scholarly journals Retrieving, Curating and Depositing Skulls at Pitted Ware culture Sites

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-179
Author(s):  
Tobias Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
General Treatment ◽  
Mortuary Practice ◽  
South Central ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Human Skulls

At many Middle Neolithic sites in south-central Scandinavia associated with the hunter-gatherer complex known as the Pitted Ware culture, the skulls of humans and animals seem to have been treated differently from other skeletal elements. This is evident, for example, in inhumation graves lacking crania or entire skulls as well as numerous finds of cranial and mandibular fragments scattered in cultural layers or deposited in hearths and pits. Despite parallels in overall treatment and find contexts, the selective handling of human skulls has generally been regarded as a mortuary practice and thus qualitatively different from the handling of animal skulls. Focusing primarily on the head bones themselves and relating their treatment to the wider use of skeletal remains allows us to consider a more complex system of retrieving, modifying, curating and depositing crania and mandibles. Drawing on the overlapping general treatment of human and animal remains, it is suggested that head bones from both humans and animals were efficacious objects that could be used in depositional acts.

scholarly journals ON SOME RESULTS OF THE ZOOARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES BASED ON THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE XVII – XVIII CENTURY KUZNETSK

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
S. S. Onischenko ◽  
Y. V. Shirin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article presents the analysis of faunal collections obtained during the excavation of the Kuznetsk in 2012 and dated to the XVII – XVIII centuries. There were studied 1534 remains of domestic and wild mammals, birds and fish. The result shows the similarities and differences in the structure of asynchronous zooarchaeological assemblage, synchronous of household buildings and cultural layers outside, peculiarities of formation of bone-bearing sediments at different sites and zoogenic impact on these processes. As for animal remains, cows and pigs prevailed; as for fish, the leading role belonged to the sturgeon. It is assumed that the main elements of the economic structure of the settlers were house cattle breeding, fishing and occasionally hunting for moose, bear, fox, hare, and wild birds. The settlers also had dogs, cats, sheep, horses, chicken. The analysis results are discussed  in  the  context  of  distinctions  of  life  of  separate  microsocieties,  vertical and horizontal relocation of bone residues and their transformation. 

Pataraya: The Archaeology of a Wari Outpost in Nasca

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Edwards ◽  
Katharina Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Rectangular Enclosure ◽  
Local Site ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nasca Valley

The research reported in this article explores Wari imperial strategies in the upper Nasca Valley of south-central Peru and, building on previous research, documents the flexibility and diversity of those strategies. The focus of these investigations is the site of Pataraya, a small Wari provincial outpost, and its environs. Despite its size, the rectangular enclosure at Pataraya is well planned and conforms to the canons of Wari state architecture documented at other Wari provincial sites. The site was founded early in the Middle Horizon (A.D. 650-1000) and then abandoned during the collapse of the Wari system. Extensive excavation at this condensed version of the Wari building tradition—over 60 percent—uncovered a pattern of spatially segregated use and access within the enclosure. Activities were relegated to specific patio groups with little replication of function, and the sectors themselves were connected by an astonishingly complex system of narrow corridors. The site appears to have been involved in the transfer of coastal products, especially cotton, to the sierra along an ancient road that is also associated with another much larger Wari compound and with the reorganization of an older local site near modern-day Uchuymarca, both of which were also documented during the project.

scholarly journals Intra-line and inter-individual variation in Sardinian arrepentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 496-510
Author(s):  
Paolo Bravi ◽  
Teresa Proto
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
South Central ◽  
Singing Style ◽  
Musical Accompaniment

AbstractS’arrepentina is a genre of extemporary poetry performed by semi-professional poets, both at informal gatherings and in public contests in south-central Sardinia. The name arrepentina refers both to the genre/performance in its entirety, and to the set of metrical forms and rhyme schemes used during the performance. Lines occur in non-strophic (stichic) form, and are made up of halflines linked by a complex system of rhymes. Unlike similar metrical forms, s’arrepentina is not performed in a “free rhythm” singing style. Typically, poets improvise their verses accompanied by an accordion, which provides a steady pulse. In this study, we investigate variation in nine arrepentinas and we aim to determine the degree of rhythmical variability in each halfline by measuring it against the underlying meter provided by the musical accompaniment. From the analysis, it emerges that the rhythmical variants are concentrated at specific positions, and their distribution suggests an asymmetry between the two halflines. Some inter-individual variation among the poets also appears in their preference for one type of variant over others.

scholarly journals The Sequence of Human Occupation in the Atacama Oases, Chile: A Radiocarbon Chronology Based on Human Skeletal Remains

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Torres-Rouff ◽  
Mark Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
South Central ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
New Information ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Future Work

