scholarly journals A Review of Archaeological Research on Saami Prehistory in Sweden

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Torun Zachrisson

The prehistoric remains of the largest part of Sweden as we know it today belonged to the circumpolar culture, out of which the Saami culture grew. Swedish archaeology has, however, concentrated on south Scandinavian culture, later to become what we call Germanic. This article mainly deals with the Saami Iron Age. Recent research on northern Sweden deals with settlement pattern and resource utilization, iron production and forest reindeer hearding. The material from central Sweden, on the other hand is much more difficult to interpret ethnically because of the Saamis' near contact with and partial assimilation into the growing Germanic culture here —mainly a result of internal development, not of "colonization". The dominating view among archaeologists that the late hunter-gatherer culture here was synonymous with the Saami culture is supported by information from contemporary written sources.

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Rossella Maraffino

Abstract In this paper, I will deal with the diffusion pattern of the progressive periphrases (PROGPER) attested in the minority languages that are present in the areas of Swiss Grisons, Trentino-Alto Adige and Friulian Carnia. I will individualize on the one hand the vectors of diffusion between the standard languages and the minority varieties; on the other hand, I will explain the mechanism of adaptation or re-elaboration of the borrowed structure in the replica language. Finally, I will pinpoint which of this structure replication seems to be the result of an internal development witnessed in the Alpine area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karađole ◽  
Igor Borzić

Repeated excavations of the area of the early Byzantine fort on Žirje, an island in the Šibenik archipelago, resulted in recovery of a substantial amount of movable finds, predominantly pottery. Most finds date to the period of Justinian's reconquista in the mid-6th century when the fort was used, but there are also some artifacts of earlier or later dating (Iron Age, Hellenistic and early Imperial periods; medieval and postmedieval periods) whose presence is explained by continuous strategic importance of the fort position. Late antique material has been analyzed comprehensively in terms of typology. Dating and provenance contexts of the finds have also been determined. Presence of pottery from the main production centers that supplied the eastern Adriatic at the time has been attested. This refers in particular to the north African and Aegean-eastern Mediterranean area providing fine tableware and kitchen pottery, lamps and various forms of amphorae. On the other hand, participation of local workshops in supply of the Byzantine soldiers stationed in Gradina probably relates to prevailing forms of kitchenware.


Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (60) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Matheson

The rabbit shares one characteristic with the archaeologist—both dig into the earth. Hence the latter, contemplating some object or evidence revealed by his spade, may sometimes be viewing merely the result of the activities of a humbler but much more numerous type of excavator. Is he not warned to ‘always make sure that an apparent post-hole is not a rabbit- or rat-hole’? And does not Professor James Ritchie describe the rabbit as ‘a burrower and a vandal which makes short cuts through the neat layers and classifications of the excavator’? On the other hand, the rabbit's activity or lack of it may on occasion be of service; it was a long patch of virgin turf on Easton Down, untouched by rabbits or moles, which led Dr Stone in 1932 to remove the turf, thus revealing a layer of tightly packed flint nodules covering a Bronze Age urn-field. Hence no apology, we feel, is needed for an article on the rabbit in a journal primarily concerned with archaeological research; particularly as much of the article deals with the status of the rabbit in medieval times, a topic which has already figured briefly in ANTIQUITY.


10.29007/gr8r ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Herrero Zorita ◽  
Antonio Moreno-Sandoval

The main objective of this work is to perform a comparative analysis of sentence and main noun phrases complexity in two different types of discourses, written media and academic prose, using a trained syntactic parser (Stanford PCFG Parser). For this purpose, we have selected three written sources: a general media corpus, a medical media subcorpus and a medical academic prose subcorpus. From a total of more than 160000 sentences, we have carefully selected as the study sample a total of 300, which have been morphologically and syntactically annotated.Influenced by other studies related to syntax and statistics, our hypothesis is that NPs from academic prose and written media will contain four or more words, and those belonging to academic prose will be larger than the latter. The NPs studied are those that perform the main functions of the clause: subject, object (direct and indirect), attribute and time expressions. The results show a confirmation of our hypothesis. The academic subcorpus has the longest sentences and more complex NPs than the other texts. On the other hand, written media corpora achieve smaller NPs but their results are quite similar.


