Inner Ear Excitation in Normal and Postmastoidectomy Participants by Fluid Stimulation in the Absence of Air- and Bone-Conduction Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofri Ronen ◽  
Miriam Geal-Dor ◽  
Michal Kaufmann-Yehezkely ◽  
Ronen Perez ◽  
Shai Chordekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Additional Mode ◽  
External Canal

Background: Hearing can be induced not only by airborne sounds (air conduction [AC]) and by the induction of skull vibrations by a bone vibrator (osseous bone conduction [BC]), but also by inducing vibrations of the soft tissues of the head, neck, and thorax. This hearing mode is called soft tissue conduction (STC) or nonosseous BC. Purpose: This study was designed to gain insight into the mechanism of STC auditory stimulation. Research Design: Fluid was applied to the external auditory canal in normal participants and to the mastoidectomy common cavity in post–radical mastoidectomy patients. A rod coupled to a clinical bone vibrator, immersed in the fluid, delivered auditory frequency vibratory stimuli to the fluid. The stimulating rod was in contact with the fluid only. Thresholds were assessed in response to the fluid stimulation. Study Sample: Eight ears in eight normal participants and eight ears in seven post–radical mastoidectomy patients were studied. Data Collection and Analysis: Thresholds to AC, BC, and fluid stimulation were assessed. The postmastoidectomy patients were older than the normal participants, with underlying sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Therefore, the thresholds to the fluid stimulation in each participant were corrected by subtracting his BC threshold, which expresses any underlying SNHL. Results: Hearing thresholds were obtained in each participant, in both groups in response to the fluid stimulation at 1.0 and 2.0 kHz. The fluid thresholds, corrected by subtracting the BC thresholds, did not differ between the groups at 1.0 kHz. However, at 2.0 kHz the corrected fluid thresholds in the mastoidectomy patients were 10 dB lower (better) than in the normal participants. Conclusions: Since the corrected fluid thresholds at 1.0 kHz did not differ between the groups, the response to fluid stimulation in the normal participants at least at 1.0 kHz was probably not due to vibrations of the tympanic membrane and of the ossicular chain induced by the fluid stimulation, since these structures were absent in the mastoidectomy patients. In addition, the fluid in the external canal (normal participants) and the absence of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain (mastoidectomy patients) induced a conductive hearing loss (threshold elevation to air-conducted sounds coming from the bone vibrator), so that AC mechanisms were probably not involved in the thresholds to the fluid stimulation. In addition, as a result of the acoustic impedance mismatch between the fluid and skull bone, the audio-frequency vibrations induced in the fluid at threshold would probably not lead to vibrations of the bony wall of the meatus, so that hearing by osseous BC is not likely. Therefore, it seems that the thresholds to the fluid stimulation, in the absence of AC and of osseous BC, represent an example of STC, which is an additional mode of auditory stimulation in which the cochlea is activated by fluid pressures transmitted along a series of soft tissues, reaching and exciting the inner ear directly. STC can explain the mechanism of several auditory phenomena.

scholarly journals How Is the Cochlea Activated in Response to Soft Tissue Auditory Stimulation in the Occluded Ear?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Miriam Geal-Dor ◽  
Haim Sohmer
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Additional Mode ◽  
Pulmonary Air Flow

Soft tissue conduction is an additional mode of auditory stimulation which can be initiated either by applying an external vibrator to skin sites not overlying skull bone such as the neck (so it is not bone conduction) or by intrinsic body vibrations resulting, for example, from the heartbeat and vocalization. The soft tissue vibrations thereby induced are conducted by the soft tissues to all parts of the body, including the walls of the external auditory canal. In order for soft tissue conduction to elicit hearing, the soft tissue vibrations which are induced must penetrate into the cochlea in order to excite the inner ear hair cells and auditory nerve fibers. This final stage can be achieved either by an osseous bone conduction mechanism, or, more likely, by the occlusion effect: the vibrations of the walls of the occluded canal induce air pressures in the canal which drive the tympanic membrane and middle ear ossicles and activate the inner ear, acting by means of a more air conduction-like mechanism. In fact, when the clinician applies his stethoscope to the body surface of his patient in order to detect heart sounds or pulmonary air flow, he is detecting soft tissue vibrations.

