scholarly journals Test–Retest Reliability of Video Head Impulse Test in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with Dizziness

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajeshwari Govindaswamy ◽  
Nirmala Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Video Head Impulse Test ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Vestibular Pathology ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractVideo head impulse test (vHIT) is widely accepted as a test for the assessment of functional integrity of semicircular canals (SCCs). It allows for the evaluation of the functioning of all six SCCs independent of each other. It works on the principle of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). In individuals with vestibular pathologies, the VOR is impaired, and hence, the use of vHIT may provide vital information about the functional status of SCCs and the VOR pathway originating from them.In the recent past, studies reported excellent test–retest reliability of vHIT in healthy individuals. However, these studies used analysis of variance or the nonparametric counterpart Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which are insufficient statistical methods for conclusions about test–retest reliability. Further, because vHIT assesses VOR function in individuals with vestibular pathologies, it is important to assess test–retest reliability in the pathological group as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate test–retest reliability of vHIT in healthy individuals and individuals with vestibular pathology.Repeated measures.Twenty healthy individuals with no history of vestibular pathology and 20 individuals with known vestibular pathology were included.Each participant underwent vHIT testing for all three SCCs of both sides on four different occasions. VOR gain and the presence of pathological saccades were noted and analyzed for each recording.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed excellent test–retest reliability for VOR gain in both groups (ICC ≥ 0.76). Kappa coefficient analysis for the presence of refixation saccades demonstrated moderate to excellent agreement between test sessions (K ≥ 0.63) for the lateral canal. For the anterior and posterior SCC, there was large variability between sessions for refixation saccades.This study provides evidence about test–retest reliability of VOR gain and refixation saccades assessed using vHIT in healthy individuals and individuals with vestibulopathies. These findings suggest that both measures are highly reliable and replicable across test sessions, except refixation saccades in vertical canals which varied between sessions in some individuals.

Normative Data and Test-Retest Reliability of the SYNAPSYS Video Head Impulse Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Murnane ◽  
Heather Mabrey ◽  
Amber Pearson ◽  
Stephanie Byrd ◽  
Faith Akin
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Video Head Impulse Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: The observation or measurement of eye movement can aid in the detection and localization of vestibular pathology due to the relationship between the function of the vestibular sensory receptors in the inner ear and the eye movements produced by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The majority of bedside and laboratory tests of vestibular function involve the observation or measurement of horizontal eye movements (i.e., horizontal VOR) produced by stimuli that activate the horizontal semicircular canals (SCCs) and the superior vestibular nerve. The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a new clinical test of dynamic SCC function that uses a high-speed digital video camera to record head and eye movement during and immediately after passive head rotations. The SYNAPSYS Inc. vHIT device measures the “canal deficit” (deviation in gaze) during passive head impulses in the horizontal and diagonal (vertical) planes. There is, however, a paucity of data that has been reported using this device. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain normative data and assess the test-retest reliability of the SYNAPSYS vHIT (version 2.0). Research Design: A prospective repeated measures design was utilized. Study Sample: Thirty young adults with normal hearing, normal caloric test results, and a negative history of vestibular disorder, neurological disease, open or closed head injury, or cervical spine injury participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: A single examiner manually rotated each participant’s head in the horizontal and diagonal planes in two directions (left and right in the horizontal plane; downward and upward in each diagonal plane) resulting in the stimulation of each of the six SCCs. Each participant returned for repeat testing to assess test-retest reliability. The effects of ear, session, and semicircular canal (horizontal, anterior, posterior) on the magnitude of canal deficit during the vHIT were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The mean canal deficit of the horizontal canals (8.3%) was significantly lower than the mean canal deficit of the anterior canals (16.5%) and the posterior canals (15.2%); there was no significant difference between the mean canal deficits of the anterior and posterior canals. The main effects of session and ear on canal deficit were not significant, and there were no significant interaction effects. There was no significant difference between the mean canal deficit for session 1 and session 2 for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior canals. The 95th percentiles for canal deficit were 19, 26, and 22% for the horizontal, anterior, and posterior SCCs, respectively. Conclusions: Testing of all six SCCs was completed in most participants in ˜10 min and was well-tolerated. The vHIT has some important advantages relative to more established laboratory tests of horizontal SCC function including the ability to assess the vertical SCCs, lower cost, shorter test time, greater portability, minimal space requirements, and increased patient comfort. Additional data, however, should be obtained from older participants with normal vestibular function and from patients with vestibular disorders. Within-subject comparisons between the results of the vHIT and the caloric and rotary chair tests will be important in determining the role of the vHIT in the vestibular test battery.

