scholarly journals BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC PRODUCTION FROM POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE(PHB) PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT.

2021 ◽  
pp. 584-593
Author(s):  
Hiral Shah ◽  
Nidhi Gondaliya ◽  
Richa Soni
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Agro Residues ◽  
Plastic Products

Plastic materials have been used in various ways such as packaging material, glass wares, certain parts of instruments of various grades, many more. As plastic products are not easily decomposed and accumulate in environment. This has created an adverse effect on our ecosystem. Bioplastics are best alternative to overcome these issues and reduce damages in ecosystem. Bioplastics are easily and speedily degrade under natural environmental conditions. Polyhydroxybutyrate or PHB is a bioplastic, one of the best natural polymer and alternative of synthetic plastic material. Bioplastic are comparative more flexible to convert into various forms also. Normally, it is a lipid reserve material produce in adverse or under stress conditions and stored within the cell wall of micro-organisms. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural biopolymer produce by wide range of microbes which is a storage granule used by microbes as an energy as well as carbon source.this microbes includes from extremophiles to mesophiles. The objective of our work was to isolate potential PHB producing bacteria using agro-residues as carbon sources within natural environment conditions. This work describes the understanding of microbes that are involved in the degradation of both natural and synthetic polymers.Also to contribute in green environment by providing eco- friendly product.

scholarly journals Effect of Mineral Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Commercially Available Biodegradable Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Wouter Post ◽  
Lambertus J. Kuijpers ◽  
Martin Zijlstra ◽  
Maarten van der Zee ◽  
Karin Molenveld
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plastic Products

In the successful transition towards a circular materials economy, the implementation of biobased and biodegradable plastics is a major prerequisite. To prevent the accumulation of plastic material in the open environment, plastic products should be both recyclable and biodegradable. Research and development actions in the past few decades have led to the commercial availability of a number of polymers that fulfil both end-of-life routes. However, these biobased and biodegradable polymers typically have mechanical properties that are not on par with the non-biodegradable plastic products they intend to replace. This can be improved using particulate mineral fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and mica. This study shows that composites thereof with polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate-hexanoate (PHBH), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as matrix polymers result in plastic materials with mechanical properties ranging from tough elastic towards strong and rigid. It is demonstrated that the balance between the Young’s modulus and the impact resistance for this set of polymer composites is subtle, but a select number of investigated compositions yield a combination of industrially relevant mechanical characteristics. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of mineral fillers into biodegradable polymers does not negate the microbial disintegration of these polymers, although the nature of the filler does affect the biodegradation rate of the matrix polymer.

scholarly journals Additive Technology Parts and their Material Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Michal Holdy
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Additive Technology ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Parts

Abstract Additive technology uses a wide range of materials. Beginning from plastic material, different types of resin but also steel material. Presented paper deals with Fused Deposition Modeling technology which is focused to processing of plastic materials based on polymers. Mostly used are ABS plastic (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), or composites based on different polymers. New devices designed for the production of plastic parts are able to work also with environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials as Polylactic acid (PLA). The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using materials based on organic polymers whose properties are comparable to conventionally used polymers. Presented are measured and statistically evaluated data related to basic properties of PLA material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Suitability of Poly(Lactide)/Poly(Butylene-Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blown Films for Chilled and Frozen Food Packaging Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pietrosanto ◽  
Paola Scarfato ◽  
Luciano Di Maio ◽  
Maria Rossella Nobile ◽  
Loredana Incarnato
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Viscosity Ratio ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Blown Films ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range

The use of biopolymers can reduce the environmental impact generated by plastic materials. Among biopolymers, blends made of poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) prove to have adequate performances for food packaging applications. Therefore, the present work deals with the production and the characterization of blown films based on PLA and PBAT blends in a wide range of compositions, in order to evaluate their suitability as chilled and frozen food packaging materials, thus extending their range of applications. The blends were fully characterized: they showed the typical two-phase structure, with a morphology varying from fibrillar to globular in accordance with their viscosity ratio. The increase of PBAT content in the blends led to a decrease of the barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor, and to an increase of the toughness of the films. The mechanical properties of the most ductile blends were also evaluated at 4 °C and −25 °C. The decrease in temperature caused an increase of the stiffness and a decrease of the ductility of the films to a different extent, depending upon the blend composition. The blend with 40% of PLA revealed to be a good candidate for chilled food packaging applications, while the blend with a PLA content of 20% revealed to be the best composition as frozen food packaging material.

On the Dynamic Expansion of a Circular Hole in an Infinite Plate of Rate-Sensitive Plastic Material

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Upadhyay ◽  
V. K. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Circular Hole ◽  
Exponential Type ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Wide Range

The dynamic expansion of a circular hole in an infinite plate has been considered for rate-sensitive plastic materials by using an elastic-visco-perfertly plastic model of the exponential type. Numerical solutions have been obtained, by the method of characteristics, for the case when the hole is subjected to a constant acceleration. Solutions have been presented in the form of nondimensional plots covering a wide range of material properties and accelerations.