scholarly journals Occlusion Effect in Response to Stimulation by Soft Tissue Conduction-Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Miriam Geal-Dor ◽  
Cahtia Adelman ◽  
Shai Chordekar ◽  
Haim Sohmer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
External Canal ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Occlusion Effect ◽  
Insight Into

To gain insight into the broader implications of the occlusion effect (OE—difference between unoccluded and occluded external canal thresholds), the OE in response to pure tones at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz to two bone conduction sites (mastoid and forehead) and two soft tissue conduction (STC) sites (under the chin and at the neck) were assessed. The OE was present at the soft tissue sites and at the bone conduction sites, with no statistical difference between them. The OE was significantly greater at lower frequencies, and negligible at higher frequencies. It seems that the vibrations induced in the soft tissues (STC) during stimulation at the soft tissue sites are conducted not only to the inner ear and elicit hearing, but also reach the walls of the external canal and initiate air pressures in the occluded canal which drive the tympanic membrane and excite the inner ear, leading to hearing. Use of a stethoscope by the internist to hear intrinsic body sounds (heartbeat, blood flow) serves as a clear demonstration of STC and its relation to hearing.

scholarly journals Does Drilling Induce Hearing Loss after Modified Radical Mastoidectomy? A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Yogesh Neupane ◽  
Bijaya Kharel ◽  
Heempali Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
Mastoid Surgery ◽  
Sensory Neural Hearing Loss

Introduction Incidence of sensory neural hearing loss following mastoid surgery varies from 1.2 – 4.5%.There are various causes for postoperative sensorineural hearing loss during mastoid surgery. This study aims to identify whether there is any correlation between drilling and postoperative sensory neural hearing loss. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT from January 2018 to June 2019. A total number of 68 patients above five years of age who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media squamous were included. Revision surgery, preoperative sensorineural hearing loss, injury to the ossicular chain during surgery, patients with lack of follow up or doubtful reports in mentally challenged were excluded from the study. The average bone conduction threshold was calculated from 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. ResultsThere were 43 males and 25 females in the study with a median age of 23.5 years (16-55). The mean preoperative bone conduction threshold in the four frequencies of 500 Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz, 4kHz were -2.06dB, -2.06dB, 3.31dB, 4.63 dB respectively and the mean postoperative bone conduction thresholds were 1.03, 1.32, 5.29, 4.04 respectively. There was a decline of mean of 3.09 dB and 3.38dB only at the low-frequencies (500Hz and 1kHz) BC threshold respectively which were statistically significant, whereas at higher frequency there was no decline in average postoperative BC threshold. ConclusionThere is no definite role of drill in inducing hearing loss and if present other causes of hearing loss should be sought in postoperative sensorineural hearing loss.

scholarly journals Hearing gain after myringoplasty in relation to the size of tympanic membrane perforation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Sutanu Kumar Mondal ◽  
Ashim Kumar Biswas ◽  
Md Mahmudul Huq ◽  
Md Hasan Ali ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hearing Gain ◽  
Bone Conduction Threshold ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Air Conduction

Objectives: To assess hearing gain after successful myringoplasty in relation to the size of tympanic membrane perforation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of otolaryngology and head neck surgery, BSMMU, Sahbag, Dhaka during the period of January 2009 to December 2010.A total of 60 patients were under went myringoplasty operation after taking detailed history, clinical examination and investigation. Preoperative and postoperative hearing assessment was done. Analysed data presented by various tables, graphics and figures. Results: In case of small size perforation preoperative mean bone conduction threshold was 7.66 dB, mean air conduction threshold was 34.14 dB and mean air bone gap was 26.48 dB. In case of medium size perforation preoperative mean bone conduction threshold was 9.61 dB, mean air conduction threshold was 44.48 dB. Mean air bone gap was 34.87 dB. In case of large size perforation preoperative mean bone conduction threshold was 13.12 dB, mean air conduction threshold was 59 dB, and mean air bone gap was 45.88 dB. Hearing loss increases with increasing size of perforation. Ahmed and Rahim (1979) showed in the study that hearing loss increases with increasing the size of the perforation which was relevant in the study. After myringoplasty post-operative mean air bone gap was 21.24 dB in small size, 21.74 dB in medium sized and 24 dB in large size. From the record improvement of mean air bone gap or hearing gain was 5.24 dB in small size perforation respectively. The different of air bone gap closure between small and medium size perforation was statistically significant by unpaired’ test. Conclusion: Hearing gain after myringoplasty is better in large size perforation. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2019; 25(1): 54-59

scholarly journals Study on the Prosthesis Structural Design and Vibration Characteristics Based on the Conduction Effect of Human Middle Ear

