scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DARK TRIAD TRAITS ON DECISION-MAKING STYLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-93
Author(s):  
Radka Čopková ◽  
Zuzana Christenková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Styles

The aim of present study was to explain the relationships of Dark Triad with decision-making styles. We assumed an association of decision-making styles with the Dark Triad traits that represent aversive personality traits, because previous studies identified relationships between the Dark Triad and the Big Five features and similarly, the relationships of the Big Five traits with decision-making styles have been confirmed. The research was conducted on a sample of 127 participants (M = 40.65 years; SD = 4.68). The sample consisted of 55.1% women (n = 70) and 44.9% men (n = 57). The data were subjected to correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Machiavellianism correlated significantly positively with avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous decision-making styles. Narcissism correlated significantly positively with spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. Psychopathy correlated significantly positively with avoidant and spontaneous decision-making style and significantly negatively with rational decision-making style. The value of the results lies in revealing what decision-making strategies are used by people with different socially aversive personality traits. Finding explanations for why some people use non-adaptive decision-making styles and experience the negative results of their decisions in real life, which cause their overall discomfort, can be explained by their dark features.

Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702098843
Author(s):  
Johanna Hartung ◽  
Martina Bader ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY OF THE SME MANAGER AND THEIR COMPANY’S PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850021
Author(s):  
JASNA AUER ANTONCIC ◽  
BOSTJAN ANTONCIC ◽  
DARJA KOBAL GRUM ◽  
MITJA RUZZIER
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Representative Random Sample

This study addresses a certain research issue: how do the Big Five personality traits of managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) impact the business performance of companies? A representative random sample of managers of SMEs in Slovenia was used for data collection through survey research. Hypotheses and the model were tested using structural equation modeling. A valuable contribution is made in the form of a new model of Big Five personality induced SME growth, profitability and new value creation. Openness of managers can be predictive of growth and new value creation of their companies, with the new value creation impact especially expressed in female-managed companies. Conscientiousness may not be crucial for performance, except for new value creation in females where this relationship can be negative. Extraversion can predict the growth and profitability. Agreeableness can have negative effects on all performance elements. Neuroticism can be predictive of growth and profitability. Practitioners must be aware of the importance of managers’ Big Five personality traits for SME performance. Where possible, managers may like to develop their levels of openness, extraversion, non-agreeableness and neuroticism.

Examining Decision Making Styles in Patients with Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Considering Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322-3322
Author(s):  
Olabunmi A. Agboola ◽  
Paula Edwards ◽  
Christopher R. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Styles

Abstract The assessment of the risks and benefits involved in autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a challenging task commonly faced by patients (pts) with lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), and other cancers. Individuals’ decision-making styles can influence how pts evaluate complex treatment decisions. Methods: To examine how pts with lymphoma and myeloma make treatment decisions we performed a pilot study in which we administered an 80-item questionnaire to assess pts’: Desired Role in decision making, Need for Cognition, Need for Structure, and General Decision Making style. During the visit, the physician and pt discussed possible treatment options, and a 38-item post-visit questionnaire was administered to assess patients’ strength of preference for ASCT, perceptions of physician and caregiver’s preferences, and decision satisfaction. Questions were derived from previously validated questionnaires and used 5-point Likert scales. Results: Questionnaires were administered to 25 pts (9 aggressive NHL, 9 indolent NHL, 4 Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 MM, and 2 undergoing evaluation for lymphoma). 72% of pts were male and 68% were married with a median age for the group of 50 years (Range 22–83). Pts had received a median of 1 prior regimen (range 0–4). 36% of pts rated their current health as excellent/very good, 32% good, and 32% fair/poor. All pts completed all pre-visit questions. 76% of pts completed all post-visit questions. Most pts expressed a desire that doctors make treatment decisions alone (68% agree/strongly agree) or with pt input (72%). Fewer pts believed they should make treatment decisions alone (32%) or with a doctor’s input (48%). 64% of pts had high scores for rational decision making style, whereas 28% scored high for an intuitive style, and only 4% high for a spontaneous style of decision making (Distribution shown in table). However, few pts expressed a strong need for structure (16%) or need for cognition (4%) in their decision making process. 89% of pts felt satisfied with the information they received for decision making and satisfied and comfortable with their decision. However, 32% of pts wanted clearer advice. Conclusions: Examining pts decision making styles during the process of care is feasible and can uncover pt characteristics that are relevant for improving treatment discussions. Pts in this sample tended to use rational decision making styles but wanted the physician to assume control for decision making. Additional studies are needed examine these factors in larger populations of lymphoma and MM pts, understand their associations with demographic variables, and design and test decision support systems that account for pt preferences .and help pts and hematologists with treatment selection. Decision Making Style Values Decision Making Syle GDMS-Intuitive GDMS-Dependent GDMS-Rational GDMS-Spontaneous Need for Structure Need for Cognition Median 18 17 20 12 38 57 Min 10 10 8 8 27 40 Max 22 21 25 20 51 73 Possible Range 5–25 5–25 5–25 5–25 11–55 18–90

