scholarly journals Effects of electrical and laser acupuncture to the stellate ganglion on autonomic nervous system.

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Masaaki SHINOHARA ◽  
Norihiro YAMAUCHI ◽  
Koichi KAMIMURA ◽  
Hiroaki NOBUHARA ◽  
Hirohisa ODA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Laser Acupuncture ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Sympathetic Blocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gilligan ◽  
Shafik Boyaji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Celiac Plexus Block ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plexus Block ◽  
Sympathetic Blocks

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions. It is composed of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively). The sympathetic nervous system, in addition to its vital role as part of the autonomic nervous system and the emergency response, is thought to be involved in numerous pathologic, painful conditions. These conditions are referred to as Sympathetically Mediated Pain (SMP). SMP is often considered a result of a vicious circle of events, which include changes in peripheral and central somatosensory processes. This assumption is based upon the observations that the pain is spatially correlated with signs of autonomic dysfunction, blocking the efferent sympathetic supply to the affected area would relieve the pain. Sympathetic blocks emerged as a way to help diagnose and treat several painful conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), phantom pain, neuralgias, herpes zoster, and even fibromyalgia. Additionally, sympathetic blockades have been used to improve perfusion, treat angina and malignant arrhythmias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This review contains 1 table and 68 references. Key words: Sympathetic nervous system, sympathetically mediated pain, sympathetic blocks, neuropathic pain, chronic pain, stellate ganglion block, celiac plexus block, lumbar sympathetic block, superior hypogastric plexus block

A review of cardiac autonomics: from pathophysiology to therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Julian ◽  
Blaine Prichard ◽  
Joseph Raco ◽  
Rahul Jain ◽  
Rohit Jain
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Extrinsic Innervation ◽  
Intrinsic Component

The effective management of cardiovascular diseases requires knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the heart and an understanding of how perturbations of said components affect cardiac function. The innate cardiac conduction system, which begins with cardiac pacemaker cells and terminates with subendocardial Purkinje fibers, is modulated by said systems. The intrinsic component of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, which remains incompletely elucidated, consists of intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons that tightly regulate cardiac electrical activity. Extrinsic components of the autonomic nervous system, such as carotid baroreceptors and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulate sympathetic input to the heart through the stellate ganglion and parasympathetic input via the vagus nerve. There remains a need for additional therapies to treat conditions, such as advanced heart failure and refractory arrhythmias, and a better understanding of autonomics may be key to their development.

Autonomic nervous system regulation of epicardial coronary vein systolic and diastolic blood velocity as measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Hellenbrand ◽  
G. A. Klassen ◽  
J. A. Armour ◽  
O. Sezerman ◽  
B. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Coronary Vein ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The velocity of blood in a major epicardial coronary vein accompanying the left anterior descending coronary artery of dogs was measured by means of a 140-μm fiber optic probe connected to a laser Doppler velocimeter. Right atrial pressure, left ventricular intramyocardial and cavity pressures, aortic pressure, as well as peripheral and central coronary venous pressures were compared with the velocity of blood measured in the epicardial coronary vein midway between the sites of the catheters measuring proximal and distal coronary vein pressures. During control conditions, coronary vein velocity was 14–18 cm/s during systole and 1.0–2.1 cm/s during diastole. Right stellate ganglion stimulation, norepinephrine or isoproterenol increased diastolic coronary vein velocity significantly, whereas left stellate ganglion stimulation did not. Average peak systolic velocity was not affected by these interventions. During these positive inotropic interventions, the peak coronary vein velocity usually occurred later in the cardiac cycle than during control conditions. Positive inotropic interventions appeared to decrease coronary vein velocity during systole and increase it during diastole. Left vagosympathetic trunk stimulation decreased diastolic but not systolic coronary vein velocity and usually caused peak coronary vein velocity to occur earlier in the cardiac cycle than during control states. Changes induced by vagosympathetic trunk stimulation usually occurred within one cardiac cycle. It is concluded that coronary vein blood velocity can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

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