scholarly journals Selection of efficient ships according to the criterion of marginal price at the feasibility study

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Oksana Y. Vasileva ◽  
Marina V. Nikulina Nikulina ◽  
Juri I. Platov Platov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the problem of selecting efficient ships by the feasibility study in which brake power, main dimensions, payload, speed and fuel consumption are determined. The necessity of using the proposed selection at the initial stage of the ship's design is justified; the problems that arise at the present time are denoted. The purpose of the article is to propose a criterion for the selection of efficient vessels, "tied" to the operating conditions, based on the marginal cost of the ship. A method for its determination is presented. At the same time, annual revenues and operating costs should be determined by modern methods of business planning for the operation of the fleet. When searching for the parameters of the ship, the optimal fuel consumption is determined. The rest of the costs can be found according to the coefficients "tied" to the fuel consumption and calculated on the basis of existing prototypes. The results of calculations by the proposed method are shown; its merits and opportunities for improvement are noted with the availability of relevant information. The conclusion is made about the convenience and applicability of the proposed option for selecting efficient ship for the feasibility study based on optimization methods for determining the parameters of vessels under conditions of a high level of use of information technologies.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring for Compressor Stations

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Van Hardeveld
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
General Term ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
On Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maintenance Personnel ◽  
Intelligent Diagnostics

A major remaining way to improve operational effectiveness for compressor stations is by the combination of on-line monitoring and enhanced diagnostics which can be described by the general term ‘smart monitoring’. The introduction of smart monitoring techniques will allow unattended operation of equipment to a greater extent than has been possible so far with remote access to the monitoring and diagnostic information from remote field, maintenance, and gas control locations. On-site attendance by operating and maintenance personnel can then be limited to responding to unscheduled events and for doing routine and scheduled maintenance. The role of enhanced diagnostics in this context is to anticipate undesirable operating conditions (and possibly mitigate or avoid them by certain control actions), to obtain earlier prediction of equipment deterioration or potential failures, to carry out a detailed analysis of unscheduled events and shutdowns, and to enable a high level of on-condition maintenance. The function of the intelligent diagnostics is to convert monitoring data, which can be voluminous with online monitoring, into a reduced subset of relevant information which is needed to make decisions. In this paper, a conceptual approach to smart monitoring is described and initial results of an on-site prototype are presented. Future implementation issues are also discussed.

scholarly journals Quantitative Inference in a Mechanical Design “Compiler”

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ward ◽  
W. P. Seering
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
High Level Language ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper introduces the theory underlying a computer program that takes as input a schematic of a mechanical or hydraulic power transmission system, plus specifications and a utility function, and returns catalog numbers from predefined catalogs for the optimal selection of components implementing the design. Unlike programs for designing single components or systems, this program provides the designer with a high level “language“ in which to compose new designs. It then performs much of the detailed design process. The process of “compilation”, or transformation from a high to a low level description, is based on a formalization of quantitative inferences about hierarchically organized sets of artifacts and operating conditions. This allows design compilation without the exhaustive enumeration of alternatives. The paper introduces the formalism, illustrating its use with examples. It then outlines some differences from previous work, and summarizes early tests and conclusions.

scholarly journals Methodology of constructing driving cycles by the synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Akmal Mukhitdinov ◽  
Kamoliddin Ziyaev ◽  
Janserik Omarov ◽  
Shokhsanam Ismoilova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traffic Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Car Driving

The difference in the dynamics of the development of motorization in the regions of the world, the levels of traffic organization, determines the need to develop a methodology for specific operating conditions. Improvement of the existing driving cycles and methods of their development, which characterize the real operating conditions, is of great importance. An important task is considered the implementation of targeted research to improve automobile operation efficiency of vehicles by introducing modern information technologies into the process of determining the driving cycles, modernizing the design parameters of vehicles by assessing the influence of driving conditions when rationing fuel consumption, developing methods for choosing the design parameters of vehicles and the most adapted vehicle for specific operating conditions. The article provides a systematic analysis of scientific research of methodology for constructing driving cycles, factors influencing the performance and driving modes, as well as the fuel consumption of the car. The methodology for constructing a standard driving cycle for specific urban operating conditions is given based by synthesizing on passenger car driving modes in the city.

