Auditory Processing Disorder And Brain Pathology In A Preterm Child With Learning Disabilities

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (07) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Iliadou ◽  
Doris-Eva Bamiou ◽  
Stergios Kaprinis ◽  
Dimitrios Kandylis ◽  
Nikolaos Vlaikidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Preterm Children ◽  
Structural Brain

Background: Auditory processing disorders involve deficits in the processing of information in the auditory domain that are not due to higher order language, cognitive or other related factors. Purpose: To evaluate the possibility of structural brain abnormalities in preterm children manifesting as auditory processing disorders. Research Design : A case report of a young girl, preterm at birth, with language difficulties, learning problems at school, and additional listening problems. Results: A diagnosis of a central auditory processing disorder was made on the basis of severe deficits in three nonspeech temporal tests (the frequency and duration pattern and the random gap detection tests). Her brain MRI revealed large porencephalic cysts and thinning of the corpus callosum. Conclusions: The observed auditory deficits would be compatible with a pressure effect of the cysts at a brainstem or higher level for the random gap detection test, and with the thinning of the corpus callosum for the pattern tests, the latter requiring interhemispheric transfer of information. The case highlights that preterm children with learning difficulties may suffer from an auditory processing disorder, in the presence of structural brain abnormalities that are due to birth and neonatal complications.

Auditory Temporal Gap Detection in Children with and without Auditory Processing Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Phillips ◽  
Michel Comeau ◽  
Jessica N. Andrus
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Simple Event ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Background: Auditory gap detection is a measure of temporal acuity. The paradigm comes in two forms, distinguished by whether the sounds bounding the silent period are the same (within channel [WC]) or different (between channel [BC]). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test normal children and children referred for auditory processing disorder (APD) assessment, with both gap detection paradigms. Research Design: Best gap durations (i.e., shortest reliably detected gaps) were measured in a two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice design embedded within a modified method of limits, for both WC and BC paradigms, with stimuli presented at 55 dB HL. Study Sample: Sixteen control children and 20 children referred for APD assessment participated in the study. Of the 20 referred children, 9 were diagnostically positive for APD (APD+), and 11 were negative (APD−). The mean age of children in all three groups was 10–11 yr. Data Collection and Analysis: Data collected were best gap durations for each paradigm, for each child. Group differences were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance. Results: WC best gap durations were very similar across the three participant groups. BC best gap durations varied significantly between listener groups, with the greatest difference being between controls and APD+ samples. Conclusions: BC best gap durations differed among the listener groups while WC ones did not. This suggests that the relative timing perceptual operations required by the BC task are more susceptible to the perceptual disturbances in APD than is the simple event detection required by the WC task.

scholarly journals Early postmortem brain MRI findings in COVID-19 non-survivors

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (14) ◽  
pp. e2016-e2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Coolen ◽  
Valentina Lolli ◽  
Niloufar Sadeghi ◽  
Antonin Rovai ◽  
Nicola Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Early Postmortem

ObjectivesThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered to have potential neuroinvasiveness that might lead to acute brain disorders or contribute to respiratory distress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigates the occurrence of structural brain abnormalities in non-survivors of COVID-19 in a virtopsy framework.MethodsIn this prospective, monocentric, case series study, consecutive patients who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria benefited from an early postmortem structural brain MRI: death <24 hours, SARS-CoV-2 detection on nasopharyngeal swab specimen, chest CT scan suggestive of COVID-19, absence of known focal brain lesion, and MRI compatibility.ResultsAmong the 62 patients who died of COVID-19 from March 31, 2020, to April 24, 2020, at our institution, 19 decedents fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Parenchymal brain abnormalities were observed in 4 decedents: subcortical microbleeds and macrobleeds (2 decedents), cortico-subcortical edematous changes evocative of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES; 1 decedent), and nonspecific deep white matter changes (1 decedent). Asymmetric olfactory bulbs were found in 4 other decedents without downstream olfactory tract abnormalities. No brainstem MRI signal abnormality was observed.ConclusionsPostmortem brain MRI demonstrates hemorrhagic and PRES-related brain lesions in non-survivors of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2–related olfactory impairment seems to be limited to olfactory bulbs. Brainstem MRI findings do not support a brain-related contribution to respiratory distress in COVID-19.

