subjects investigated, the age of patients with colorectal cancer on age levels. The study also show that both sexes cancer occurs at a higher age than the occurrence of polyps, which suggests that early detection of polyps and resection can stop their malignization. Distribution of poliypectomies in relation to the type and degree of polyp malignization varied not statistically significant for both unique and multiple polyps, the maximum frequency being recorded at low dysplasia. Note that in the case of singular polyp, frequency of polyps with high-grade dysplasia was double compared to that recorded for multiple polyps (9% vs. 4%).

CD133/CD166/Ki-67 Triple Immunouorescence Assessment for Putative Cancer Stem Cells in Colon Carcinoma*

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiu Margaritescu ◽  
Daniel Pirici ◽  
Irina Cherciu ◽  
Alexandru Barbalan ◽  
Tatiana Cârtâna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Colon Carcinoma ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
High Grade Dysplasia ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer represents the third most common malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The existence of drug-resistant colon cancer stem cells is thought to be one of the most important reasons behind treatment failure in colon cancer, their existence putatively leading to metastasis and recurrences. The aim of our study was to investigate the immunoexpression patterns of CD133 and CD166 in colon carcinoma, both individually and in combination, assessing their significance as prognostic markers.Methods. A total of 45 retrospective colon adenocarcinoma cases were investigated by enzymatic and multiple fluorescence immunohistochemistry for their CD133 and CD166 expression and colocalization.Results. Both CD133 and CD166 were expressed to different extents in all cancer specimens, with apredominant cytoplasmic pattern for CD133 and a more obvious membranous-like pattern for CD166.Overall, when comparing their reactivity for the tumoral tissue, CD166 expression areas seemed to be smaller than those of CD133. However, there was a direct correlation between CD133 and CD166 expression levels throughout the entire spectrum of lesions, with higher values for dysplastic lesions. Colocalization of CD133/ CD166 was obvious at the level of cells membranes, with higher coeficients in high grade dysplasia, followed by well and moderate differentiated tumours.Conclusions. CD133/CD166 colocalization is an early event occurring in colon tumorigenesis, with thehighest coeficients recorded for patients with high grade dysplasia, followed by well differentiated tumours. Thus, we consider that the coexpression of these two markers could be useful for further prognostic andtherapeutically stratification of patients with colon cancer.Abbreviations: AJCC - American Joint Committee on Cancer; CCD - charge-coupled device camera sensor; CD133 - prominin-1 (PROM1); CD166 - Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM); CRC - colorectal cancer; CSC - cancer stem cells; DAB - 3,3'-diaminobenzidine chromogen; DAPI - 4',6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole; HE - Hematoxylin and eosin staining; HGD - high grade dysplasia; HRP - horseradish peroxidase; LGD - low grade dysplasia; SDS - sodium dodecyl sulfate*Part of this work has been accepted as a poster presentation at the Digestive Disease Week (DDW) meeting, Chicago, IL, USA May 3-6, 2014

scholarly journals Clinicopathological features of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients regarding somatic genetic mutations especially in KRAS gene and microsatellite instability status: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neemat M. Kassem ◽  
Gamal Emera ◽  
Hebatallah A. Kassem ◽  
Nashwa Medhat ◽  
Basant Nagdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cpg Island Methylator Phenotype ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths which contributes to a significant public health problem worldwide with 1.8 million new cases and almost 861,000 deaths in 2018 according to the World Health Organization. It exhibits 7.4% of all diagnosed cancer cases in the region of the Middle East and North Africa. Molecular changes that happen in CRCs are chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype. The human RAS family (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer appearing in 45% of colon cancers. Determining MSI status across CRCs offers the opportunity to identify patients who are likely to respond to targeted therapies such as anti-PD-1. Therefore, a method to efficiently determine MSI status for every cancer patient is needed. Results KRAS mutations were detected in 31.6% of CRC patients, namely in older patients (p = 0.003). Codons 12 and 13 constituted 5/6 (83.3%) and 1/6 (16.7%) of all KRAS mutations, respectively. We found three mutations G12D, G12C, and G13D which occur as a result of substitution at c.35G>A, c.34G>T, and c.38G>A and have been detected in 4/6 (66.6%), 1/6 (16.7%), and 1/6 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Eleven (57.9%) patients had microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC. A higher percentage of MSI-H CRC was detected in female patients (p = 0.048). Eight patients had both MSI-H CRC and wild KRAS mutation with no statistical significance was found between MSI status and KRAS mutation in these studied patients. Conclusion In conclusion, considering that KRAS mutations confer resistance to EGFR inhibitors, patients who have CRC with KRAS mutation could receive more tailored management by defining MSI status. MSI-high patients have enhanced responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapies. Thus, the question arises as to whether it is worth investigating this association in the routine clinical setting or not. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed to assess the impact of MSI status on Egyptian CRC care.