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wu Ren ◽  
Huijuan Yan ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Jinghong Ren ◽  
Jinlong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Sound Perception ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Middle Ear Prosthesis

As a bridge from the sound signal in the air to the sound perception of the inner ear auditory receptor, the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of the middle ear transform the sound signal in the outer ear through two gas-solid and solid-liquid conversions. In addition, through the lever principle formed by three auditory ossicle structure, the sound was concentrated and amplified to the inner ear. However, the sound transmission function of the middle ear will be decreased by disease, genetic, or trauma. Hence, using middle ear prosthesis to replace the damaged ossicles can restore the conduction function. The function realization of middle ear prosthesis depends on the vibration response of the prosthesis from the tympanic membrane to the stapes plate on the human auditory perception frequency, which is affected by the way the prosthesis combined with the tympanic membrane, the material, and the geometric shape. In this study, reasonable prosthetic structures had been designed for different types of ossicular chain injuries, and the frequency response characteristics were analyzed by the finite element method then. Moreover, in order to achieve better vibration frequency response, a ball structure was designed in the prosthesis to simulate its amplification function. The results showed that the middle ear prostheses constructed by different injury types can effectively transfer vibration energy. In particular, the first- and second-order resonant frequencies and response amplitudes are close to each other when ball structure models of different materials are added. Instead, the resonance frequency of the third stage formed by aluminum alloy ball materials is larger than that of the other two, which showed good response features.

Patterns of hearing loss in non-explosive blast injury of the ear

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1137-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilead Berger ◽  
Yehuda Finkelstein ◽  
Shabtai Avraham ◽  
Mordehai Himmelfarb
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Conductive Hearing

AbstractA prospective study of hearing loss in 120 cases with non-explosive blast injury of the ear, gathered over a six-year period, is presented. Thirty-three (27.5 per cent) patients had normal hearing, 57 (47.5 per cent) conductive hearing loss, 29 (24.2 per cent) mixed loss and one (0.8 per cent) had pure sensorineural loss. The severity of conductive hearing loss correlated with the size of the eardrum perforation; only a marginal difference was found between water and air pressure injuries, with respect to this type of hearing loss. Of all locations, perforations involving the posterior-inferior quadrant of the eardrum were associated with the largest air-bone gap. Audiometric assessment revealed that none of the patients suffered ossicular chain damage. Three patterns of sensorineural hearing loss were identified: a dip at a single frequency, two separate dips, and abnormality of bone conduction in several adjacent high frequencies. Involvement of several frequencies was associated with a more severe hearing loss than a dip in a single frequency. Healing of the perforation was always accompanied by closure of the air-bone gap, while the recovery of the sensorineural hearing loss was less favourable.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Chronic Ear Surgery

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. L. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Cochlear Damage

The author's series of 3000 consecutive operations of tympanoplasty from 1960 to 1975 were reviewed in regard to the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss as a consequence of the surgical procedure. Worsening of bone conduction thresholds by 10 dB through the frequencies 500 to 4000 cps, or a 10% reduction in speech discrimination scores were considered significant. Whereas in transcanal tympanoplasty the incidence of cochlear damage was greater in ears when initially the ossicular chain was incomplete, by contrast in combined approach tympanoplasty the risk was greater when the chain was intact initially. It was concluded that cochlear trauma was usually due to 1) the hydraulic effect of excessive stapes manipulation during the removal of disease, and 2) the development of a perilymph fistula. The unpredictable predisposing threat of cochlear fragility due to genetic and inflammatory factors was emphasized and the poor results of tympanoplasty in tympanosclerosis were underlined. The current methods of treating sensorineural hearing loss after tympanoplasty were enumerated and discussed. It was concluded that although those aimed at improving labyrinthine circulation had theoretical backing, there is as yet little experimental or clinical evidence to support the claims of their protagonists.

