scholarly journals Looking into the Recent Past: Extending and Exploring the Field of Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Mats Burström
Keyword(s):  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The archaeology of the recent past is a growing field of research. Is this merely a chronological extension of the field of archaeology, or is it something more? What motivates an archaeological interest in a period of time for which there are so many other sources of information? Here it is argued that the archaeology of the recent past is important not only to bring to light other stories than those generally told, but also to bring to the forc theoretical issues of general relevance for archaeology. The latter concern what material remains can be more than just potential sources of information about the past.

Voters and Voting in Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Schoen ◽  
Sigrid Roßteutscher ◽  
Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck ◽  
Bernhard Weßels ◽  
Christof Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Theoretical Issues

After a brief review of the scholarly discussion about the idea that context affects political behavior, this chapter proposes a model for the analysis of contextual effects on opinion formation and voting behavior. It highlights theoretical issues in the interplay of various contextual features and voter predispositions in bringing about contextual effects on voters. This model guides the analyses of contextual effects on voter behavior in Germany in the early twenty-first century. These analyses draw on rich data from multiple voter surveys and various sources of information about contextual features. The chapter also gives an overview of different methodological approaches and challenges in the analysis of contextual effects on voting behavior.

scholarly journals Barriers to identifying and obtaining CME: a national survey of physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen O’Brien Pott ◽  
Anissa S. Blanshan ◽  
Kelly M. Huneke ◽  
Barbara L. Baasch Thomas ◽  
David A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Search ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background CPD educators and CME providers would benefit from further insight regarding barriers and supports in obtaining CME, including sources of information about CME. To address this gap, we sought to explore challenges that clinicians encounter as they seek CME, and time and monetary support allotted for CME. Methods In August 2018, we surveyed licensed US clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants), sampling 100 respondents each of family medicine physicians, internal medicine and hospitalist physicians, medicine specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants (1895 invited, 500 [26.3%] responded). The Internet-based questionnaire addressed barriers to obtaining CME, sources of CME information, and time and monetary support for CME. Results The most often-selected barriers were expense (338/500 [68%]) and travel time (N = 286 [57%]). The source of information about CME activities most commonly selected was online search (N = 348 [70%]). Direct email, professional associations, direct mail, and journals were also each selected by > 50% of respondents. Most respondents reported receiving 1–6 days (N = 301 [60%]) and $1000–$5000 (n = 263 [53%]) per year to use in CME activities. Most (> 70%) also reported no change in time or monetary support over the past 24 months. We found few significant differences in responses across clinician type or age group. In open-ended responses, respondents suggested eight ways to enhance CME: optimize location, reduce cost, publicize effectively, offer more courses and content, allow flexibility, ensure accessibility, make content clinically relevant, and encourage application. Conclusions Clinicians report that expense and travel time are the biggest barriers to CME. Time and money support is limited, and not increasing. Online search and email are the most frequently-used sources of information about CME. Those who organize and market CME should explore options that reduce barriers of time and money, and creatively use online tools to publicize new offerings.

Entertainment and Resonance

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Peter Vorderer
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Entertainment Theory

This chapter aims to differentiate between two kinds of media use experiences that in the past twenty some years have uniformly been labeled entertainment experiences. In the background of four identified fundamental assumptions in entertainment theory (entertainment as reception phenomenon, disparity between what media users want and what they should want, entertainment between approaching and avoiding affective states, entertainment as self-transcendence) media experiences are dichotomized between those that serve users’ hedonic motivations, needs, and interests and others, more fundamental experiences of resonance (which in the recent past have often been labeled eudaimonic) that connect users to the content of a media narrative and ultimately changes them. The argument is made here for communication scholars and media psychologists to refer to entertainment experiences only in the first case in order to be less vague and ambiguous in explicating entertainment theory.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Contributions of Narrative Psychology to Ethnic Identity Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin Syed
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ethnic Identity Development ◽  
Narrative Psychology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Quantitative Rating ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The purpose of this chapter is to showcase how narrative, or the stories that people tell about their experiences, is a useful theoretical and methodological tool for understanding ethnic identity development. Over the past two decades, research on ethnic identity development has primarily relied on quantitative, rating-scale instruments (Phinney, 1992; Sellers et al., 1998). While this methodology has contributed to a strong knowledge base regarding the correlates and developmental course of ethnic identity (Quintana, 2007), what has been lacking is an analysis of the lived experiences that constitute one’s ethnic identity and contribute to its development. To this end, the chapter includes a synthesis of published and ongoing studies to illustrate how a narrative approach can contribute to theoretical issues of major importance to the study of ethnic identity: how ethnic identity develops, the role of context in development, and the dimensionality of ethnic identity. These examples highlight the close connection between method and theory, as well as how narrative research can inform subsequent survey-based work.

