Contralateral Suppression of Transient Otoacoustic Emissions and Sentence Recognition in Noise in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 686-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Alyson K. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Release From Masking

Background: One purported role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system is to reduce the effects of masking noise. MOC system functioning can be evaluated noninvasively in humans through contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions. It has been suggested that the strength of the MOC efferent activity should be positively associated with listening performance in noise. Purpose: The objective of the study was to further explore this notion by examining contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and sentence recognition in two noises with normal hearing young adults. Research Design: A repeated measures multivariate quasi-experimental design was employed. Study Sample: Thirty-two normal hearing young adult females participated. Data Collection and Analysis: Reception thresholds for sentences (RTSs) were determined monaurally and binaurally in quiet and in competing continuous and interrupted noises. Both noises had an identical power spectrum and differed only in their temporal continuity. “Release from masking” was computed by subtracting RTS signal-to-noise ratios in interrupted from continuous noise. TEOAEs were evoked with 80 dB peSPL click stimuli. To examine contralateral suppression, TEOAEs were evaluated with 60 dB peSPL click stimuli with and without a contralateral 65 dB SPL white noise suppressor. Results: A binaural advantage was observed for RTSs in quiet and noise (p < .0001) while there was no difference between ears (p >.05). In noise, performance was superior in the interrupted noise (i.e., RTSs were lower vs. continuous noise; p < .0001). There were no statistically significant differences in TEOAE levels between ears (p >.05). There was also no significant difference in the amount of suppression between ears (p = .41). There were no significant correlations or predictive linear relations between the amount of TEOAE suppression and any indices of sentence recognition in noise (i.e., RTS signal-to-noise ratios and release from masking; p > .05). Conclusions: The findings are not consistent with the notion that increased medial olivocochlear efferent feedback, as assessed via contralateral suppression of TEOAEs, is associated with improved speech perception in continuous and interrupted noise.

Reception Thresholds for Sentences in Quiet, Continuous Noise, and Interrupted Noise in School-Age Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Release From Masking ◽  
Effect Of Age

Sentence recognition in noise was employed to investigate the development of temporal resolution in school-age children. Eighty children aged 6 to 15 years and 16 young adults participated. Reception thresholds for sentences (RTSs) were determined in quiet and in backgrounds of competing continuous and interrupted noise. In the noise conditions, RTSs were determined with a fixed noise level. RTSs were higher in quiet for six- to seven-year-old children (p = .006). Performance was better in the interrupted noise evidenced by lower RTS signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) relative to continuous noise (p < .0001). An effect of age was found in noise (p < .0001) where RTS S/Ns decreased with increasing age. Specifically, children under 14 years performed worse than adults. "Release from masking" was computed by subtracting RTS S/Ns in interrupted noise from continuous noise for each participant. There was no significant difference in RTS S/N difference scores as a function of age (p = .057). Children were more adversely affected by noise and needed greater S/Ns in order to perform as well as adults. Since there was no effect of age on the amount of release from masking, one can suggest that school-age children have inherently poorer processing efficiency rather than temporal resolution. Se utilizó el reconocimiento de frases en ruido para investigar el desarrollo de la resolución temporal en niños de edad escolar. Dieciocho niños con edades entre 6 y 15 años y 16 adultos jóvenes participaron. Los umbrales de recepción de frases (RTS) se determinaron en silencio y ante ruidos de fondo de competencia, continuos o interrumpidos. En condiciones de ruido, los RTS se determinaron contra un nivel fijo de ruido. Los RTS fueron más alto en silencio para los niños de seis a siete años de edad (p = .006). El desempeño fue mejor en medio de ruido interrumpido, con una tasa señal/ruido (S/N) menor para RTS, en relación al ruido continuo (p < .0001). Un efecto de la edad se encontró en medio de ruido (p < .0001) donde la S/N para RTS disminuyó conforma aumentó la edad. Específicamente, los niños menores de 14 años de edad funcionaron peor que los adultos. Se computó "liberación del enmascaramiento" sustrayendo las S/N para RTS en ruido interrumpido, de las de ruido continuo para cada participante. No existieron diferencias significativas en los puntajes de diferencia de las S/N para RTS como función de la edad (p = .057). Los niños se vieron más adversamente afectados por el ruido y necesitaron de mayores S/N para rendir tan bien como los adultos. Dado que no existió un efecto de la edad en la cantidad de liberación del enmascaramiento, uno puede sugerir que los niños de edad escolar tienen una eficiencia de procesamiento inherentemente más pobre que su resolución temporal.

