scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION FOR THE EXPEDIENCY OF SHIP RECYCLING

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Kochnev ◽  
Irina B. Kochneva

The decision of a ship recycling is usually made only on the basis of economic considerations – the possibility of selling materials and equipment for reuse. But the actual damage to the environment is not estimated, as from a disposition (emissions from cutting and storage of waste which is not a subject to further use and processing) and the ship storage on the certain territory which is either a coastline or a section of backwater, and which in most cases is not designed for this. The article considers the approach allowing to estimate the environmental effect of cutting up a ship, in comparison with its storage in a conditionally unlimited time interval. An unambiguous conclusion was obtained about the effectiveness of this type of treatment of the ship as waste. The method for determining a certain conditional time for making a decision on the method and place of recycling, applicable to a ship that is in an unsuitable technical condition is proposed.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3615
Author(s):  
Florian Filarsky ◽  
Julian Wieser ◽  
Heyko Juergen Schultz

Gas hydrates show great potential with regard to various technical applications, such as gas conditioning, separation and storage. Hence, there has been an increased interest in applied gas hydrate research worldwide in recent years. This paper describes the development of an energetically promising, highly attractive rapid gas hydrate production process that enables the instantaneous conditioning and storage of gases in the form of solid hydrates, as an alternative to costly established processes, such as, for example, cryogenic demethanization. In the first step of the investigations, three different reactor concepts for rapid hydrate formation were evaluated. It could be shown that coupled spraying with stirring provided the fastest hydrate formation and highest gas uptakes in the hydrate phase. In the second step, extensive experimental series were executed, using various different gas compositions on the example of synthetic natural gas mixtures containing methane, ethane and propane. Methane is eliminated from the gas phase and stored in gas hydrates. The experiments were conducted under moderate conditions (8 bar(g), 9–14 °C), using tetrahydrofuran as a thermodynamic promoter in a stoichiometric concentration of 5.56 mole%. High storage capacities, formation rates and separation efficiencies were achieved at moderate operation conditions supported by rough economic considerations, successfully showing the feasibility of this innovative concept. An adapted McCabe-Thiele diagram was created to approximately determine the necessary theoretical separation stage numbers for high purity gas separation requirements.


1951 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
A.A. Klose ◽  
E.P. Mecchi ◽  
I.V. Streeter ◽  
H.L. Hanson

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Marek Idzior ◽  
Wojciech Karpiuk

Fuel injectors are the most damage-sensitive component of the diesel fuel injection system in self-ignition engines. Therefore, an important issue is their diagnosis for the proper assessment of their wear condition. The paper presents a method involving the use of an image from a thermal imaging camera to assess the technical condition of injectors used in common rail injection systems. Four injectors, whose technical condition was known, were tested. Three of them were characterized by a common fault they had damaged control valve seats, while one of the injectors was fully functional. In order to precisely assess their technical condition, the injectors were tested on a test bench. While the injectors were working, the temperature of the body in the place of the control valve was measured at a constant time interval. The conducted research has shown that there is a relationship between the rate of temperature rise of the damaged injectors’ body and their maximum temperatures, and the injection dose expenditure and the overflow expenditure.


Author(s):  
A.P. Poslavsky ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sorokin ◽  
A.A. Fadeev ◽  
◽  
...  

Heat exchangers are used to stabilize and maintain the temperature regime of various units and systems of cars. The technical condition of heat exchangers in operation is different and unstable. At a certain operating time interval, the technical condition of any of the heat exchangers can become limiting due to the influence of various kinds of operational factors. The article analyzes the possibility of improving the means and methods of diagnostic support of automobile heat exchangers in operation. In the design and manufacture of automotive heat exchangers, they are tested in specialized laboratories equipped with test stands characterized by high capital and operating costs. The use of these stands for diagnosing heat exchangers in operation is not applicable. Due to the limitations and imperfections of the known methods and means of diagnosing automobile heat exchangers in operation, an objective assessment of their current technical condition is difficult and requires the search for new, more advanced diagnostic options. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the search for ways to improve the diagnostic support, adapted for a quantitative assessment of the technical condition of heat exchangers in operation. The aim of the work is to improve the method and means of diagnosing heat exchangers in operation on the basis of modernizing the design of the test bench for radiator modules. Potentially a possible upgrade option was chosen previously developed by the authors stand for testing modules of automobile radiators, which is distinguished by the effect of resource saving when obtaining the test result. Achievement of the goal requires updating the architecture of the structural elements of the stand, and the search for design and technological solutions that contribute to the achievement of the goal. The methodological research toolkit is based on dialectically interrelated methods: analysis of a problem situation and subsequent design and technological synthesis. Scientific novelty lies in the development of conditions for modernization, allowing to expand the functionality of the basic structure of the stand. The practical significance of the results lies in the choice of the direction of research, with a new set of technical proposals and conditions for achieving the goal of the work.


2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Shlomo Kaniel

The primary purpose of this article is to combine both transfer of learning (hereafter, transfer) and creativity into similar processes that can increase the products of transfer and creativity. Both transfer and creativity operate within reciprocal relationships between memory storage and working memory. Moreover, they are also based on moving from System 1 processing (rapid, associative, automatic) to System 2 processing (slow and controlled) by several sequential series of circular stages: (1) acquisition and storage of the learning to be transferred and created; (2) identifying a problem/goal after a time interval; (3) active and controlled search in the memory storage for a solution, weighing alternative solutions, deciding what is the correct and most efficient solution and executing that chosen alternative; and (4) evaluating the process while deriving feedback and drawing conclusions for the next round of the above stages.