Observations on the Use of SCAN to Identify Children at Risk for Central Auditory Processing Disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F. Emerson ◽  
Kami K. Crandall ◽  
J. Anthony Seikel ◽  
Gail D. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Central Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Audiometric Test

The SCAN: A Screening Test for Auditory Processing Disorders was designed for administration in a quiet school test setting, although it is also administered by audiologists in the audiometric booth in a study seeking to screen for the presence of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in children with a history of otitis media (OM), 14 children with a history of OM and an equal number without this risk factor for CAPD (non-OM) were tested in a school setting using the SCAN and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R). Forty-three percent of the OM group failed the SCAN, as did 29% of the non-OM group; hence, the groups were not differentiated using the SCAN. To prove the effects of environment on test results, a second experiment was conducted in which six additional children were administered the SCAN in both a school setting and an audiometric test booth. Individual data revealed that subjects performed more poorly on the SCAN administered in the school setting than in audiometric test booth. The marked difference in SCAN scores between the two environments raises methodological concerns regarding the use of this instrument for indentification of children at risk for central auditory processing disorders.

Brothers with Chudley-McCullough syndrome: Sensorineural deafness, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and other structural brain abnormalities

2003 ◽  
Vol 124A (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsebet Østergaard ◽  
Vibeke Faurholt Pedersen ◽  
Elisabeth B. Skriver ◽  
Karen Brøndum-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Structural Brain

scholarly journals Cyclic Bicytopenia in a Patient with Shapiro Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Lindsey E. Roeker ◽  
Vinay Gupta ◽  
Wilson I. Gonsalves ◽  
Alexandra P. Wolanskyj ◽  
Naseema Gangat
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Structural Brain

Shapiro syndrome and periodic hypothermia have been reported approximately fifty times in the literature. Shapiro syndrome is defined as the constellation of periodic hypothermia and hyperhidrosis along with agenesis of the corpus callosum by Shapiro et al. in 1969. Periodic hypothermia is a more broad diagnosis with a number of proposed mechanisms; it occurs in patients without structural brain abnormalities. Hematologic abnormalities beyond iron-deficiency anemia have not been documented in any of the reported cases of Shapiro syndrome or periodic hypothermia. Though accidental and therapeutic hypothermia have been associated with thrombocytopenia, this is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of periodic intrinsic hypothermia causing bicytopenia. In this report, we present the case of a patient with Shapiro syndrome who experienced cyclic bicytopenia mirroring hypothermic episodes. We address the differential diagnosis of bicytopenia, review the mechanisms proposed for cytopenias related to hypothermia, and propose possible mechanisms for the finding in this case.

scholarly journals MRI Texture Analysis Reveals Brain Abnormalities in Medically Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden Danyluk ◽  
Abdullah Ishaque ◽  
Daniel Ta ◽  
Yee Hong Yang ◽  
B. Matthew Wheatley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Structural Brain