scholarly journals Otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression in tinnitus sufferers with normal hearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Elmoazen ◽  
Hesham Kozou ◽  
Basma Elabassiery
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The general consensus on the role of hearing loss in generating tinnitus is not relevant in tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds. One source of tinnitus may be related to damage to outer hair cells (OHC) of the cochlea. If the OHC of the human cochlea are to be involved in the generation of tinnitus, testing of Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) could provide a reliable means of recording OHC dysfunction. We investigated the role of OHC and cochlear efferent system in tinnitus development in normal hearing ears through studying of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) amplitudes, contralateral suppression amplitudes and suppression value in 15 normal hearing tinnitus patients and 15 control subjects. Results Mean f2 DPOAE amplitudes and contralateral suppression were significantly lower in tinnitus group compared to controls for all frequencies from 1001 to 6348 Hz. Suppression values of DPOAEs revealed lower but not significant difference between tinnitus and control groups for all frequencies except 1587 and 6348 Hz. TEOAE amplitudes and contralateral suppression were significantly lower in tinnitus groups for all frequencies from 1000 to 4000 Hz compared to the control group. Suppression value of TEOAEs revealed no significant difference between the two groups for all frequencies except 3000 and 4000 Hz were significantly lower in the tinnitus group compared to the control group. Conclusions Normal hearing manifested by pure tone audiometry in non-vascular tinnitus sufferers does not exclude OHC and/or cochlear efferent pathology.

scholarly journals Proposal for implementing the Sentence Recognition Index in individuals with hearing disorders

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Julio Costa ◽  
Sinéia Neujahr dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Hundertmarck Lessa ◽  
Carolina Lisboa Mezzomo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Listening Condition ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
New Strategies

Purpose: To present and describe a new strategy and protocol for obtaining the Sentences Recognition Indexes (SRI), using the Lists of Phrases in Portuguese test (LPP), considering words in the analysis of responses; to analyze and compare the results using the previous and the new strategies by checking their applicability and suitability. Methods: To consider each word of the sentence, words were classified according to their importance: functional and content words, assigning them, respectively, two and one points. SRI were obtained in 33 normal hearing adults, and results were compared using the two strategies. Results: A new protocol was established. Each point corresponds to the following percentages in each list: 1B, 1.11%; 2B, 1.13%; 3B, 1.17%; 4B, 1.16%; 5B, 1.20%; and 6B, 1.11%. The median SRI obtained through usual and new strategies were, respectively, for the list 1B: 60 and 82.57%; 2B: 70 and 80.79%; 3B: 50 and 76.60%; 4B: 70 and 82.60%; 5B: 50 and 77.20%; and 6B: 60 and 82.14%. A significant difference was found when these strategies were compared. Conclusion: New strategy and protocol for evaluating the SRI were developed using the LPP test, considering each word of the sentence. When comparing the responses it was noticed that when considering each word in the sentence it is possible to scale, more detailed and less variability, the actual ability to recognize speech of each individual, the new strategy and protocol developed confirmed its applicability and suitability to assess Sentence Recognition Indexes in Quiet in individuals with hearing disorders in a specific listening condition.