Examining Decision Making Styles in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Regarding Allogeneic Stem Cell Tranplantation (ASCT)

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Olabunmi A. Agboola ◽  
Pareen J. Shenoy ◽  
Paula J. Edwards ◽  
James R. Eckman ◽  
Christopher R. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Treatment Selection ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Styles

Abstract Background: ASCT is currently the only curative option of cure for patients (pts) with sickle-cell disease. Assessing the risk and benefits of ASCT in pts with SCD is challenging due to variability in the morbidity and mortality of the disease and ASCT for individual pts. The impact of transplantation on quality of life, patient understanding of ASCT, and physician factors, all influence treatment selection. Individuals’ decision-making styles can influence how patients evaluate complex treatment decisions and thus how they view ASCT. Methods: To examine how patients with SCD make treatment decisions we performed a pilot study in which we administered an 80-item questionnaire to assess pts’: Desired Role in decision making, Need for Cognition, Need for Structure, Personal Fear of Invalidity, and General Decision Making style. During the visit, the research team and pt discussed the risks and benefits of ASCT and how they view their current treatment. Then, a 38-item post-visit questionnaire was administered to assess patients’ strength of preference for ASCT, perceptions of physician and caregiver’s preferences, and decision satisfaction. Questions were derived from previously validated questionnaires and used 5-point or 6-point Likert scale. Results: Questionnaires were administered to 25 pts (6 Sickle-Hemoglobin C (SC), 18 sickle cell anemia (SS), and 1 Sickle Beta-Thalassemia) undergoing evaluation of sickle cell disease. Patients were 18–71 years of age with 36% of pts being male. On an average, pts had experienced 4–7 episodes of sickle-cell crisis (min 0–3, max 16+). 20% of pts rated their current health as excellent/very good, 44% good, and 36% fair/poor. All pts completed all pre-visit and post-visit questions. Most pts expressed a desire that doctors make treatment decisions alone (68% agree/strongly agree) or with pt input (64%). An equally high number of pts (64%) believed they should make treatment decisions alone or with a doctor’s input. 64% of pts had high scores for rational decision making style, whereas 40% scored high for an intuitive style, 24% scored high for dependent style, and only 4% high for an avoidant style of decision making (Distribution shown in table). 72% of pts felt satisfied with the information they received for decision making and 88% were satisfied with their decision. However, 44% of pts wanted clearer advice. Conclusions: Examining pts decision making styles during the process of care is feasible and can uncover pt characteristics that are relevant for improving treatment discussions. Pts in this sample tended to use rational decision making styles but wanted clearer advice. Additional studies are needed examine these factors in larger populations of pts with sickle cell disease, understand their associations with demographic variables, and design and test decision support systems that help pts and hematologists with treatment selection. General Decision Making Style (GDMS) Values Rational Intuitive Dependent Avoidant Spontaneous Need for Structure Need for Cognition Median 20 19 17 12 12 44 52 Min 8 10 10 6 7 28 18 Max 25 25 25 21 19 58 63 Possible Range 5–25 5–25 5–25 5–25 5–25 11–66 18–90

Evaluation and the Administrator: How Decisions are Made

1974 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Roser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reading Program ◽  
Reading Programs ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Actual Decision

The investigator describes how principals, supervisors, and central office personnel made decisions in public school reading programs. The study compares the actual decision-making processes with a theoretical model of rational decision making. Typical decisions for administering and supervising a school reading program were obtained from job descriptions and from literature in reading education. Test subjects identified their respective decisions. Through interviews, these administrators and supervisors described the processes by which their identified decisions had been made and compared the descriptions with a representative rational model of decision-making in order to determine how real life decision-making processes approximated a theoretical model. Regardless of staff position, there appeared to be no difference in group ability to identify respective administrative decisions. Analysis of the actual decision-making processes employed by administrators indicated an incomplete awareness of a rational decision-making prescription. Past experience and intuition, rather than attempts to identify alternative actions and to weigh these for relative merit, were the basis of the greatest number of decisions.

