scholarly journals The Historical Archaeology of the Medieval Crisis in Scandinavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Katarina Briksson ◽  
Ingunn Holm ◽  
Håkan Karlsson ◽  
Jenny Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Industrial Expansion ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

In the wake of the Black Death in i 1350 Europe saw demographic disaster, economic decline, and social and political breakdown. Thousands of farms were deserted. This is the Medieval Agrarian Crisis. The latest decadesof outland archaeology, primarily within the frames of rescue archaeology, have made it possible to outline the course of the crisis in the forested parts of middle Scandinavia. The 14th and 15th centuries were a time of economic change rather than economic decline. However, various areas changed in different ways. When taking outland production into account the medieval crisis has to be conceptualised in another way; it was not solely an agrarian crisis. It was also early industrial expansion and change towards extensive farming.

scholarly journals Dereliction, decay and the problem of de-industrialization in Britain, c. 1968–1977

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-256
Author(s):  
Aaron Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Urban Decay

AbstractDe-industrialization and the rise of the service sector have formed the basis of recent attempts to develop a new metanarrative of economic change in twentieth-century Britain. Their effects have been taken as writ through labour market statistics or aggregate measures of gross domestic product. However, by focusing on particular micro-economic spaces, a different story emerges. Using the inner areas of Liverpool as a case-study, this article shows how the city's social and economic problems were underwritten by the decline of the service sector, located around the port. By reading the effects of social and economic change through accounts of the physical environment, it demonstrates how urban decay and dereliction provided material resonance to Liverpool's economic decline. The city's landscape of urban decay and dereliction encompassed the infrastructure of everyday life – housing, roads and even trees – as well as that of economic activity, including the docks and warehouses. Taken together, this article shows how this landscape of urban decay and dereliction came to be constituted as an agent within Liverpool's continued economic decline in the 1970s rather than simply being a reflection of it.

The Later Middle Ages: Agrarian Crisis, Constitutional Conflicts, and Scandinavian Unions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Bagge
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

This chapter examines the socioeconomic and political consequences of the agrarian crisis triggered by the Black Death and how the Black Death was related to the dynastic unions during the later Middle Ages. It first considers the origins of the union by focusing on the dynastic and political aspects of the Black Death, and in particular the renewed Scandinavian integration during the period 1261–1397. It then discusses the Kalmar Union and the conflicts over it between monarchy and aristocracy in 1434–1523, as well as the reasons for the collapse of the union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms. It also explores state formation in Scandinavia in the later Middle Ages before concluding with an analysis of the Reformation and its consequences during the years 1523–1537.

scholarly journals Migration and changing divisions of labour: gender relations and economic change in Koguta, western Kenya

Africa ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Francis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

A case study from western Kenya is used to explore the links between labour migration, rural economic decline and changes in key domestic relationships. Twentieth-century transformations in the regional political economy, together with processes of differentiation, have been closely bound up with changes, and continuities, in relationships within households, and in the ideologies which justify them. A central concept in the analysis is that of divisions of labour, which covers the division of tasks, divisions of spheres of responsibility and authority and contributions to the reproduction of the household. Changes in all these have shaped, and have been shaped, by the trajectory of economic decline in the region. Changing divisions of labour have been slow, piecemeal, non-uniform and non-linear. They have been the subject of intense conflicts within households which have centred on questions of access to and control over resources and in which, as well as power relations, ideas about rights and responsibilities have been crucially important.

The Late Middle Ages, 1350–1530

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-273
Author(s):  
Stephen Mileson ◽  
Stuart Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Shared Stories ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Local Traditions

The period after the Black Death saw a dramatic demographic reversal and significant structural economic change, including the withdrawal of lords from direct farming. Vale and Chilterns remained distinctive, but in some links were strengthened and experiential differences were reduced. This chapter examines how perceptions of village space were affected by a steepening of village hierarchy and by increased geographical mobility. Great divergence between settlements is revealed in terms of forms and possibly strength of engagement and attachment. The character of social space in villages is examined in part through an innovative study of the reach of church bells, based on fieldwork carried out during the project. Field names are used to uncover shared stories and local traditions, which may have been cultivated and used especially by senior tenants.

Economic Reform and Political Transition in Africa The Quest for a Politics of Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Political Liberalization ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Institutional Foundations

The 1980s were bracketed by crises in Africa, as protracted economic malaise was succeeded by a wave of political reform. Analysts have sought to understand the sources of economic decline as well as the political requisites for recovery in the region. Neoclassical and structuralist analyses have been challenged by state-centric views of economic change. The latter perspective emphasizes the need for capable developmental states as a basis for long-term adjustment, but a political theory of economic change is still lacking. Such a theory must address the institutional foundations of growth, as well as the shifting basis of social coalitions in African regimes. Political liberalization suggests the possibility of a new setting for economic reform, though the effects of political reform on institutions and coalitions remain ambiguous, and democratization cannot be regarded as a panacea for the region's developmental failure. Future research must look more closely at the interests and structures in transitional regimes, and scholars should adopt a more comparative vantage on Africa's challenges of reform.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

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