scholarly journals Selection of productive hybrid oil flax plants by methods of multivariate analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
I. A. Golub ◽  
A. L. Andronik ◽  
A. V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Other Information ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Selection Of

Use of computer technology allows to quickly analyze and use subject, technological, analytical and other information. Biometric statistics in plant breeding is aimed at optimizing (increasing efficiency, reliability, acceleration and cheapening) the process of breeding varieties of agricultural crops. Therefore, creation and study of new varieties of oil flax requires widespread introduction of modern computer information technologies that provide information support of the breeding process at all its stages. Methods of multi-criteria mathematical statistics - factor and cluster analyses - were used in the studies for a comprehensive assessment of hybrid populations of oil flax by productivity elements (plant height, technical length, inflorescence length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds in a box, weight of 100 seeds, and oil content in seeds). Effectiveness of selection of hybrids of the third cycle of breeding has been evaluated, and also the distinctive features of hybrid combinations in a number of generations have been established. As a result of selection and technological cycle of the analysis, 31 highly productive hybrids (or 6.9%) were identified for further reproduction. Despite the high level of the breeding differential determined in hybrid combinations during the F2-F3 generation change, their response to traits based selection according to “number of seeds in a box” and “weight of 100 seeds” was weak, and selection by the number of boxes and seeds from the plant turned out to be ineffective. The selection method used makes it possible to cull low-yielding plants that have fallen into the worst groups of clusters. Culling by the method of multidimensional analysis should be used in later generations (fourth-fifth cycle of selection) as homozygosity of traits is established.

scholarly journals Quantitative Inference in a Mechanical Design ‘Compiler’

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ward ◽  
W. P. Seering
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
High Level Language ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the ideas underlying a computer program that takes as input a schematic of a mechanical or hydraulic power transmission system, plus specifications and a utility function, and returns catalog numbers from predefined catalogs for the optimal selection of components implementing the design. Unlike programs for designing single components or systems, this program provides the designer with a high level “language” in which to compose new designs. It then performs some of the detailed design process for him. The process of “compilation,” or transformation from a high to a low level description, is based on a formalization of quantitative inferences about hierarchically organized sets of artifacts and operating conditions. This allows design compilation without the exhaustive enumeration of alternatives. The paper introduces the formalism, illustrating its use with examples. It then outlines some differences from previous work, and summarizes early tests and conclusions.

scholarly journals Review of Fuel Consumption, Draft Force and Ground Speed Measurements of the Agricultural Tractor during Tillage Operations

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amer M. Mamkagh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ground Speed ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Selection Of

Estimating the amount of fuel consumption of an agricultural tractor during various tillage operations will help the selection of the best conservation practices for farm equipment. Draft requirements often dictate the size of the power unit required on a particular farm and, therefore, will also be required for energy management decisions. They will also be considered a prominent factor during the selection of a tractor’s machinery and power source. In addition, ground speed measurement is not only necessary for many agricultural machinery applications but also to monitor and map crop yield and properly change the application rate of agricultural inputs. There are several methods and techniques to measure a tractor’s fuel consumption, draft force, and ground speed. All these methods have many advantages and disadvantages depending on the tractor, the implement used, and the operating conditions. This article reviews some of these methods, providing scope for further research to focus on the potential development and improvement of the measurement methods, and this could positively affect the accuracy of the data and final results of the research.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MARINE FUEL PROPERTIES ON IGNITION, INJECTION DELAY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Transport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Nadežda Lazareva ◽  
Paulius Rapalis ◽  
Vygintas Daukšys ◽  
Tomas Čepaitis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Selection Of