Effect of young age (<50) on clinical, pathologic features and survival of patients with colorectal cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14025-e14025
Author(s):  
Jamal Zidan ◽  
Jehad Abu Salah ◽  
Adi Sharabi-Nov
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

e14025 Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in both men and women in Israel. Most patients with colon cancer are older than 50 years of age. However young patients are not rare. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the behavior of this disease in young patients. Clinical and pathological characteristics of colon cancer patients treated at Oncology Institute in Ziv Medical Center were retrospectively analyzed. The aim of the present study is to compare clinical and pathological features of colon cancer between young and old patients. Methods: A total of 200 patients with colon cancer were treated at our institute during 8 years. Twenty five (12.5%) of them were <50 years age (young patients) at diagnosis. All clinical and pathological characteristics were taken retrospectively from the hospital files. In situations where the pathological findings were not noted in the chart, review of the stored tumor was requested from the pathology department. Acceptable statistical methods were used for statistical calculations. Results: Among the 200 patients 25 (12.5%) were <50 years age at diagnosis (mean age 41 years) and 175 were >50 years (mean age 70 years). Males were 56% of the young group and 60.1% of the old one. Arab patients were 52% of the young and only 12.6% of the old group although total number of Arabs was 35 of 200 patients. No significant difference was found in stage of tumor at diagnosis between the young group (YG) and the old group (OG). Twenty percent of YG had distant metastases compared to 26.5% in the OG. Histopathological grade 3 tumors were found in 33.3% of the YG versus 7.7% in the OG. Surgery and chemotherapy were done in 96% and 88% in YG versus 95.4% and 69.7% in the OG respectively. In a median follow up period of 96 months 35% of young patients died of their disease compared to 33.1% of the old patients. Conclusions: Young patients with colon cancer were diagnosed at the same stage of the disease as old patients. More tumors were high grade in YG. More patients were candidates for chemotherapy in the YG. Significantly more Arab patients were young at the time of diagnosis than Jewish patients. Further studies with higher number of patients are suggested to clarify our findings.

scholarly journals ONCOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN EMERGENCY SURGERY (CLINICAL CASE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
K.V. Atamanov ◽  
◽  
V.E. Voitsitsky ◽  
O.A. Tkachuk ◽  
V.A. Lebedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Acute Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Combined Interventions

The increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer cannot go unnoticed. The number of patients with its complications in general surgical hospitals is growing steadily. The main ones include acute intestinal obstruction, bleeding, tumor destruction with paracancerous abscess formation or perforation. This limits the possibilities of carrying out the radical treatment of oncoproctological patients significantly, and reduces the number of resection interventions considerably. The incidence of postoperative complications in emergency patients is statistically higher than after elective surgeries. The most fatal is the failure of the enterocolonic anastomosis, usually requiring relaparotomy and often colostomy. With regional tumors, combined interventions are necessary, a prerequisite for which is the availability of trained specialists. The article presents a clinical case of performing a major surgery with a positive outcome for complicated colon cancer in a hospital on duty.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in Pediatric Inpatient Care: Management, Clinical Presentation and Utilization of Healthcare Capacity

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Christine Busch ◽  
Maximilian Blickle ◽  
Beatrix Schmidt ◽  
Laura Katharina Sievers ◽  
Constanze Pfitzer
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pediatric Inpatient ◽  
Utilization Of Healthcare

This study scrutinizes management and clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pediatric inpatient care and evaluates the utilization of pediatric healthcare capacity during the pandemic. Within this retrospective cohort study, we systematically reviewed data of all 16,785 pediatric patients (<18 years admitted to our clinical center between January 2018 and June 2021). Data on SARS-CoV-2 test numbers, hospital admissions and clinical characteristics of infected patients were collected. Since January 2020, a total of 2513 SARS-CoV-2 tests were performed. In total, 36 patients had a positive test result. In total, 25 out of 36 SARS-CoV-2 positive children showed at least mild clinical symptoms while 11 were asymptomatic. Most common clinical symptoms were fever (60%), cough (60%) and rhinitis (20%). In parallel with the rising slope of SARS-CoV-2 in spring and fall 2020, we observed a slight decrease in the number of patients admitted to the pediatric department while the median duration of hospital treatment and intensive care occupancy remained unchanged. This study underlines that SARS-CoV-2 infected children most frequently exhibit an asymptomatic or mild clinical course. Noteworthy, the number of hospital admissions went down during the pandemic. The health and economic consequences need to be discussed within health care society and politics.