Exploring Big Five personality traits and gender as predictors of entrepreneurs’ cognitive adaptability

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Bajwa ◽  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Haris Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive role of personality and gender in cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs. By using the theories of personality development, social learning, situated cognition and meta-cognition, a logical relationship between personality traits, gender difference and entrepreneurs’ cognitive adaptability was established. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative strategy and cross-sectional survey method was then deployed to empirically investigate the purposed relationships between variables of interest. Randomly selected 443 working entrepreneurs responded to the survey. Findings Factor analyzed structural equation modeling estimated cognitive adaptability as a second-order factor, with extroversion and neuroticism having a significant impact on cognitive adaptability. Multi-group moderation revealed a significant difference among females and males against the same two personality traits. Originality/value This study in its nature is the first attempt to link Big Five personality traits with cognitive adaptability of entrepreneurs.

Personality traits and investor sentiment

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kent Baker ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Nisha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Biases ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper examines the relation between the Big Five model of personality traits and behavioral biases (overconfidence, disposition effect, anchoring, representativeness, metal accounting, emotional bias and herding) of Indian individual investors when making investment decisions. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from 515 stock investors in India between August 2016 and January 2017. Based on components identified through factor analysis, the authors use structural equation modeling to examine the effect of specific personality traits. Findings The findings indicate a significant association between the traits of neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness as well as behavioral biases of individual investors. Openness has a significant relation with only mental accounting and the agreeableness trait has no relation with the behavioral biases examined. Research limitations/implications The findings imply that understanding investor personality differences and investment psychology can help financial advisors and wealth managers modify products and services to better suit client needs. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the impact of the Big Five model of personality traits on various behavioral biases among Indian investors.

Fast or slow? Decision-making styles in small family and nonfamily firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duarte Pimentel ◽  
Marc Scholten ◽  
Joao Pedro Couto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Family ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Styles

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore differences in the decision-making styles between family and nonfamily firms, while assessing how family participation relates to the use of decision-making styles within family firms. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 155 firms, located in the Azores, Portugal, 82 family controlled and 73 nonfamily controlled firms. All firms included in the sample are small-sized privately owned enterprises. Business owners and managers responded to a decision-making styles questionnaire, followed, in the case of family firms, by the report of the number of family members actively involved in the business. Findings Results show that there are no differences in the use of rational decision making between family and nonfamily firms. However, nonfamily firms show higher levels of experiential decision making than family firms. Results also show that family participation plays a key role in guiding the decisional process, by promoting the use experiential decisions and inhibiting the adoption of a rational decision-making styles in family firms. Research limitations/implications From a theoretical perspective, this study opens the door to new research on an under investigated topic in the family business literature. It contributes with initial notions that may help profile the decisional style within small family firms, while revealing how family participation affects it. Thus, creating a fertile ground of discussion that can be an impulse for more research in this area. Practical implications From an applied perspective, assessing the influence of family participation in the adoption of a decisional style is potentially valuable for practitioners as well as for owners and managers. Providing them with clues that may help them better understand the basis of their decisions which can benefit their relations with other family members, as with customers, partners and suppliers that play a key role in the firm’s growth, profitability and adaptability. Social implications From a social point of view, showing that family firms tend to be rational in their decisions may help create a more reputable and credible image surrounding these firms that are sometimes perceived as less professional than nonfamily firms. Thus, a more solid reputability can help improve their relationship with important partner institutions (e.g. financial, governmental), becoming more attractive to private and public investment, which can translate into win-win situations. Originality/value This study responds to a gap in the literature, by exploring the use of experiential vs rational decision-making styles in small family and nonfamily firms. This study also contributes to the understanding of the decision making within family firms, by assessing the role of family participation in the adoption of a decisional style.

scholarly journals Relations between purchase decision styles and personal characteristics of buyers

Marketing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Jelena Matanović ◽  
Kristina Markov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Purchasing Decision ◽  
Impulsive Buying ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Decision Styles

The aim of the presented research is to examine whether certain personality traits can predict the decision-making styles in the context of purchasing among Serbian customers. The research involved 462 respondents of different genders, ages and levels of education. The decision-making styles of purchasing were examined using the SDKO questionnaire. SDKO questionnaire measures purchasing decision-making styles (Planners, Ethno-eco oriented, Trendsetters, Bargain hunters, Sceptics). Personality traits like Extraversion, Neuroticism and Openness to experience were measured with subscales from the Big Five Inventory, Impulsiveness was measured with Scale of Innovativeness; and Impulsiveness with the Impulsive Buying Scale (BIC). Regression analyzes were performed on the data and the results show that a set of predictors can be used to predict three purchasing decision-making styles: Planners, Ethno-eco oriented and Trendsetters. The obtained results were discussed in relation to their theoretical and practical significance for marketing practice.

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