According to the International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) statistics, the rational selection of Marine Bunker Fuel (MBF) properties is an effective way to improve operating conditions and energy efficiency of all types of marine Diesel Engines (DEs). The publication presents the results of studies on the influence of heavy and distillate MBF properties on the characteristics of different DE types: high-speed (Caterpillar 3512B, MTU 8V 396TB), medium-speed (SKL VDS 48/42, ChN 26.5/31) ir low-speed (MAN B&W 6S60MC). The aim of work is to form a methodological framework for assessing the influence of marine fuel properties on the energy performance of different types of ship power plants. Numerical methods show that in the case of unfavourable selection of the density and viscosity of marine fuels regulated by the standard ISO 8217:2017, the changes in specific fuel consumption be reach up to 10% low-speed, 4…7% medium-speed, and 2…3% high-speed DEs. As the density varies from light grades to 1010 kg/m3, the change in be is 3…4%. At low viscosity, as the density increases to 1030 kg/m3, the low-speed engine comparative fuel consumption increases by 5%. It is recommended not to use fuel with a density >1010 kg/m3 and a viscosity <300…400 mm2/s. Developed solutions for the rational selection of bunkered marine fuel properties for a specific DE model trough the influence of density and viscosity on fuel injection and combustion characteristics based on multiparametric diagrams of relative fuel consumption change.

scholarly journals Combustion Model and Control Parameter Optimization Methods for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Wahono ◽  
Harutoshi Ogai
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

This research presents a method to construct a combustion model and a method to optimize some control parameters of diesel engine in order to develop a model-based control system. The construction purpose of the model is to appropriately manage some control parameters to obtain the values of fuel consumption and emission as the engine output objectives. Stepwise method considering multicollinearity was applied to construct combustion model with the polynomial model. Using the experimental data of a single cylinder diesel engine, the model of power, BSFC,NOx, and soot on multiple injection diesel engines was built. The proposed method succesfully developed the model that describes control parameters in relation to the engine outputs. Although many control devices can be mounted to diesel engine, optimization technique is required to utilize this method in finding optimal engine operating conditions efficiently beside the existing development of individual emission control methods. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to calculate control parameters to optimize fuel consumption and emission based on the model. The proposed method is able to calculate control parameters efficiently to optimize evaluation item based on the model. Finally, the model which added PSO then was compiled in a microcontroller.

Spatial Representations as an Emergent Feature of Perceptual Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Wascher ◽  
C. Beste
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Perceptual Maps ◽  
Emergent Feature ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Selection Of

Spatial selection of relevant information has been proposed to reflect an emergent feature of stimulus processing within an integrated network of perceptual areas. Stimulus-based and intention-based sources of information might converge in a common stage when spatial maps are generated. This approach appears to be inconsistent with the assumption of distinct mechanisms for stimulus-driven and top-down controlled attention. In two experiments, the common ground of stimulus-driven and intention-based attention was tested by means of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the human EEG. In both experiments, the processing of a single transient was compared to the selection of a physically comparable stimulus among distractors. While single transients evoked a spatially sensitive N1, the extraction of relevant information out of a more complex display was reflected in an N2pc. The high similarity of the spatial portion of these two components (Experiment 1), and the replication of this finding for the vertical axis (Experiment 2) indicate that these two ERP components might both reflect the spatial representation of relevant information as derived from the organization of perceptual maps, just at different points in time.

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness and Practice About HIV/AIDS among different age group of Karachi, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Safia Mehmood ◽  
Sheema Zia ◽  
Nida Aziz ◽  
Omama Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The AIDS is one of the most complicated health problems of the 21st century and it threatens the world population. AIDS spread at an alarming rate. This was a descriptive study to determine the knowledge, awareness, and practice about HIV among different age groups. The study carried out in Karachi, Pakistan during the period of January 2016-april 2016, in which 82 peoples are participated; 65 peoples having age in between 18-30, people’s lies in 31-40 years, while only 4 peoples having age above 40. From which 91% peoples thought HIV is dangerous virus and 51% peoples having misconception that it cause AIDS on initial stage and does not have any effect on CD4+. Majority of peoples aware about transmission of AIDS through intercourse, and during pregnancy. But the study show the high level of misbelieve also in mode of transmission that HIV transmit through sweat, saliva etc. Majority of the peoples have knowledge that HIV-1 is the most common type found worldwide. Also large number of peoples have knowledge that HIV weak immune system by destroying CD4+ and require long exposure to progress AIDS. Less than 15% of peoples strongly agree that AIDS is common in women. This misconception reflex the lack of knowledge and awareness in the HIV transmission and gender relation. Also majority of peoples thought that lack of knowledge is major barrier in the proper cure of disease. So increasing knowledge by awareness programs; sexual prevention; by starting national testing resources and curing poverty will cured AIDS in Pakistan. Newly drugs are introduced which can stop the progression of AIDS.

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