Monumental Memorialization of Political Violence in Bulgaria (1944 – 1989): beyond Traumatization, Contestation and Dangerization of Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Valentin Voskresenski
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Trajectories ◽  
Empirical Material

The article examines monumental memorialization of political violence in the period of communism in Bulgaria. The text reviews contemporary research presenting the topic of transitional justice, formation of victim’s identities and as part of post-communist cultural memory. A research is made of three theoretical approaches to understanding monumental memorialization – through traumatization, contestation or dangerization of memory and the social functions and meanings stemming from them. The analytical part represents a case study from Bulgaria, using ample empirical material – interviews, archive materials and other sources, part of a larger research by the author. Comparative analysis is used for description of national idiosyncrasies which is used as a basis to present their variants, temporal and spatial aspects. Social functions, political uses, interpretations, their use for reconstruction of national past and formation of national identity. A separate part of the text examines the initiators of these memorial signs – social actors, nongovernmental organizations and political parties, on which the degree of institutionalization and politization of this memory depends, as well as their use for far right radicalization. The text tracks the change of memorial landscapes and the major spatial trajectories (logics) of this post-communist topography of terror, as well as the symbolism embodied in it, combining political, traditional and religious meanings.

scholarly journals Anti-migrant Islamophobia in Europe. Social roots, mechanisms and actors

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (53) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Fabio Perocco
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mass Media

Abstract During the last two decades of rising anti-migrant racism in Europe, Islamophobia has proven to be the highest, most acute, and widely spread form of racism. The article shows how anti-migrant Islamophobia is a structural phenomenon in European societies and how its internal structure has specific social roots and mechanisms of functioning. Such an articulate and interdependent set of key themes, policies, practices, discourses, and social actors it is intended to inferiorise and marginalise Muslim immigrants while legitimising and reproducing social inequalities affecting the majority of them. The article examines the social origins of anti-migrant Islamophobia and the modes and mechanisms through which it naturalises inequalities; it focuses on the main social actors involved in its production, specifically on the role of some collective subjects as anti-Muslim organizations and movements, far-right parties, best-selling authors, and the mass-media.

Anatomy of a Violent Protest Wave: Understanding the Mechanisms of Escalation and De-Escalation in Far-Right and Anti-Fascist Street Clashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-209
Author(s):  
Leanne C. Serbulo
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
State Security ◽  
Social Polarization ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract With the rise of right-wing populist ideologies and ensuing social polarization, political violence has become more widespread. Between 2017 and 2019, far-right extremists and anti-fascists engaged in more than twenty violent protest clashes in Portland, Oregon, USA. Through a protest event analysis of those clashes supplemented with a case study of the protest wave, this paper explores how the mechanisms of radicalization and de-radicalization operate when two violent protest movements collide and interact with state security forces. The three-way interaction among a movement, counter-movement, and the police can produce unanticipated outcomes. For example, rather than de-escalating the situation, police underbidding resulted in an increase in violence between the two movements. Understanding how the mechanisms of radicalization and de-radicalization function in a movement/counter-movement protest cycle can provide insight into the ways in which a movement’s strategy and their adversaries’ responses to it can increase or decrease levels of violence.

The historical composition of the lexicon as a stylistic factor in a text-oriented culture: a case-study from Modern Hebrew

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Reshef
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Linguistic Characteristic ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Diachronic Changes

This article studies the relevance of an historical lexical analysis to the stylistic description of Modern Hebrew texts. The examination of the lexical make-up of two distinct genres - administrative language and folksong - reveals a correlation between the social functions of the corpora and their formal characteristics. The administrative corpus reflects the lexical structure of standard Modern Hebrew. The folksong, on the other hand, is influenced by literary and ideological considerations. Consequently, it gives expression to the cultural ties with the traditional Hebrew sources by an abundant use of inherited lexicon. The findings suggest that in text-oriented cultures such as Hebrew, stylistic description can benefit from an historical analysis. Such an analysis responds to an intrinsic socio-linguistic characteristic of the language, and complements the structural stylistic analysis. Following Sarfatti (1990), the lexical analysis is based on distinctions drawn within each lexical item between three elements - root, form and meaning. Such a distinction takes account of diachronic changes in the semantic value of lexical items. It pinpoints factors characterizing the corpora’s lexical composition and enables multi-level distinctions between different types of discourse. As a result, it sheds light on one aspect of genre differentiation in the language.

scholarly journals THE SOCIOLOGY OF LAW PERSPECTIVE ON CHILD PROTECTION AT THE SYAR’IYAH COURT IN ACEH

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Fajri M Kasim ◽  
Abidin Nurdin ◽  
Ridhwan Ridhwan
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Sociology ◽  
Banda Aceh

This study aims to examine child protection at the Syar'iyah Court in Aceh from the perspective of the sociology of law. This research uses the study of legal sociology, which is an approach that views law as a tool to create order and order in society. The approach used is a case study of child protection in court decisions in Banda Aceh, Bireuen, and Lhokseumawe regarding child guardianship. Meanwhile, data collection techniques are literature studies and court decisions. This study concluded that the Syar'iyah Court in Banda Aceh granted guardianship rights to adult male siblings and to become guardians and take care of parental inheritance. In Bireuen, guardianship rights are given to the mother for a child because her father who has a pension salary is left behind. Whereas in Lhokseumawe, guardianship rights are also given to the mother while the living father is obliged to give one million per month and education and health costs. In addition, judges also become al-Qur’an, Hadith, and the opinions of the ulama as arguments in their decisions that are in accordance with the sociological characteristics of religion in Aceh. This shows that the Syar'iyah Court as part of the social system and judges as social actors have functioned to provide child protection so as to create order and order in society.