Short-Term Test–Retest Reliability of Contralateral Suppression of Click-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal-Hearing Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hannah Keppler ◽  
Sofie Degeest ◽  
Bart Vinck
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The objective of the current study was to investigate the short-term test–retest reliability of contralateral suppression (CS) of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment. Method Twenty-three young normal-hearing subjects were tested. An otoscopic evaluation, admittance measures, pure-tone audiometry, measurements of CEOAEs without and with contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS) to determine CS were performed at baseline ( n = 23), an immediate retest without and with refitting of the probe (only CS of CEOAEs; n = 11), and a retest after 1 week ( n = 23) were performed. Test–retest reliability parameters were determined on CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and on raw and normalized CS indices between baseline and the other test moments. Results Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated no random or systematic changes in CEOAE response amplitudes without and with CAS, and in raw and normalized CS indices between the test moments. Moderate-to-high intraclass correlation coefficients with mostly high significant between-subjects variability between baseline and each consecutive test moment were found for CEOAE response amplitude without and with CAS, and for the raw and normalized CS indices. Other reliability parameters deteriorated between CEOAE response amplitudes with CAS as compared to without CAS, between baseline and retest with probe refitting, and after 1 week, as well as for frequency-specific raw and normalized CS indices as compared to global CS indices. Conclusions There was considerable variability in raw and normalized CS indices as measured using CEOAEs with CAS using commercially available otoacoustic emission equipment. More research is needed to optimize the measurement of CS of CEOAEs and to reduce influencing factors, as well as to make generalization of test–retest reliability data possible.

Detection of Hearing Loss Using 2f2-f1 and 2f1-f2 Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy S. Fitzgerald ◽  
Beth A. Prieve
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Hearing Status ◽  
Stimulus Parameters

Although many distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) may be measured in the ear canal in response to 2 pure tone stimuli, the majority of clinical studies have focused exclusively on the DPOAE at the frequency 2f1-f2. This study investigated another DPOAE, 2f2-f1, in an attempt to determine the following: (a) the optimal stimulus parameters for its clinical measurement and (b) its utility in differentiating between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears at low-to-mid frequencies (≤2000 Hz) when measured either alone or in conjunction with the 2f1-f2 DPOAE. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, the effects of primary level, level separation, and frequency separation (f2/f1) on 2f2-f1 DPOAE level were evaluated in normal-hearing ears for low-to-mid f2 frequencies (700–2000 Hz). Moderately high-level primaries (60–70 dB SPL) presented at equal levels or with f2 slightly higher than f1 produced the highest 2f2-f1 DPOAE levels. When the f2/f1 ratio that produced the highest 2f2-f1 DPOAE levels was examined across participants, the mean optimal f2/f1 ratio across f2 frequencies and primary level separations was 1.08. In Experiment 2, the accuracy with which DPOAE level or signal-to-noise ratio identified hearing status at the f2 frequency as normal or impaired was evaluated using clinical decision analysis. The 2f2-f1 and 2f1-f2 DPOAEs were measured from both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears using 2 sets of stimulus parameters: (a) the traditional parameters for measuring the 2f1-f2 DPOAE (f2/f1 = 1.22; L1, L2 = 65, 55 dB SPL) and (b) the new parameters that were deemed optimal for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE in Experiment 1 (f2/f1 = 1.073, L1 and L2 = 65 dB SPL). Identification of hearing status using 2f2-f1 DPOAE level and signal-to-noise ratio was more accurate when the new stimulus parameters were used compared with the results achieved when the 2f2-f1 DPOAE was recorded using the traditional parameters. However, identification of hearing status was less accurate for the 2f2-f1 DPOAE measured using the new parameters than for the 2f1-f2 DPOAE measured using the traditional parameters. No statistically significant improvements in test performance were achieved when the information from the 2 DPOAEs was combined, either by summing the DPOAE levels or by using logistic regression analysis.