scholarly journals Analysis of Japanese newspaper articles on genetic modification

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. A02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuma Shineha ◽  
Aiko Hibino ◽  
Kazuto Kato
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Current Mass ◽  
Newspaper Articles

The rapid spread of technologies involving the application of “Genetic Modification (GM)” raised the need for science communication on this new technology in society. To consider the communication on GM in the society, an understanding of the current mass media is required. This paper shows the whole picture of newspaper discourses on GM in Japan. For the Japanese public, newspapers represent one of the major sources of information on GM. We subjected the two Japanese newspapers with the largest circulation, the Asahi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun, to an analysis of the full text of approximately 4000 articles on GM published over the past to perform an assessment of the change of reportage on GM. As for the most important results, our analysis shows that there are two significant shifts with respect to the major topics addressed in articles on GM by Japanese newspapers.

Reflections on Human Rights: An Eastern European Perspective

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Tamäs Földesi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Do So

To create a state-theory that can answer the social problems of today, to break away from the theses that merely interpret the classics – as the sciences dealing with the economy managed to do during the past 15–20 years – is the main task of social sciences dealing with the theoretical issues of the state these days. If they fail to do so, their work will be forced to the periphery of the social movements, will not be able to assist the processes of society. It is my conviction that this is a vast responsibility of the social sciences in our age.

scholarly journals Ontology-Mediated Historical Data Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Tools for an Integrated Construction of the Past

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Esther Travé Allepuz ◽  
Pablo del Fresno Bernal ◽  
Alfred Mauri Martí
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Past Theory

Building upon the concepts of constructed past theory, this paper introduces the outcome of ontology-mediated data modeling developed by the authors within the last 15 years. Assuming that the past is something constructed through reflection of former times, one of our major concerns is guaranteeing the traceability of the construction process of an integrated historical discourse built from all available sources of information, regardless of their origin or nature. Therefore, by means of defining key concepts such as ‘unit of topography’ and ‘actor’, we created an information system for data gathering and exploitation and applied it to some experiences of construction of the past. When applied within the archaeological domain, the result is an archaeological information system interoperable with other sources of historical information. Its strength is that it ensures the traceability of the process from the beginning avoiding the introduction and repetition of errors within the system. Along with the main case example developed in this paper, we also summarize some other data modeling examples within the same conceptual framework.

Creating Political Order: Maintaining Student Engagement through Reacting to the Past

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Lightcap
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Freshman Seminar ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The Past

ABSTRACTSurveys indicate that there is more interest today in politics among college students than has been the case in the recent past. This article describes a multidisciplinary freshman seminar aimed at using that interest to promote student engagement and the Reacting to the Past simulations at the course's center.

The influence of considering the past, present, and future on college satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Bubic
Keyword(s):  
College Major ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
College Satisfaction ◽  
Consideration Of Future Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Students Satisfaction

Although we all live in the present and often hear about the importance of living “here and now”, every moment of our lives is highly influenced by explicit and implicit thoughts about our past and potential future. The present study investigated the relation between individuals' tendencies to either drift towards the past by, e.g. constantly re-evaluating and regretting past choices, towards the future by, e.g. basing present actions on anticipated future consequences, and their inclination to deal with the present by either committing to chosen alternatives or procrastinating on their implementation. Finally, the influence of these factors on participants' satisfaction with their chosen college major was also explored. The obtained results indicate a close relationship between the assessed considerations of different temporal directions. Furthermore, regret, procrastination, commitment (choice closure), and consideration of future consequences (future focus) were revealed as statistically significant predictors of students' satisfaction with their college major. These findings indicate that individuals' considerations of various temporal directions influence their valuation of own choices and life outcomes and open new questions regarding the general relevance and effects of mental time travel.

Ensemble modelling or selecting the best model: Many could be better than one

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. BARAI ◽  
YORAM REICH
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Data Modelling ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Ensemble Modelling ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Better Than

In the course of data modelling, many models could be created. Much work has been done on formulating guidelines for model selection. However, by and large, these guidelines are conservative or too specific. Instead of using general guidelines, models could be selected for a particular task based on statistical tests. When selecting one model, others are discarded. Instead of losing potential sources of information, models could be combined to yield better performance. We review the basics of model selection and combination and discuss their differences. Two examples of opportunistic and principled combinations are presented. The first demonstrates that mediocre quality models could be combined to yield significantly better performance. The latter is the main contribution of the paper; it describes and illustrates a novel heuristic approach called the SG(k-NN) ensemble for the generation of good-quality and diverse models that can even improve excellent quality models.

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