scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION (RAINFALLS) ON THE SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER IN THE SEVASTOPOL COASTAL WATERS (CRIMEA, THE BLACK SEA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Smyrnova ◽  
Elena Katunina ◽  
Anatoly Rjabinin ◽  
Iren Anninskaja
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
The Impact

The results of determination of some hydrochemical characteristics and the diversity of microbiota in rain-water and sea-surface microlayer from the Sevastopol bays are presented. The connection between the level of rainfall contamination by surfactants and their accumulation into sea-surface microlayer has been established. In rain-water pH values varied from 4,2 to 8.2. As a result, the pH value and salinity in sea-surface microlayer decreased by 11–15% after storm and prolonged rains. Seasonal concentration variability of dissolved in rain-water Sr, Se, La, Nd, As, Sb, Mo, Ni, Mg, I, and Fe associated with the direction of the prevailing rainy winds. Potentially pathogenic micromycetes (genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Phoma) get into the surface microlayer and marine environment with the rain water. Cyanophyta (genera Synechococcus, Microcystis) and Clorophyta (genus Closterium) were capable to grow both in rain-water with salinity 0.0–0.7‰, and in sea-surface microlayer (range of salinities 17.0−20.5 ‰).

scholarly journals Plastic Accumulation in the Sea Surface Microlayer: An Experiment-Based Perspective for Future Studies

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Galgani ◽  
Steven Loiselle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Marine Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Plastic particles are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Given their low density, they have the tendency to float on the sea surface, with possible impacts on the sea surface microlayer (SML). The SML is an enriched biofilm of marine organic matter, that plays a key role in biochemical and photochemical processes, as well as controlling gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. Recent studies indicate that plastics can interfere with the microbial cycling of carbon. However, studies on microplastic accumulation in the SML are limited, and their effects on organic matter cycling in the surface ocean are poorly understood. To explore potential dynamics in this key ocean compartment, we ran a controlled experiment with standard microplastics in the surface and bulk water of a marine monoculture. Bacterial abundance, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and oxygen concentrations were measured. The results indicate an accumulation of CDOM in the SML and immediate underlying water when microplastic particles are present, as well as an enhanced oxygen consumption. If extrapolated to a typical marine environment, this indicates that alterations in the quality and reactivity of the organic components of the SML could be expected. This preliminary study shows the need for a more integrated effort to our understanding the impact of microplastics on SML functioning and marine biological processes.

scholarly journals Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Pradeep Ram ◽  
X. Mari ◽  
J. Brune ◽  
J.P. Torréton ◽  
V.T. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Production ◽  
Lytic Infection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Halong Bay ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
The Impact

Increasing human activity has raised concerns about the impact of deposition of anthropogenic combustion aerosols (i.e., black carbon; BC) on marine processes. The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a key gate for the introduction of atmospheric BC into the ocean; however, relatively little is known of the effects of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, which can strongly influence microbially mediated processes. To study the impact of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, field investigations involving collection from the SML and underlying water were carried out in Halong Bay (Vietnam). Most inorganic nutrient concentrations, as well as dissolved organic carbon, were modestly but significantly higher (p = 0.02–0.05) in the SML than in underlying water. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon (though not chlorophyll a) and of total particulate carbon, which was composed largely of particulate BC (mean = 1.7 ± 6.4 mmol L–1), were highly enriched in the SML, and showed high variability among stations. On average, microbial abundances (both bacteria and viruses) and bacterial production were 2- and 5fold higher, respectively, in the SML than in underlying water. Significantly lower bacterial production (p < 0.01) was observed in the particulate fraction (>3 µm) compared to the bulk sample, but our data overall suggest that bacterial production in the SML was stimulated by particulate BC. Higher bacterial production in the SML than in underlying water supported high viral lytic infection rates (from 5.3 to 30.1%) which predominated over percent lysogeny (from undetected to 1.4%). The sorption of dissolved organic carbon by black carbon, accompanied by the high lytic infection rate in the black carbon-enriched SML, may modify microbially mediated processes and shift the net ecosystem metabolism (ratio of production and respiration) to net heterotrophy and CO2 production in this critical layer between ocean and atmosphere.

Comparison of sampling devices for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in the sea surface microlayer

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Garcı́a-Flor ◽  
C. Guitart ◽  
L. Bodineau ◽  
J. Dachs ◽  
J.M. Bayona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

Determination of apparent sampling thickness of sea surface microlayer

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun ◽  
Ding Hai-bing ◽  
Wu Zhi-jian ◽  
Zhang Zheng-bin ◽  
Liu Lian-sheng
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

Response : CLOD Spreading in the Sea-Surface Microlayer

Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (5238) ◽  
pp. 897-898
Author(s):  
Mark M. Littler ◽  
Diane S. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer
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