Reception Thresholds for Sentences in Quiet and Noise for Monolingual English and Bilingual Mandarin-English Listeners

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Jianliang Zhang ◽  
Shannon Swink
Keyword(s):  
Masking Effect ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Release From Masking ◽  
L1 And L2

Background: Bilingual (BL) listeners' difficulties in adverse noise conditions are exacerbated when perceiving their second language (L2) relative to their first language (L1). Perception of L2 is also significantly poorer by BL listeners compared to native monolingual (ML) listeners. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of stationary and nonstationary energetic noise maskers on L1 and L2 speech perception in native and nonnative listeners. Research Design: A mixed multivariate quasi-experimental design was employed. Study Sample: Two groups of 12 ML English-speaking and BL Mandarin-English-speaking normal-hearing young adult female volunteers participated. Data Collection and Analysis: An adaptive technique was employed to determine reception thresholds for sentences (RTSs) in quiet and in backgrounds of competing continuous and interrupted noise. The noises differed only in their temporal continuity. The sentence stimuli employed consisted of the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) and the Mandarin Hearing in Noise Test (MHINT). ML participants received the HINT stimuli while the BL participants received both HINT and MHINT stimuli. Between-group differences in RTSs were examined for the same stimuli (i.e., HINT) and for L1 stimuli (i.e., HINT vs. MHINT). Within-group differences in RTSs were examined with the BL participants' perception of L1 and L2 stimuli (i.e., MHINT vs. HINT). The amount of “release from masking” (i.e., the difference of RTS signal-to-noise ratios [SNRs] in interrupted and continuous noise) was also examined between and within groups. Results: In quiet there was no significant difference in mean RTSs between the BL and ML participants with their respective L1 stimuli; MLs had significantly lower mean RTSs in English compared to the BLs; and mean RTSs for the BLs were significantly lower for L1 versus L2 stimulus. In noise, a significantly higher RTS SNR was found for the MLs in continuous noise but not interrupted noise for L1 stimuli compared to the BLs; BLs had a significantly higher mean RTSs in English compared to the MLs; and BLs had significantly higher mean RTSs for L2 versus L1 stimuli. The release from masking was significantly greater for MLs compared to BLs with their respective L1 stimuli and with the same English stimuli. There was no significant difference for the BLs' release from masking with L1 versus L2 stimulus. Conclusion: BL listeners display significantly poorer performance when perceiving nonnative L2 sentences in quiet and in continuous and interrupted noise relative ML listeners. When listening to their respective native L1 sentences, only a difference in continuous noise was found. This difference was attributed to differential masking effect on the English stimuli. Similar performance in the interrupted noise between the ML and BL participants with L1 stimuli and the equivalent release from masking with the BL participants for both L1 and L2 stimuli suggest comparable basic auditory temporal resolving capacities between these ethnic groups.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of hearing thresholds in medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
V. M. Hemlata Katiyar ◽  
D. Elango ◽  
Vincent Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hearing thresholds of young adults with no known hearing loss or noise exposure is expected to be closer to 0 dB HL, though with the increasing usage of recreational noise through personal amplification devices there is shift in thresholds noted. Some studies have highlighted the effect of these devices on the hearing thresholds and a general shift of thresholds towards 25 dB. Objective was to determine the audiometric thresholds of a screened sample of medical students with presumed normal hearing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 103 medical students in the age group of 20 to 23 years were screened and subjected to PTA. The Pure tone average was calculated for air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) separately and also for high frequencies (HF). The average for the female students was compared with that of male students. The right ear average was compared with that of left ear.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was a statistically significant difference with higher thresholds for males in BC and HF, however the difference in AC was not significant. Between the right and left ears, there was statistically significant elevation observed in BC average in the right ear, but no significant difference was found in the HF and AC thresholds.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is evidence of thresholds especially BC, shifting more towards 25 dB HL in young adults considered to have normal hearing. Early screening will help in identifying this and prevent further elevation by judicious use of mobile phones, personal music players and personal listening devices.</p>

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