scholarly journals The Kinetics of Glucose Transport in Human Red Blood Cells Depend on Their Metabolic State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
Günter Fred Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This article about freshly drawn human red blood cells offers new insights in regulation of glucose transport. Transport of glucose in Glut1 red blood cells is highly asymmetric and depend on metabolic energy, most probably ATP. The changes in “Km” for efflux and Vm obtained by ATP depletion of the cells are completely restored by incubation with adenosine, a substrate for ATP generation. The glucose efflux in red cells is much higher than influx. The high amounts of the red cells in the blood (About 45%) provide by their efficient efflux system of more than 1000 mmol glucose/L cells/ min. support of glucose toward the peripherical cells as well as supply with oxygen. Wilbrandt’s general rate equation including osmometer behavior of the red blood cells and the solvation of the transport resistance with the individual parameters, including the turnover of the unloaded carrier is detailed mathematically explained. It is to memorize Walter Wilbrandt and a history of his contribution to the glucose transport in human red cells. The integrated rate equation describes perfectly the data obtained by right-angular light-scattering. Wilbrandt’s transport scheme can be used to calculate the turnover of the unloaded carrier. At 20°C a turnover of about 1000 molecules per sec. has been calculated, which might be interpreted as the oscillations of the empty carrier.

scholarly journals How Do Red Blood Cells Die?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Thiagarajan ◽  
Charles J. Parker ◽  
Josef T. Prchal
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Cell Clearance

Normal human red blood cells have an average life span of about 120 days in the circulation after which they are engulfed by macrophages. This is an extremely efficient process as macrophages phagocytose about 5 million erythrocytes every second without any significant release of hemoglobin in the circulation. Despite large number of investigations, the precise molecular mechanism by which macrophages recognize senescent red blood cells for clearance remains elusive. Red cells undergo several physicochemical changes as they age in the circulation. Several of these changes have been proposed as a recognition tag for macrophages. Most prevalent hypotheses for red cell clearance mechanism(s) are expression of neoantigens on red cell surface, exposure phosphatidylserine and decreased deformability. While there is some correlation between these changes with aging their causal role for red cell clearance has not been established. Despite plethora of investigations, we still have incomplete understanding of the molecular details of red cell clearance. In this review, we have reviewed the recent data on clearance of senescent red cells. We anticipate recent progresses in in vivo red cell labeling and the explosion of modern proteomic techniques will, in near future, facilitate our understanding of red cell senescence and their destruction.

scholarly journals Red blood cell size is important for adherence of blood platelets to artery subendothelium

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Aarts ◽  
PA Bolhuis ◽  
KS Sakariassen ◽  
RM Heethaar ◽  
JJ Sixma
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract The hematocrit is one of the main factors influencing platelet adherence to the vessel wall. Raising the hematocrit causes an increase of platelet accumulation of about an order of magnitude. Our studies concern the role of red cell size. We have studied this effect using an annular perfusion chamber, according to Baumgartner, with human umbilical arteries and a steady-flow system. Normal human red blood cells (MCV 95 cu mu) increased platelet adherence sevenfold, as the hematocrit increases from 0 to 0.6. Small erythrocytes from goats (MCV 25 cu mu) caused no increment in adherence in the same hematocrit range. Rabbit erythrocytes (MCV 70 cu mu) caused an intermediate increase in adherence. Red blood cells from newborns (MCV 110–130 cu mu) caused a larger increase in platelet adherence than normal red cells at hematocrit 0.4. These results were further confirmed with large red blood cells from two patients. Experiments with small red cells (MCV 70 cu mu) of patients with iron deficiency showed that platelet adherence was similar to normal red cells, provided the red cell diameter was normal. Small red blood cells of a patient with sideroblastic anemia caused decreased adherence. These data indicate that red cell size is of major importance for platelet adherence. Red cell diameter is more important than average volume. However, for size differences in the human range, the hematocrit remains the dominant parameter.

Adhesion of red blood cells to charged interfaces between immiscible liquids. A new method

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
D. Gingell ◽  
I. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Oil Water

We have devised a method of making a flat oil/water interface which remains flat on inversion. Cell adhesion to the interface can be observed microscopically. Glutaraldehyde-fixed human red blood cells adhere to the interface between physiological saline and hexadecane containing surface-active behenic acid at pH values below about 7-5. At high pH values, cells are prevented from adhering due to dissociation of the carboxyl groups of behenic acid oriented in the interface. The negative red cells are driven away electrostatically. Adherent and non-adherent cells remain on the aqueous side of the interface and do not appreciably deform it when adherent. Cells are electrostatically attracted to a similar interface containing positively charged octadecyltrimethylammonium ions. Cells also adhere to an interface containing octadecanol, which carries no charge. Underlying both electrostatic repulsion and attraction between red cells and oil/water interfaces is an attractive force which may be of electrodynamic (van der Waals) origin.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of Normal Human Red Blood Cells, including Variability among Centrifuged Cells

Blood ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS G. KEITEL ◽  
H. BERMAN ◽  
H. JONES ◽  
E. MACLACHLAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Centrifuge Tube