Author(s):  
A.I. Ushanev ◽  
A.M. Kravchenko ◽  
G.A. Borisov ◽  
I.A. Murog ◽  
M.B. Latyshonok

В процессе работы и хранения сельскохозяйственная техника подвергается влиянию таких факторов как ультрафиолетовые лучи, конденсат, перемена температуры, различные химикаты от удобрений и т.д., большинство из которых приводит к коррозии металла. Все эти факторы отрицательно влияют на техническое состояние техники и приводят к отказам, т.е. кнеработоспособному состоянию. К примеру, картофелеуборочный комбайн испытывает воздействие трения земли о поверхность и попадание на нее влаги, что повреждает поверхность и приводит к возникновению коррозии. Для предотвращения или уменьшения проявления коррозии следует защищать и обрабатывать поверхности сельскохозяйственной техники. Далее рассмотрим современные противокоррозионные технологии и защитные материалы. В противокоррозионной практике для изоляции металла от воздействия агрессивных сред используются специальные защитные покрытия. Все они подразделяются на металлические и неметаллические. Металлические анодные и катодные покрытия наносятся на поверхности методами газотермического напыления, окунания, гальванизации, плакирования или диффузии. Неметаллические покрытия подразделяются на органические и неорганические. Они создают на обрабатываемых поверхностях тонкую, инертную по отношению к агрессивным веществам пленку, которая предохраняет детали от негативных воздействий окружающей среды. В настоящее время для защиты поверхностей существует множество технологий и материалов, которые различаются по качеству обработки, цене и сроку службы. Для каждой поверхности и детали сельскохозяйственной техники можно подобрать свою технологию и материал для защиты от коррозии.In the process of operation and storage of agricultural machinery is influenced by factors, including: ultraviolet rays, condensate, temperature changes, various chemicals from fertilizers, etc., most of which leads to corrosion of the metal. All these factors adversely affect the technical condition of the equipment and lead to failures and, accordingly, not working condition. For example, a potato harvester is affected by the friction of the earth on the surface and the ingress of moisture on it, which damages the surface and leads to corrosion. Agricultural machinery should be protected and treated to prevent or reduce corrosion. Next, consider modern anticorrosive technologies and protective materials. In anticorrosion practice, special protective coatings are used to isolate the metal from the effects of aggressive media. All of them are divided into metal and nonmetal. Metal anode and cathode coatings are applied on the surface by methods of thermal spraying, dipping, galvanizing, cladding or diffusion. Nonmetallic coatings are divided into organic and inorganic. They create a thin film on the treated surfaces, inert with respect to aggressive substances, which protects the parts from the negative effects of the environment. At present, there are many technologies and materials for the protection of equipment to protect surfaces, which differ in the quality of processing, price and service life. For each surface and details of agricultural machinery, you can choose your technology and material for corrosion protection.


2020 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
A.P. Cherepanov

A resource model is theoretically substantiated, which can be used to predict and evaluate the design, initial, current and residual resources of technical devices. A mathematical description of the resource model is given on the basis of a graphical interpretation of the forecast and correction, which allows us to represent the relation between the initial, actual and forecasted (future) states characterizing the damage and wear of the components of technical devices over a certain time interval. The exponential dependence of the resource is obtained over the entire period from design to reaching the limit state and at various stages of the life cycle of technical devices. Keywords safety, probability, model, resource, risk, technical condition, device. [email protected]


2017 ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Yuliia Ignatova ◽  
Lina Shenderivska ◽  
Olha Osypova

The optimization value of maintenance facilities in order to ensure the effective development of the company is grounded. Conceptual bases of the effective management of the maintenance and replacement of fixed assets are considered in the article. The importance to ensure the competitiveness of products with the aim to prevent lowering of product quality is determined. The necessity of a high level of discipline of statistical observations to ensure forecasting objectivity of technical condition of fixed assets is grounded. To solve the task of increasing the efficiency of maintenance and replacement of equipment the usage of statistical and simulation approaches is offered. In order to find the optimal time between maintenance (replacement parts), that will minimize costs, the model of expected failures is applied. The model is based on the time interval and the average cost of replacement parts. The use of simulation approach has allowed building of a model of replacement equipment or parts on the basis of continuous probability distribution of breakdowns occurrence. The proposals for the optimal length of time to review and eliminate breakdowns of equipment have become the results of developed models testing.


2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-865 ◽  

<p>This paper summarises the results of a survey carried out amongst the student population of one of the largest Greek Technological Educational Institutes. It explores attitudes toward the environment in general and then, more specifically, toward global warming and global warming-mitigation technologies. It also explores student understanding of sources of carbon dioxide and climate change-mitigation technologies, such as carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Further, it analyses responses to questions about willingness of respondents to pay to solve global warming. The data was collected in October and November of 2011 using a structured questionnaire which was first formulated in English and then translated into Greek. The analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS v17.0 and focused on descriptive statistics, in order to compare the average ratings for the different statements.</p> <div> <p>The present study concludes that university students in Greece are overwhelmingly positively disposed towards the environment with the majority of respondents believing that protecting the environment should have priority over economic considerations. Students also view the effects of global warming as serious enough to warrant action and state their belief that the current generation should meet its own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. Moreover, the majority of the participants are against the development of nuclear energy, favoring RES (solar wind and bioenergy), and energy conservation technologies. However, the study has also identified a lack of understanding in regards to sources of carbon dioxide. The majority of the respondents do not seem to know that oceans act as sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions or that the housing stock is a significant contributor to this problem.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>


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