2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pettersson

A declining and restructured reindeer herd is forcing some Sami into other permanent or temporary occupations. In the Swedish parts of Sami land, Sápmi, an increasing number of Sami are involved in small companies dealing with tourism that focuses on their culture. These companies, their products and their location, are today relatively well known. What the tourists demand and appreciate, on the other hand, is not so well known. The purpose of this paper is to analyse which factors matter when tourists make their decisions. Using the stated preference method, respondents were requested to evaluate a number of hypothetical alternatives. The tourists' opinions and considerations were measured in respect of three attributes; the companies' offers, the prices for these products and access. The study shows that there seems to be a considerable potential in these kinds of activity and that there is, in some respects, a gap between supply and demand.


Author(s):  
Charles Bonnet

The two cities of Kerma and Dokki Gel represent the center of an independent Nubian kingdom that stood up to Egyptian hegemony over a long period of time. Archaeological research carried out in Kerma has enabled us to trace the main development phases of the capital and to identify its main institutions, often influenced by Egypt. On the other hand, the city of Dokki Gel is different in nature, and its unusual architecture, displaying oval or circular monuments, leads us to consider an external input from neighboring countries, probably from the south, like Punt or ancient powers of Darfur. One can thus suggest that the armies of neighboring kingdoms took part in the defense of the territory in the form of coalitions mentioned in some sources contemporary with the conquest of Kerma by the pharaoh’s armies. The establishment of a menenu (fortress) by Thutmose I at Dokki Gel marks a breach that lasted three centuries, and the start of the Egyptianization of the city of Pnubs.


1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Rubenstein

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the mythic dimension of rabbinic thought. Much of this work emerged from debates between scholars of Jewish mysticism over the origins of kabbalistic myth. Should these origins be sought in external traditions that influenced medieval Judaism or within the rabbinic tradition? As is well known, Gershom Scholem claimed that the rabbis rejected myth in order to forge a Judaism based on rationality and law. Moshe Idel, on the other hand, argues that mythic conceptions and specifically the mythicization of Torah appear in rabbinic literature. While the medieval kabbalists elaborated and developed these ideas, they inherited a mythic worldview from the rabbis. Scholars are now increasingly likely to characterize many classical rabbinic sources as mythic. Medieval myth need not have been due to external influence, but should be seen as an internal development within Judaism. Despite the appearance of mythic thought in rabbinic literature, however, a tremendous gulf remains between rabbinic and kabbalistic myth. The full-blown theogonic and cosmogonic myths of the kabbalists, the complex divine structure of the Sefirot, and the detailed expressions of the theurgic effect of ritual (that is, the effect that specific rituals have upon God or the Sefirot) represent a mode of mythic thinking far more comprehensive than that of the rabbis. In rabbinic literature one finds mythic motifs—succinct, independent, and self–contained expressions—not fully developed myths. How exactly did rabbinic myth develop into medieval mystical myth?


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Javier Etxagibel

In the research work "Silvain Pouvreauren hiztegiaren iturriak eta testukritikaren metodologia" (ASJU XLII-2, 2008, 69-118) we studied the Pouvreau’s literature and lexical sources with the support of the text criticism. Among the conclusions, we pointed out the need of going deep into the study of the mentioned written sources, and to approach to the aspects of the Pouvreau’s lexicography that in the previous works carried out by several researchers had been insufficiently studied or remained unstudied, i.e. the dictionary patterns apart from Voltoire’s one (ASJU XLIV-2, 2010, 221-278) on what Pouvreau could based to prepare theirs, the structuration’s process of the dictionary, their chronology, the gathered basque spoken testimonies, evolution with the time of dictionary’s entries and subentries, and so on. These objectives prompted us to carry out with the aid in this occasion the metalexicography and the text criticism, the doctoral thesis called Pouvreauren hiztegia testukritika eta metalexikografiaren argitan that we defended in november of 2014.In this number of ASJU we present the section of the thesis "Pouvreauren hiztegiaren antolakuntza" that is divided in three subsections: i) about dictionary’ structure, i.e. macro and microstructure ii) about French lexicography pattern, i.e. traces of the French lexicographers Voltoire, Oudin and Nicot in the Pouvreau’s dictionary. iii) about structuration of the dictionary.The main results we have obtained are the following: the nomenclature is organized in an ethymological order as that Nicot’s dictionary has. Regarding the microstructure, our results are not conclusive, because Pouvreau’s original manuscript has a lot of marginal entries, Spanish equivalents, proverbes and so on, that difficult to draw out any final conclusion. On the other hand, Nicot’s and Oudin’s dictionaries were the main patterns that Pouvreau utilized to organize theirs, at a greater extent than Voltoire’s one. In efect, it looks like Pouvreau consulted the two dictionaries simultaneously, but choosing the ethymological order of the Nicot’s one as the guide. Finally, and according with our hypothesis Pouvreau utilized mainly two starting languages to structure their dictionary: i) French: on one hand looking for the correspondant Basque equivalents to Nicot’s and Oudin’s entries, and on the other hand, but an a more little extent by incorporating as entries several terms from he himself translated texts from French to Basque, ii) Basque: incorporating Basque authors’ and spoken testimonies.