Background: Several neuroimaging studies report structural alterations of the trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Less attention has been paid to structural brain changes occurring in TN, even though such changes can influence the development and response to treatment of other headache and chronic pain conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a novel neuroimaging technique—texture analysis—to identify structural brain differences between classical TN patients and healthy subjects.Methods: We prospectively recruited 14 medically refractory classical TN patients and 20 healthy subjects. 3-Tesla T1-weighted brain MRI scans were acquired in all participants. Three texture features (autocorrelation, contrast, energy) were calculated within four a priori brain regions of interest (anterior cingulate, insula, thalamus, brainstem). Voxel-wise analysis was used to identify clusters of texture difference between TN patients and healthy subjects within regions of interest (p &lt; 0.001, cluster size &gt;20 voxels). Median raw texture values within clusters were also compared between groups, and further used to differentiate TN patients from healthy subjects (receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis). Median raw texture values were correlated with pain severity (visual analog scale, 1–100) and illness duration.Results: Several clusters of texture difference were observed between TN patients and healthy subjects: right-sided TN patients showed reduced autocorrelation in the left brainstem, increased contrast in the left brainstem and right anterior insula, and reduced energy in right and left anterior cingulate, right midbrain, and left brainstem. Within-cluster median raw texture values also differed between TN patients and healthy subjects: TN patients could be segregated from healthy subjects using brainstem autocorrelation (p = 0.0040, AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 70%), anterior insula contrast (p = 0.0002, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%), and anterior cingulate energy (p = 0.0004, AUC = 0.92, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). Additionally, anterior insula contrast and duration of TN were inversely correlated (p = 0.030, Spearman r = −0.73).Conclusions: Texture analysis reveals distinct brain abnormalities in TN, which relate to clinical features such as duration of illness. These findings further implicate structural brain changes in the development and maintenance of TN.

Behavioral and Electrophysiologic Evidence of Auditory Processing Disorder: A Twin Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 438-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Linda Thibodeau ◽  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
Jyutika Mehta ◽  
Gail Tillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Gap Detection ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Related Potentials

We administered a battery of both behavioral and electrophysiologic measures to a pair of fraternal twin girls, one of whom exhibited symptoms consistent with an auditory processing disorder. Both twins were within normal limits on standardized tests of cognitive and language skills. Basic audiometric measures, as well as behavioral tests of simultaneous masking, backward masking, gap detection, and frequency-sweep discrimination, showed little difference between the twins. Significant differences, however, were evident on event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to both within-channel and across-channel gap detection tasks. Substantial differences were also noted for ERPs to both linguistic and nonlinguistic targets in dichotic listening paradigms. The pattern of electrophysiologic results was consistent with a deficit in the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer of auditory information. A possible reason for the greater effectiveness of electrophysiologic over behavioral measures is discussed.

Benavioral indications of auditory processing disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Kerry Mcgoldrick Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Children manifest difficulties in processing auditory information through behavioral characteristics which are often disruptive and counterproductive to learning. A child may be overlooked for consideration of an auditory processing disorder merely through lack of knowledge or understanding of the problem on the part of school personnel. This article presents a description of typical behaviors which may indicate an auditory processing disorder. Some practical suggestions for helping the child use auditory information are also presented, along with a case review for illustration. These suggestions are not intended to take the place of referral for evaluation and diagnosis, but may help to make transition periods (between initial suspicion of and confirmation of an auditory processing disorder) more productive for the child.

Interaural Cross Correlation of Event-Related Potentials and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the Evaluation of Auditory Processing Disorder: A Case Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 079-087 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
Roderick McColl
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right

In a previous publication (Jerger et al, 2002), we presented event-related potential (ERP) data on a pair of 10-year-old twin girls (Twins C and E), one of whom (Twin E) showed strong evidence of auditory processing disorder. For the present paper, we analyzed cross-correlation functions of ERP waveforms generated in response to the presentation of target stimuli to either the right or left ears in a dichotic paradigm. There were four conditions; three involved the processing of real words for either phonemic, semantic, or spectral targets; one involved the processing of a nonword acoustic signal. Marked differences in the cross-correlation functions were observed. In the case of Twin C, cross-correlation functions were uniformly normal across both hemispheres. The functions for Twin E, however, suggest poorly correlated neural activity over the left parietal region during the three word processing conditions, and over the right parietal area in the nonword acoustic condition. Differences between the twins' brains were evaluated using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI). For Twin E, results showed reduced anisotropy over the length of the midline corpus callosum and adjacent lateral structures, implying reduced myelin integrity. Taken together, these findings suggest that failure to achieve appropriate temporally correlated bihemispheric brain activity in response to auditory stimulation, perhaps as a result of faulty interhemispheric communication via corpus callosum, may be a factor in at least some children with auditory processing disorder.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document