Motion segment–sparing repair of symptomatic chronic pars defects

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Mutchnick ◽  
Travis E. Clegg ◽  
Leah Y. Carreon ◽  
Rolando M. Puno
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Posterior Spinal Fusion ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Motion Segment ◽  
Number Of Patients

Object The current standard of care for symptomatic chronic spondylolysis (SP) is a one-level posterior spinal fusion for defects at L-5 or direct pars repair (motion segment sparing) for more rostral SP in younger patients and if no disc degeneration or listhesis is present. Since many patients with SP undergoing operative repair are young, a procedure with the lowest biomechanical profile is desirable, and direct pars repair is recommended. The authors here explore the limits of direct pars repair. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent direct repair of SP between 2002 and 2009 was performed. Data were analyzed for predictors of symptom relief and radiographic fusion failure. Results Of 49 patients, only 7 required a reoperation to treat clinical symptoms, and 6 of them were female (p = 0.049). In all cases of treatment failure, the patient had bilateral L-5 SP. Patients with a slip percentage as high as 30% experienced radiographic fusion and symptom relief. Disc degeneration (measured using the Modified Pfirrmann Scale) did not predict symptom persistence or radiographic fusion failure. Patients with high-grade disc disease experienced symptom relief. The authors found no predictors of treatment failure. Conclusions The number of patients undergoing motion segment–sparing fusions of symptomatic chronic SP can be safely increased to include patients with Grade I spondylolisthesis as well as high-grade disc disease. Female patients with bilateral L-5 SP and low lordotic angles may be better served by a posterior spinal fusion from L-5 to S-1.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Korea: Nationwide Data from 2013 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 938-944
Author(s):  
Sun Jin Park ◽  
Kil Yeon Lee ◽  
Suk-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Colorectal Resection ◽  
Laparoscopic Resection ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Number Of Patients

PurposeWe report nationwide data on the current status of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korea.Materials and MethodsNationwide data of patients who underwent surgery for CRC from 2013 to 2018 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database. Data and trends of laparoscopy use for colorectal resection over six years were examined. ResultsIn Korea, a total of 117,320 patients underwent surgical resection for CRC from 2013 to 2018. The proportion of laparoscopic resection increased from 64.9% in 2013 to 78.5% in 2018. The rate of laparoscopic resection for colon cancer increased from 64.7% in 2013 to 77.4% in 2018. For rectal cancer, the rate of laparoscopic resection increased from 65.4% to 81.6%. Males accounted for 59.8% of all patients, but females surpassed males at over 80 years of age. The age of peak incidence was in the 60s for males and in the 70s for females. A steady increase in the number of patients undergoing surgery for CRC was observed over 80 years of age.ConclusionThe laparoscopic penetration rate for CRC in Korea continued to increase annually and reached 78.5% in 2018.

scholarly journals Prognostic and therapeutic implication of residual timorous tissue in cervix conizate

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Radomir Zivadinovic ◽  
Vekoslav Lilic ◽  
Aleksandra Petric ◽  
Aleksandra Tubic
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Therapeutic Measure ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Negative Findings

Background/Aim. Conization is an excisive technique used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. If conizate margins do not show any pathologic changes (negative findings) it is also the only therapeutic measure which should be applied. In case of conizate margins affected by the disease (positive findings), it is necessary not only to assess various parameters but also to decide on a further therapeutic approach. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of positive findings and its impact on a further optimal therapeutic approach choice. Methods. The data for analyses were retrospectively acquired through an insight into the medical records of the female patients who had undergone conization in the Institute for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, within a period from 1995 to 2000. Histopathologic analyses of the bioptic and cervical conizate and reconizate samples were performed in the same institute. The acquired data were analyzed and statistically processed. Results. Within the above mentioned period, a total of 823 conizations were done. In 76 patients, positive findings were determined. The acquired data analysis revealed positive findings decrease during this period, yet with no statistical significance. Higher statistically significant incidence of positive findings, however, was revealed in the patients over 40 years of age. Also, a statistically significantly higher incidence of positive findings was revealed in the apex as compared with other localizations. During the period observed, there was the raise of the number of patients only followed up after the conization without reconization. Also evident was decreasing in the number of histerectomies followed by increasing in the number of reconizations, as the method for reintervention. The most common cause of histerectomy was the apex positive findings with no statistical significance, while of reconization it was positive finding on lateral conizate margins with statistical significance. The association of the apical conizate positive finding with that in the curettements in all the cases was in correlation with positive findings at reintervention. Conclusion. According to the results obtained by analyzing and statistical processing of the acquired data, it could be concluded that reconization does represent a more suitable reintervention in patients with positive conizate findings as compared to histerectomy.