Abstract 1. Red cells from different layers of centrifuged cells vary in composition. Cells obtained from the upper layer, which is relatively richer in reticulocytes, contain more water, sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus than the remaining cells. 2. The direct method of analysis of red blood cells using a constricted type centrifuge tube to separate the entire red cells sample from buffy layer cells and from plasma avoids the errors in direct analysis caused by different cell population in upper and lower layers of centrifuged cells and the cumulative errors inherent in indirect analysis. 3. Using the direct method and a constricted type centrifuge tube, the means and standard deviations of the water and mineral content of the erythrocytes and plasma of 11 normal males and 11 normal females were determined. Males were found to have a higher sodium content of red cells and plasma. 4. The sum of the molal concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphorus in red cells is not always equal to the sum of the molal concentrations of these minerals in the plasma.

scholarly journals Red blood cell size is important for adherence of blood platelets to artery subendothelium

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Aarts ◽  
PA Bolhuis ◽  
KS Sakariassen ◽  
RM Heethaar ◽  
JJ Sixma
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Adherence ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The hematocrit is one of the main factors influencing platelet adherence to the vessel wall. Raising the hematocrit causes an increase of platelet accumulation of about an order of magnitude. Our studies concern the role of red cell size. We have studied this effect using an annular perfusion chamber, according to Baumgartner, with human umbilical arteries and a steady-flow system. Normal human red blood cells (MCV 95 cu mu) increased platelet adherence sevenfold, as the hematocrit increases from 0 to 0.6. Small erythrocytes from goats (MCV 25 cu mu) caused no increment in adherence in the same hematocrit range. Rabbit erythrocytes (MCV 70 cu mu) caused an intermediate increase in adherence. Red blood cells from newborns (MCV 110–130 cu mu) caused a larger increase in platelet adherence than normal red cells at hematocrit 0.4. These results were further confirmed with large red blood cells from two patients. Experiments with small red cells (MCV 70 cu mu) of patients with iron deficiency showed that platelet adherence was similar to normal red cells, provided the red cell diameter was normal. Small red blood cells of a patient with sideroblastic anemia caused decreased adherence. These data indicate that red cell size is of major importance for platelet adherence. Red cell diameter is more important than average volume. However, for size differences in the human range, the hematocrit remains the dominant parameter.

Passive permeability of human red blood cells to calcium

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. C26-C31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. McNamara ◽  
J. S. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Passive Permeability ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference

Ca2+ influx was measured into human erythrocytes in which efflux was blocked by either introduction of an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, introduction of the Ca2+ chelator followed by ATP depletion, or depletion of the Ca2+ pump cofactors ATP and Mg2+. The Ca2+ influx under all three conditions was 14-20 mumol . 1 cells-1 . h-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the influx previously reported for cells depleted of either ATP or Mg2+ separately. The difference between the two values was explained by the finding of substantial Ca2+ efflux from the Ca2+-loaded ATP-depleted cells, whereas this efflux was insignificant from cells loaded with quin 2 and then ATP depleted. Under these latter conditions Ca2+ influx estimates the unidirectional permeability to this cation. Studies using this technique showed that Ca2+ influx was the same in media of isotonic sodium, potassium, lithium, choline, or magnesium chlorides. Moreover the dependence of Ca2+ influx on external Ca2+ concentration was well described by the sum of saturable and nonsaturable (linear) components.

scholarly journals Protein sorting in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells permeabilized with the pore-forming protein streptolysin O

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris ANSORGE ◽  
Jürgen BENTING ◽  
Sucharit BHAKDI ◽  
Klaus LINGELBACH
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Vacuolar Membrane ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
The Individual

Plasmodium falciparum is an intracellular parasite of human red blood cells (RBCs). Like many other intracellular parasites, P. falciparum resides and develops within a parasitophorous vacuole which is bound by a membrane that separates the host cell cytoplasm from the parasite surface. Some parasite proteins are secreted into the vacuolar space and others are secreted, by an as yet poorly defined pathway, into the RBC cytosol. The transport of proteins from the parasite has been followed mainly using morphological methods. In search of an experimental system that would allow (i) dissection of the individual steps involved in transport from the parasite surface into the RBC cytosol, and (ii) an assessment of the molecular requirements for this process at the erythrocytic side of the vacuolar membrane, we have permeabilized infected RBCs with the pore-forming protein streptolysin O using conditions which left the vacuole intact. The distribution of two parasite proteins which served as markers for the vacuolar space and the RBC cytosol respectively was analysed morphologically and biochemically. In permeabilized RBCs the two marker proteins were sorted to the same compartments as in intact RBCs. The protein which was destined for the RBC cytosol traversed the vacuolar space before it was translocated across the vacuolar membrane. Protein transport could be arrested in the vacuole by removing the RBC cytosol. Translocation across the vacuolar membrane required ATP and a protein source at the erythrocytic face of the membrane, but it was independent of the intracellular ionic milieu of the RBC.

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