scholarly journals Test–retest reliability of laser evoked pain perception and fMRI BOLD responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhi Bi ◽  
Xin Hou ◽  
Jiahui Zhong ◽  
Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractPain perception is a subjective experience and highly variable across time. Brain responses evoked by nociceptive stimuli are highly associated with pain perception and also showed considerable variability. To date, the test–retest reliability of laser-evoked pain perception and its associated brain responses across sessions remain unclear. Here, an experiment with a within-subject repeated-measures design was performed in 22 healthy volunteers. Radiant-heat laser stimuli were delivered on subjects’ left-hand dorsum in two sessions separated by 1–5 days. We observed that laser-evoked pain perception was significantly declined across sessions, coupled with decreased brain responses in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), right primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and middle cingulate cortex. Intraclass correlation coefficients between the two sessions showed “fair” to “moderate” test–retest reliability for pain perception and brain responses. Additionally, we observed lower resting-state brain activity in the right S1 and lower resting-state functional connectivity between right S1 and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the second session than the first session. Altogether, being possibly influenced by changes of baseline mental state, laser-evoked pain perception and brain responses showed considerable across-session variability. This phenomenon should be considered when designing experiments for laboratory studies and evaluating pain abnormalities in clinical practice.

Test–Retest Reliability, Training, and Detraining Effects Associated With the Dynavision D2™ Mode A Visuomotor Reaction Time Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adam J. Wells ◽  
Bri-ana D.I. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Training And Detraining

Context: The Dynavision D2™ Mode A test (ModeA) is a 1-minute reaction time (RT) test commonly used in sports science research and clinical rehabilitation. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of repeated testing (ie, training) or subsequent periods of no testing (ie, detraining) on test–retest reliability and RT performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, training, and detraining effects associated with the D2™ ModeA test. Design: Repeated measures/reliability. Methods: Twenty-four recreationally active men and women completed 15 training sessions consisting of 2 ModeA tests per session (30 tests). The participants were then randomized to either 1 or 2 weeks of detraining prior to completing 15 retraining sessions (30 tests). The training and retraining periods were separated into 10 blocks for analysis (3 tests per block). The number of hits (hits) and the average RT per hit (AvgRT) within each block were used to determine RT performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients, SEM, and minimum difference were used to determine reliability. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/analysis of covariance were used to determine training and detraining effects, respectively. Results: The ModeA variables demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient2,3 > .93). Significant improvements in hits and AvgRT were noted within training blocks 1 to 5 (P < .05). No further improvements in RT performance were noted between training blocks 6 through 10. There was no effect of detraining period on RT. The RT performance was not different between blocks during retraining. Conclusions: It appears that 15 tests are necessary to overcome the training effect and establish reliable baseline performance for the ModeA test. Detraining for 1 to 2 weeks did not impact RT performance. The authors recommend that investigators and clinicians utilize the average of 3 tests when assessing RT performance using the D2 ModeA test.

scholarly journals Reliability of Safe Maximum Lifting Determinations of a Functional Capacity Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Gross ◽  
Michele C Battié
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Functional Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background and Purpose. Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are measurement tools used in predicting readiness to return to work following injury. The interrater and test-retest reliability of determinations of maximal safe lifting during kinesiophysical FCEs were examined in a sample of people who were off work and receiving workers' compensation. Subjects. Twenty-eight subjects with low back pain who had plateaued with treatment were enrolled. Five occupational therapists, trained and experienced in kinesiophysical methods, conducted testing. Methods. A repeated-measures design was used, with raters testing subjects simultaneously, yet independently. Subjects were rated on 2 occasions, separated by 2 to 4 days. Analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results. The ICC values for interrater reliability ranged from .95 to .98. Test-retest values ranged from .78 to .94. Discussion and Conclusion. Inconsistencies in subjects' performance across sessions were the greatest source of FCE measurement variability. Overall, however, test-retest reliability was good and interrater reliability was excellent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Interexaminer Variability in Video Head Impulse Test Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (08) ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
Başak Mutlu ◽  
Sıdıka Cesur ◽  
Merve Torun Topçu ◽  
Cennet Reyyan Geçici ◽  
Öyküm Esra Aşkın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Video Head Impulse Test ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Lateral Canal ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a diagnostic tool to assess the function of the semicircular canals and branches of the vestibular nerve. The aim of this study was to analyze the interexaminer variability of vHIT results in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods A total of 21 healthy participants were included in the study. vHIT responses were collected by four clinicians. Variability of the vHIT results between examiners was analyzed statistically. Results The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) velocity regression values were from 0.99 to 1.09 degrees per second for the lateral canals. For the vertical canals, VOR velocity regression values were from 0.87 to 1.21 degrees per second. According to repeated measures analysis of variance, the normality assumptions for the velocity regression of the left lateral canal (p = 0.002) and the right anterior canal (p < 0.01) were met and the differences were statistically significant. The normality assumptions were not met for 40, 60, and 80 ms median gain of the right lateral canal (p = 0.016, p = 0.038, and p = 0.001, respectively); 40 and 60 ms median gain of the left lateral canal (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively); and the velocity regression of the left posterior canal (p < 0.00). These differences were found to be statistically significant by using the Friedman test. Conclusion The interexaminer differences of the VOR gain values for the vHIT were statistically significant. Serial vHIT testing should be performed by the same examiner to reduce the effects of interexaminer variability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pain Response in Capsaicin-Induced Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia Using a Novel and Fully Automated Brushing Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian G du Jardin ◽  
Lise S Gregersen ◽  
Turid Røsland ◽  
Kathrine H Uggerhøj ◽  
Lars J Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Post Hoc

