scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease: Pharmacotherapy of noncognitive symptoms

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslam Pathan ◽  
Abdulrahman Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Noncognitive Symptoms

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal dementia of unknown cause characterized by loss of cognitive and physical functioning, commonly with behavior or noncognitive symptoms. Noncognitive symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias consist of mood sisterbances, psychosis, altered sexual behavior, personality changes, agitation, aggression, pacing, wandering, , changed sleep patterns, and appetite disturbances. These noncognitive symptoms of dementia are common, disabling to both the patient and the carer. physicians will often play a major role in diagnosing and treating dementia and related disorders in the community. Accurate treatment of noncognitive symptoms is important. Accordingly, we reviewed the available pharmacotherapy in the clinical management of noncognitive symptoms of dementia.

Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Ghai ◽  
Kandasamy Nagarajan ◽  
Meenakshi Arora ◽  
Parul Grover ◽  
Nazakat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. The paper’s objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.

Vitamin D in the Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Clinical Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Maddalena La Montagna ◽  
Luisa Lampignano ◽  
Roberta Zupo ◽  
Ilaria Bortone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Management

Premorbid Personality Traits in Alzheimer's Disease: Do They Predispose to Noncognitive Behavioral Symptoms?

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Meins ◽  
Andrea Frey ◽  
Rüdiger Thiesemann
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Noncognitive Symptoms ◽  
Low Frustration Tolerance

The purpose of this study was to examine whether premorbid personality traits predispose to noncognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Munich Personality Test was used to evaluate caregivers' perception of personality prior to symptom onset in 56 outpatients with probable AD. Caregivers also completed the “mood” and “disturbed behavior” scales of the Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients. A neuropsychiatrist rated depressive symptoms on the Cornell Scale for Depression and the occurrence of personality change in four domains according to ICD-10. Under statistical control of confounding variables, results showed a moderate association between (high) premorbid neuroticism, subsequent troublesome behavior, and personality change, on the one hand, and (low) frustration tolerance and depression, on the other. Premorbid personality traits may indeed predispose to subsequent noncognitive symptoms in AD.

The Ups and Downs of BACE1: Walking a Fine Line between Neurocognitive and Other Psychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842094094
Author(s):  
Saak V. Ovsepian ◽  
Jiri Horacek ◽  
Valerie B. O’Leary ◽  
Cyril Hoschl
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficit ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Noncognitive Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Leads ◽  
Rate Limiting

Although neurocognitive deficit is the best-recognized indicator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psychotic and other noncognitive symptoms are the prime cause of institutionalization. BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ of AD, and one of the promising therapeutic targets in countering cognitive decline and amyloid pathology. Changes in BACE1 activity have also emerged to cause significant noncognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms and impairments of circadian rhythms, as evident from clinical trials and reports in transgenic models. In this study, we consider key characteristics of BACE1 with its contribution to neurocognitive deficit and other psychiatric symptoms of AD. We argue that a growing list of noncognitive mental impairments related to pharmacological modulation of BACE1 might present a major obstacle in clinical translation of emerging therapeutic leads targeting this protease. The adverse effects of BACE1 inhibition on mental health call for a revision of treatment strategies that assume indiscriminate inhibition of this key protease, and stress the need for further mechanistic and translational studies.

Personality Changes in Alzheimer's Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chatterjee ◽  
M. E. Strauss ◽  
K. A. Smyth ◽  
P. J. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Personality Changes

Personality Changes in Alzheimer's Disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Bozzola ◽  
P. B. Gorelick ◽  
S. Freels
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Personality Changes
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