Characteristics of different plastic materials, properties and their role in food packaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Pramod S. Shelake ◽  
Ayushi Srivastava ◽  
Kavya Dashora
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Packaged Food

: Synthetic polymers are widely used globally for food and other packaging. It plays an important role in food packaging during transportation, handling, and also increasing shelf-life of product at a controlled atmospheric condition. Most of the time, plastic is preferred as a packaging material due to its inherent properties like light in weight, strength, durability, availability, convenience, and relatively inexpensive. In this review, it has been tried to preface some plastic material, their sustainability, adaptability, advantages, and disadvantages over the packaging of any food product. This review also tries to clarify the different properties of plastic materials and their effect on packaged food.

scholarly journals Burkholderia thailandensis E264 as a promising safe rhamnolipids’ producer towards a sustainable valorization of grape marcs and olive mill pomace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Chebbi ◽  
Massimiliano Tazzari ◽  
Cristiana Rizzi ◽  
Franco Hernan Gomez Tovar ◽  
Sara Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Burkholderia Thailandensis ◽  
Rhamnolipid Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Olive Mill

Abstract Within the circular economy framework, our study aims to assess the rhamnolipid production from winery and olive oil residues as low-cost carbon sources by nonpathogenic strains. After evaluating various agricultural residues from those two sectors, Burkholderia thailandensis E264 was found to use the raw soluble fraction of nonfermented (white) grape marcs (NF), as the sole carbon and energy source, and simultaneously, reducing the surface tension to around 35 mN/m. Interestingly, this strain showed a rhamnolipid production up to 1070 mg/L (13.37 mg/g of NF), with a higher purity, on those grape marcs, predominately Rha-Rha C14-C14, in MSM medium. On olive oil residues, the rhamnolipid yield of using olive mill pomace (OMP) at 2% (w/v) was around 300 mg/L (15 mg/g of OMP) with a similar CMC of 500 mg/L. To the best of our knowledge, our study indicated for the first time that a nonpathogenic bacterium is able to produce long-chain rhamnolipids in MSM medium supplemented with winery residues, as sole carbon and energy source. Key points • Winery and olive oil residues are used for producing long-chain rhamnolipids (RLs). • Both higher RL yields and purity were obtained on nonfermented grape marcs as substrates. • Long-chain RLs revealed stabilities over a wide range of pH, temperatures, and salinities

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

scholarly journals On the influence of delamination on laminated paperboard creasing and folding

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1965) ◽  
pp. 1912-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars A. A. Beex ◽  
Ron H. J. Peerlings
Keyword(s):  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
General Mechanics ◽  
Single Fold ◽  
Wide Range

Laminated paperboard is used as a packaging material for a wide range of products. During production of the packaging, the fold lines are first defined in a so-called creasing (or scoring) operation in order to obtain uncracked folds. During creasing as well as folding, cracking of the board is to be avoided. A mechanical model for a single fold line has been proposed in a previous study (Beex & Peerlings 2009 Int. J. Solids Struct. 46 , 4192–4207) to investigate the general mechanics of creasing and folding, as well as which precise mechanisms trigger the breaking of the top layer. In the present study, we employ this modelling to study the influence of delamination on creasing and folding. The results reveal the separate role of the cohesive zone model and the friction model in the description of delamination. They also show how the amount of delamination behaviour should be controlled to obtain the desired high folding stiffness without breaking of the top layer.

The vulnerability of Arctic shelf sediments to climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robie W. Macdonald ◽  
Zou Zou A. Kuzyk ◽  
Sophia C. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

The sediments of the pan-Arctic shelves contribute an important component to the Arctic Ocean ecosystem by providing a habitat for biota (benthos), a repository for organic and inorganic non-conservative substances entering or produced within the ocean, a reactor and source of transformed substances back to the water column, and a mechanism of burial. Sediments interact with ice, ocean, and the surrounding land over a wide range of space and time scales. We discuss the vulnerability of shelf sediment to changes in (i) organic carbon sources, (ii) pathways of sediment and organic carbon supply, and (iii) physical and biogeochemical alteration (diagenesis). Sedimentary environments of the shelves and basins are likely to exhibit a wide variance in their response to global change because of their wide variation in sediment sources, processes, and metabolic conditions. In particular, the Chukchi and Barents shelves are dominated by inflowing waters from oceans to the south, whereas the interior shelves are more closely tied to terrigenous sources due to river inflow and coastal erosion.

Bioencapsulation in Sol-Gel Glasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bergogne ◽  
S. Fennouh ◽  
J. Livage ◽  
C. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Gel Glasses ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractBioencapsulation in sol-gel materials has been widely studied during the past decade. Trapped species appear to retain their bioactivity in the porous silica matrix. Small analytes can diffuse through the pores allowing bioreactions to be performed in-situ, inside the sol-gel glass. A wide range of biomolecules and micro-organisms have been encapsulated. The catalytic activity of enzymes is used for the realization of biosensors or bioreactors. Antibody-antigen recognition has been shown to be feasible within sol-gel matrices. Trapped antibodies bind specifically the corresponding haptens and can be used for the detection of traces of chemicals. Even whole cells are now encapsulated without any alteration of their cellular organization. They can be used for the production of chemicals or as antigens for immunoassays.

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