BACKGROUND: Dynamic mechanical allodynia is traditionally induced by manual brushing of the skin. Brushing force and speed have been shown to influence the intensity of brush-evoked pain. There are still limited data available with respect to the optimal stroke number, length, force, angle and speed. Therefore, an automated brushing device (ABD) was developed, for which brushing angle and speed could be controlled to enable quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia.OBJECTIVES: To compare the ABD with manual brushing using capsaicin-induced allodynia, and to investigate the role of stroke angle and speed on pain intensity.METHODS: Experimental dynamic mechanical allodynia was induced by an intradermal injection of capsaicin (100 μg) into the volar forearm of 12 healthy, male volunteers. Dynamic mechanical allodynia was rated on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) after each set of strokes at angles of 30°, 60° and 90° with speeds of 17 mm/s, 21 mm/s and 25 mm/s for each angle. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to assess the influence of brushing parameters. To evaluate test-retest reliability, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, including a coefficient of repeatability and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were determined.RESULTS: The angle and speed exhibited a significant impact on pain intensity (P<0.001 and P<0.015, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the highest pain intensity was recorded with an angle of 30° regardless of brushing speed. The ABD demonstrated superior test-retest reliability (coefficient of repeatability = 1.9 VAS; ICC=0.91) compared with manual brushing (coefficient of repeatability = 2.8 VAS; ICC=0.80; P<0.05). The most reliable combination of parameters (coefficient of repeatability = 1.3 VAS; ICC=0.97) was an angle of 60° and a speed of 21 mm/s.CONCLUSIONS: A controlled, automatic brushing method can be used for quantitative investigations of allodynic reactions, and is more reliable for quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia compared with traditional manual brushing.

scholarly journals Reliability of Calf Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Acquired Skeletal Muscle Hydration Measures in Healthy People

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Sawant ◽  
Andrew A. House ◽  
Bert M. Chesworth ◽  
Joseph Gati ◽  
Robert Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Relative Variability

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability, relative variability, and agreement between calf bioelectrical impedance-spectroscopy (cBIS) acquired extracellular fluid (ECF), intracellular fluid (ICF), total water and the ratio of ECF : ICF, magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) acquired transverse relaxation times (T2), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of calf muscles of the same segment in healthy individuals. Methods. Muscle hydration measures were collected in 32 healthy individuals on two occasions and analyzed by a single rater. On both occasions, MRI measures were collected from tibialis anterior (TA), medial (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus muscles following the cBIS data acquired using XiTRON Hydra 4200 BIS device. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1), coefficient of variation (CV), and agreement between MRI and cBIS data were also calculated. Results. ICC2,1 values for cBIS, T2, and ADC ranged from 0.56 to 0.92, 0.96 to 0.99, and 0.05 to 0.56, respectively. Relative variability between measures (CV) ranged from 14.6 to 25.6% for the cBIS data and 4.2 to 10.0% for the MRI-acquired data. The ratio of ECF : ICF could significantly predict T2 of TA and soleus muscles. Conclusion. MRI-acquired measures of T2 had the highest test-retest reliability of muscle hydration with the least error and variation on repeated testing. Hence, T2 of a muscle is the most reliable and stable outcome measure for evaluating individual muscle hydration.