14. Green Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-284
Author(s):  
Robyn Eckersley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Green It ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

This chapter examines how environmental concerns have influenced International Relations theory. It first provides a brief overview of the ecological crisis and the emergence of green theorizing in the social sciences and humanities in general, along with the status and impact of environmental issues and green thinking in IR theory. It then investigates green theory’s transnational turn and how it has become more global, while critical IR theory has become increasingly green. It also considers the different ways in which environmental issues have influenced the evolution of traditional IR theory. It concludes with a case study of climate change to illustrate the diversity of theoretical approaches, including the distinctiveness of green theories.

Mobile Media and Social Interaction

2016 ◽  
pp. 357-379
Author(s):  
Manuel José Damásio ◽  
Sara Henriques ◽  
Inês Teixeira-Botelho ◽  
Patrícia Dias
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transformation Processes

This chapter discusses the new social configurations society is undergoing on the basis of media emergence. Media are embedded in the arousal of communication and information transmission becoming the form, the infrastructure and the institution for the social and culture. This chapter focuses on mobile communication, having as central goal to debate on the processes of mediatization and mediation of society, as well as on the processes of belonging and social cohesion. Data from mobile internet adoption and use will be discussed in the light of the above mentioned theoretical approaches. An empirical case study will also be approached and results will provide contributions for the understanding of this type of technology adoption processes and the increasing importance of mobility in cultural and social practices, promoting an exciting discussion on the centrality of media nowadays and the current transformation processes society is undergoing.

22. Transitional Justice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna R. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the link between transitional justice and human rights. Atrocities such as genocide, disappearances, torture, civil conflict, and other gross violations of human rights leave states with a puzzling and often difficult question: what to do with the perpetrators of such acts of violence. Transitional justice takes into account the social implications of such conflicts. Its emphasis is on how to rebuild societies in the period after human rights violations, as well as with how such societies, and individuals within those societies, should be held to account for their actions. The chapter considers three paradigms of transitional justice, namely: retributive justice, restorative justice, and reparative justice. It also discusses the proliferation of the number of mechanisms of transitional justice at work and concludes with a case study of transitional justice in Uganda.

scholarly journals Digital Environmentalism: A Case Study of PM2.5 Pollution Issue in Chinese Social Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Yanshuang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Civil Discourse ◽  
The Common

The emergence of social media over the last decade has substantially altered not only the means people communicate with each other but also the whole online ecosystems. For the common public in particular, social media enables and broadens the social conversation that anyone interested can engage in on urgent social problems such as environmental pollution. In China, the ever-thickening air pollution smothering most urban cities in recent years has provoked a nationwide discussion, and popular social media like Weibo has been fully utilised by various social actors to participate in this “green speak”. This paper examines the civil discourse about the deteriorating air pollution on China’s largest microblogging platform-Sina Weibo, and seeks to understand how different social actors respond to and reconstruct the reality. Through a discourse analysis aided by a text analytics/ visualisation software—eximancer, this paper investigates the civil discourse from three angles: the demographics, the discursive strategies and the potential social effect. The result suggests that proactive civil engagement in this issue has produced an environmental discourse with a wide range of topics involved, and that the benign interactions between social actors could give rise to a proactive interactional mode between Chinese state and civil society which would definitely be beneficial to the democratisation process in contemporary China.

scholarly journals Economic aspects of forest education for general public in Poland. A case study of promotional forest complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Uglis ◽  
A Jęsczmyk ◽  
J Sikora ◽  
A Wartecka-Wažynska
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Forestry ◽  
Forest Education

Forest plays an important role in humane life.Nowadays, a significant development of tourism and education can be observed in the forests. For many visitors forests are the destination of tourist trips. However, in order to develop tourism successfully there, the forest areas have to be properly developed. Recreation and relax in forest can become an additional source of income for forest districts and their administrative entities. This activity constitutes an important source of income for the local economy through the costs incurred by visitors for the journey to the forest for educational and recreational purposes. Within the framework of this institution there are. In Poland, in 2016, there were 25 Promotional Forest Complexes (PFCs), whose task is to realize the social functions of forests. FPCs are an original Polish idea for promoting ecological forestry. Foresters within PFCs conduct various activities, including promoting sustainable forest economy, supporting scientific research and providing forest education for general public. The educational activity of PFCs is financed by two sources of funding internal (own) financing and external financing (foreign). The main source of financing education in PFCs is the own resources of the forest districts. The aim of the article is to show the forms of forest education in Poland, as well as its economic aspects. It also presents the expenditures and benefits drawn from the development of the educational function of forests. The author attempts to evaluate the prospective cost of visitors’ attendance in these areas. In order to write the article, the authors used the following research methods: empirical analysis of secondary materials, literature analysis and statistical analysis.  

scholarly journals Twardowski – Rubczyński – Hempel. Religia jako humanistyczny element myślenia o rzeczywistości społecznej

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kojkoł
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Polish Philosophy ◽  
The Social

This article offers an interpretation of the views of three thinkers who represent theoretical approaches to the social functions of religion. These are: K. Twardowski, W. Rubczyński i J. H. Hempel. The discussed views, which are characteristic of Polish philosophy, emphasize the import_ance or religion and all kinds of faith for shaping a human being who is open to “Others” and shaping spirituality based on altruism. The authors presented in the article have the highest respect for outstanding people who do not abandon themselves to passions, focus on the matters most import_ant for the state, promote sound patriotism and reject political nationalism.

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