Analysis of the relationship between different prognosis factors in patients with advanced colon cancer and progression-free survival.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15518-e15518
Author(s):  
Eduardo Richardet ◽  
Ignacio Magi ◽  
Luciana Paola Acosta ◽  
Maria gimena Ferreira ◽  
Matias Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Advanced Colon Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

e15518 Background: Colon tumors are a heterogeneous group of disease. As a result of the accumulation of different genetic and epigenetic alterations, the mutation of the RAS, BRAF oncogene and microsatellite instability stands out. A new line of research are immunological and inflammatory factors, the infiltrating lymphocytes of the tumor stroma (TILs) and the neutrophil to lymphocyte radio (NLR) have been studied by our work team. We understood could that these factors were associated with the survival rate in our patients. The main objective of this reseach is to determine the relationship between NLR and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced colon cancer. Secondary objective is to determine the relationship between the location of the primary tumor, RAS status, TILs, and PFS. in the same group of patients. Methods: A total of 93 medical records of patients with advanced colon cancer was analyzed. Those pts who had recieved first-line chemotherapy treatment with a FOLFOX scheme plus a monoclonal antibody were included. All patients had to have a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Regarding NLR, the patients were classified into two groups: high ( = > 4) and low ( < 4). Four TILs cut-off points were determined: > 40% intense; between 11-40% moderate, 1-10% mild, and 0% absent, which were group into two categories: intense and moderate; slight and absent. Localization was divided into left and right, and KRAS status was divided into mutated and wild-type (WT). PFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier test. Results: The median PFS of the general population was 8.74 (7.39-11.07) months. The median PFS was 9.86 (7.82-13.41) vs 5.09 (4.43-10.84) months for low and high NLR respectively, with statistical significance (p: 0.01). When the percentage of patients without progression after one year of treatment was analyzed, the difference was 45% vs 14% in favor of NLR < 4 on ≥4, this difference was also statistically significant (p: 0.02). PFS in relation to TILs after one year of follow up was 33% (8.61 months) for moderate-intense infiltrate vs 30% of mild-absent (7.10 months). PFS was 9.79 months for KRAS WT pts vs 7.82 months for mutated KRAS. In terms of location, PFS was 9.79 months for the left colon vs 8.28 months for the right colon. These factors did not have a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: The results of the study show how NLR < 4 is a prognostic factor with a positive impact on PFS. It should be noted that the median survival rates were numerically higher in moderate-intense vs mild-absent TILs, also in KRAS WT vs mutated and in left vs right location. It should also be noted that the possibly there was not a statistically significant difference between them due to the limited number of patients per what we will continue working on in the recruitment and analysis of these patients.

scholarly journals Endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmė storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Pavel Elsakov
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Early Colon Cancer ◽  
Oncology Center

Pavel ElsakovVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas,Santariškių g. 1, LT-2021 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika – viena opiausių problemų tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Vakarų šalyse. Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmę storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai. Metodai Lietuvos onkologijos centre 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičius padidėjo du kartus. Statistiniu metodu (santykine rizika RR) apskaičiavome kiekvieno storosios žarnos segmento C18.0; C18.2–7; C19; C20 (aklosios, gaubtinės žarnos, rektosigminės jungties, tiesiosios žarnos) ankstyvojo vėžio diagnostikos pokyčius. Rezultatai Lietuvos onkologijos centre, 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, dukart padidinus kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičių, ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo: rektosigminės jungties vėžio – 1,22 karto (RR = 1,22), aklosios žarnos – 1,47 karto (RR = 1,47). Išvados Kolonoskopuojamų simptominių pacientų skaičių padidinus dukart, I–II stadijos aklosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo 1,47 karto, rektosigminės jungties – 1,22 karto. Prasminiai žodžiai: kolonoskopija, rektoskopija, ankstyvasis vėžys, santykinė rizika. The value of endoscopical examinations for improving the early colorectal cancer diagnosis Pavel Elsakov Background The early colorectal cancer diagnosis in Lithuania and West countries remain one of the general and important tasks. Methods At Lithuanian Oncology Center (LOC) in1998–2000 versus 1995–1997 the number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy increased twice. For analysis of early colorectal cancer diagnosis we used the relative risk calculation method. Results In 1998–2000 versus 1995–1998, at LOC the early colon cancer diagnosis improved: cecum 1.47 times (RR = 1.47), rectosigmoid 1.22 (RR = 1.22). The early cancer diagnosis of rectum did not change, because did not change the number of patients examined by rectoscopy. Conclusions The twice as high number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy improved diagnosis of early colon cancer, especially of its cecum (1.47 times) and colon rectosigmoid (1.22 times) forms. Keywords: colonoscopy, rectoscopy, early cancer, relative risk.

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