scholarly journals The Test-Retest Reliability of Subjective Visual Horizontal Testing: Comparisons between Solid and Dotted Line Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Mohd Normani Zakaria ◽  
Nor Haniza Abdul Wahat ◽  
Zuraida Zainun ◽  
Nurul Syarida Mohd Sakeri ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Good For ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The present study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) testing when tested with solid and dotted line images. In this repeated measures study, 36 healthy young Malaysian adults (mean age=23.3±2.3 years, 17 males and 19 females) were enrolled. All of them were healthy and had no hearing, vestibular, balance, or vision problems. The SVH angles were recorded from each participant in an upright body position using a computerized device. They were asked to report their horizontality perception for solid and dotted line images (in the presence of a static black background). After 1 week, the SVH procedure was repeated. The test-retest reliability of SVH was found to be good for both solid line [intraclass correlation (ICC)=0.80] and dotted line (ICC=0.78). As revealed by Bland-Altman plots, for each visual image, the agreements of SVH between the two sessions were within the clinically accepted criteria (±2°). The SVH testing was found to be temporally reliable, which can be clinically beneficial. Both solid and dotted lines in the SVH testing are reliable to be used among young adults.

scholarly journals Test–Retest Reliability of Single-Leg Time to Stabilization Following a Drop-Landing Task in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Aaron Byrne ◽  
Clare Lodge ◽  
Jennifer Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context: Single-leg stability has been associated with injury risk and is a key component of many injury prevention interventions. Methods of measuring single-leg stability are varied yet often unreliable. Objective: To establish within- and between-day test–retest reliability for single-leg time to stabilization (SL-TTS) following a drop-landing maneuver of 20 cm in height among a healthy cohort. Design: Test–retest reliability study. Setting: Healthy cohort from a third-level educational institution. Participants: Nineteen (11 females and 8 males) healthy individuals. Main Outcome Measures: The SL-TTS in the vertical plane. Results: The SL-TTS showed good within-day (intraclass correlation coefficient = .715) and excellent between-day (intraclass correlation coefficient = .83) test–retest reliability. The minimal detectable change was calculated as 171.6 ms for within-day contexts and 123.8 ms for between-day contexts. Conclusions: This method of measuring SL-TTS is reliable and could be used to detect changes over time in a healthy cohort. This could be of value to clinicians in injury risk factor identification or assessing the effectiveness of single-leg stability training. However, further research is needed to investigate its reliability in pathological populations.

scholarly journals Development of the English Listening and Reading Computerized Revised Token Test Into Cantonese: Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity/Specificity in People With Aphasia and Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3743-3759
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bakhtiar ◽  
Min Ney Wong ◽  
Emily Ka Yin Tsui ◽  
Malcolm R. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
High Test

Purpose This study reports the psychometric development of the Cantonese versions of the English Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) for persons with aphasia (PWAs) and healthy controls (HCs). Method The English CRTT was translated into standard Chinese for the Reading–Word Fade version (CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese) and into formal Cantonese for the Listening version (CRTT-L-Cantonese). Thirty-two adult native Cantonese PWAs and 42 HCs were tested on both versions of CRTT-Cantonese tests and on the Cantonese Aphasia Battery to measure the construct and concurrent validity of CRTT-Cantonese tests. The HCs were retested on both versions of the CRTT-Cantonese tests, whereas the PWAs were randomly assigned for retesting on either version to measure the test–retest reliability. Results A two-way, Group × Modality, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly lower scores for the PWA group than the HC group for both reading and listening. Other comparisons were not significant. A high and significant correlation was found between the CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and the CRTT-L-Cantonese in PWAs, and 87% of the PWAs showed nonsignificantly different performance across the CRTT-Cantonese tests based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test. The CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese provided better aphasia diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (83.30%) values than the CRTT-L-Cantonese. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant moderate correlations between the Cantonese Aphasia Battery scores and the CRTT-Cantonese tests in PWAs, supporting adequate concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed high test–retest reliability (between .82 and .96, p < .001) for both CRTT-Cantonese tests for both groups. Conclusions Results support that the validly translated CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and CRTT-L-Cantonese tests significantly differentiate the reading and listening comprehension of PWAs from HCs and provides acceptable concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability for both tests. Furthermore, favorable PWA versus HC sensitivity and specificity cutoff scores are presented for both CRTT-Cantonese listening and reading tests.

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