Author(s):  
Laura Minervini

The linguistic history of the Italian, French, and Occitan Jewish communities may be reconstructed thanks to the survival of both written records and modern dialects. The situation of the three groups, however, sharply diverges in terms of quality and quantity of the available sources and retention of their linguistic identity after the medieval period. For the Jewish communities of the Italo-Romance area, there is a corpus of medieval and modern texts, mostly in Hebrew script, and with several dialectological inquiries for modern and contemporary dialects. As for the Jewish communities of Northern France, only a limited corpus of medieval written sources exists, because the French-speaking Jews were linguistically assimilated to their respective environments after the 1394 expulsion from the kingdom of France. On the other hand, the records of the Occitan-speaking Jews are scanty for both the medieval and the modern periods, when they apparently maintained a certain amount of linguistic distinctiveness.


Author(s):  
Лилия Александровна Стрельцова

Процессы, происходящие в современном информационном мире, неизбежно влияют на традиционные сообщества. Интернет является площадкой, где активно распространяются традиционные тексты, имевшие ранее ограниченное хождение в силу специфики их сохранения и воспроизведения. Представители непальской народности лимбу создали группу в социальной сети Facebook, где публикуют свои мифы, генеалогии, сказки и предания. Через платформу соцсети мифы доходят до более широкой аудитории, к тому же она предоставляет возможность для активного обсуждения. Меняется язык (с языка лимбу на непальский) и форма изложения (с поэтической на прозаическую). Мифы воспроизводятся не со слов шаманов, но по письменным источникам: санскритским текстам, работам европейских и местных ученых. Это иллюстрирует стремление лимбу придать «вес» собственной религии и традиции. Намечается разрыв в мифоритуальных практиках. Ритуал обсуждается только в связи с жертвоприношениями, которые воспринимаются частью участников как признак отсталости общества. Наибольшую значимость приобретает антропогонический миф, поскольку именно вера в общее происхождение является одним из важнейших критериев этничности. Активное воспроизведение мифа о творении человека в социальных сетях является одним из факторов, позволяющих лимбу сохранять чувство этнической общности Traditional societies are inevitably influenced by processes happening in the modern informational world. The internet is a place for active distribution of traditional texts, which formerly had limited circulation. The Limbu (or Yakthung) people of Nepal have created a Facebook group where they post their myths, genealogies, tales and legends. The social network makes it easy for these myths to reach a broad audience and provides an opportunity for active discussion. The language used is changing - from the Limbu language to Nepali - as well as the medium of speech (from the poetry to prose). The posted myths are based not on a shaman’s words but on written sources, i. e. Sanskrit texts, and works of local or foreign scholars. This shows how the Limbu aim to raise the profile of their religion and tradition. A rupture may be seen in mythical and ritual practices. Ritual is only discussed in the context of sacrifices, which some of the Limbu consider a sign of social backwardness. On the other hand, the anthropogonic myth has been gaining additional importance because the belief in common ancestry constitutes one of the most important criteria of ethnicity. Active sharing of anthropogonic myths on the social network thus allows the Limbu to preserve their sense of ethnic unity.


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