The San Pedro de Atacama oases have been permanently occupied since ca. 2500 B.P. and over this time developed a rich culture that was intertwined with social developments in the south-central Andes. However, despite decades of archaeological research, the region still lacks a strong chronological framework based on absolute dates. Here we present 53 new AMS 14C dates from osteological remains from San Pedro de Atacama, in order to contribute to an understanding of the Atacameño cultural sequence. These dates suggest that some cemeteries were occupied for long periods, frequently transcending cultural phases, and that in fact a number of cemeteries within the same ayllu were in use concurrently. We also show that, not surprisingly, population displacement through time primarily follows oscillations in the sources of water. The new information presented here suggests that future work in the region should emphasize detailed analyses that consider intra-ayllu variability, given that diversity within periods is masked by the uniform use of cultural phases to describe human development.

Planting the Bones: Hunting Ceremonialism at Contemporary and Nineteenth-Century Shrines in the Guatemalan Highlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life History ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
History Of

AbstractFrom the Classic period to the present, scholars have documented the widespread Maya belief in a supernatural guardian of the animals who must be appeased in hunting rituals. Despite this resilience, features and deposits entering the archaeological record as a result of hunting ceremonies remain largely unknown. I describe several contemporary and nineteenth-century shrines used for hunting rites in the Maya highlands of Guatemala. These sites contain a unique feature, a ritual fauna cache, which consists of animal remains secondarily deposited during hunting ceremonies. The formation of these caches is informed by two beliefs with historical time depth: (1) the belief in a guardian of animals and (2) the symbolic conflation of bone and regeneration. The unique life history of remains in hunting-related ritual fauna caches suggests a hypothesis for puzzling deposits of mammal remains recovered archaeologically in lowland Maya caves. These may have functioned in hunting rites designed to placate the animal guardian and ensure the regeneration of the species via ceremonies that incorporated the secondary discard of skeletal remains. A review of the ethnographic literature from the Lenca, Huichol, Nahua, Tlapanec, and Mixe areas reveals similar hunting rites indicating a broader Mesoamerican ritual practice.

scholarly journals Wild Mammals in the Economy of Wrocław (Poland) as an Example of a Medieval and Modern Era City in the Light of Interdisciplinary Research

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2562
Author(s):  
Marta Pietruszka ◽  
Jerzy Piekalski
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Cultural Layers

The purpose of this article was to determine the role of wild animals in the economy of a historical city on the basis of archaeological and cultural layers of medieval and early modern Wrocław from the 11th to the 17th century. Archaeozoological analyses were applied, mainly encompassing the percentage share of particular animal species and the research of material culture, i.e., items manufactured from bones, antlers and hides of wild animals. The collected data were compared with written sources. As a result of the following analysis, a low but stable frequency of bone remains in urban layers and is evidence for occasional breaching of the medieval hunting laws by burghers, possibly driven by the opportunity to sell meat and other wild animal products on the markets. Moreover, the relatively low amounts of items made from bones, antlers and wild animal leather may indicate low availability or seasonality (shed antler) of the materials, which might have indirectly raised the product price. Additionally, the area around Wrocław did not feature large forest complexes, which are habitats of wild game, thus explaining the low frequency of wild animal remains in the archaeozoological material.

The Buhl Burial: A Paleoindian Woman from Southern Idaho

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Green ◽  
Bruce Cochran ◽  
Todd W. Fenton ◽  
James C. Woods ◽  
Gene L. Titmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
South Central ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
North American Indian ◽  
The Town

In January 1989 highway workers encountered human skeletal remains in a gravel quarry in south-central Idaho near the town of Buhl. Excavation revealed the remains of a young Paleoindian woman, 17–21 years of age at the time of death, with craniofacial attributes similar to other North American Indian and East Asian populations. She was buried in windblown and colluvial sediments immediately overlying Bonneville flood gravel. Grave goods include a large stemmed biface, an eyed needle, and a bone implement of unknown function. Isotopic analysis suggests a diet of meat and fish, including anadromous fish. Radiographs show numerous periods of dietary stress throughout the woman's childhood. AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) dating indicates an age of 10,675±95 B.P., and geomorphological studies verify this single radiocarbon date suggesting it is the burial's minimum age. Following Idaho State law, the skeleton was claimed by the Shoshone-Bannock tribes of Idaho and reburied.

A Reproducible Selective Stain for Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
R. A. Waugh ◽  
J. R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a complex system of intracellular tubules that, due to their small size and juxtaposition to such electron-dense structures as mitochondria and myofibrils, are often inconspicuous in conventionally prepared electron microscopic material. This study reports a method with which the SR is selectively “stained” which facilitates visualizationwith the transmission electron microscope.

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