scholarly journals A Cotton Wick Improves Hearing in a Patient with Profound Hearing Loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Ryner Jose D. Carrillo ◽  
Precious Eunice R. Grullo ◽  
Maria Luz M. San Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cotton Wick

Dear Editor,   The tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain contribute roughly 28 dB in hearing gain. In chronic suppurative otitis media, loss of tympanic membrane and lysis of the ossicular chain are significant causes of hearing loss.1 Through the years, hearing impairment has been augmented using various devices such as ear trumpets, carbon hearing aids, vacuum tube and transistor hearing aids, bone anchored hearing aids, and cochlear implants.2 This case report describes how a cotton wick was used to amplify sound.   Case Report A 65-year-old man consulted for hearing loss. He had a childhood history of recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss and was diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media. At age 55, he underwent tympanomastoidectomy of the left ear. While surgery stopped the left ear discharge, there was complete hearing loss in this ear. For this reason, he opted not to have surgery on the right ear. There was subsequent recurrent ear disease of the right ear. He would clean his ear with a cotton wick and apply antibiotic drops during bouts of ear discharge. He observed that leaving the ear wick with a few drops of topical otic preparations (polymyxin-neomycin-steroid or ofloxacin) would lessen the frequency of ear discharge and improve his hearing.  He found that morning application and positioning of the cotton wick in his right ear using tweezers and a toothpick allowed him to hear adequately to conduct his daily activities as an architect. (Figure 1, 2) The fear of hearing loss from another surgery, cost of a commercial hearing aid, and great utility of a simple cotton wick made him continue his practice for these ten years. Examination of the right middle ear without the cotton wick showed thickened mucosa, absent malleus and incus structures, a patent Eustachian tube and a near – total tympanic membrane perforation. There was no keratinous material or foul smelling discharge. (Figure  3) Pure tone audiometry confirmed that with the cotton wick, the right air-bone gap decreased at 500 hz, 1kHz, 2Kh and 4KHz by 30db, 40dB, 35dB and 25dB respectively.  (Table 1) DISCUSSION At different anatomic levels, mechanical sound energy is amplified and transmitted to the functional parts of the ear. The tympanic membrane and oval window ratio of 21:1 and malleus-incus lever mechanism ratio of 1.3:1 provide a 28 dB amplification of conductive hearing.1 This gain is reflected by frequency specific air-bone gaps, which can range between 25-40 dB. With the contribution from the external ear, the overall conductive gain is 60 dB.1,3 Damage to the auditory system often results in a loss of hearing sensitivity that is frequency – specific.  The presence of a frequency – specific wide air-bone gap suggests ossicular chain discontinuity among patients with chronic otitis media.4 Narrowing of the air-bone gap, which in this case was provided by insertion of the cotton wick, may lead to at least partial restoration of ossicular coupling. The ability of the cotton wick to improve hearing may be attributed to its possession of characteristics for sound conduction and acoustic impedance, such as stiffness, resistance and mass.  The effectiveness of the cotton wick was reported to be dependent on its positioning in the ear; the patient would have to insert the wick down to the level of the promontory or oval window, occasionally blow his nose, or reposition the cotton wick to achieve an acceptable hearing level. However, for a patient with completely deaf contralateral ear, a 32.5 dB gain in hearing is very pronounced and significant.  The hearing gain produced by the cotton wick only amplified the air conductive component of hearing but not bone conduction. While it afforded amplification of sound and a route of medicine administration, it may also have contributed to sensorineural hearing loss brought about by ototoxicity of medications and thickening of the oval and round window from chronic irritation. For this reason, utmost caution must be advised before considering use of a “cotton wick” to amplify hearing in this manner-- a practice we do not endorse. The cotton wick may have served as a vibrating piston on top of the oval window which amplified hearing. Such a mechanism may conceivably prognosticate potential gain from a contemplated tympanoplasty in the same way that the “paper patch test”5 predicts simple myringoplasty outcomes. Having said that, the diagnostic utility of such a cotton wick requires further investigation before potential clinical applications such as prognostication of tympanoplasty are theorized. Could future studies show that a preoperative cotton wick (or equivalent device) may approximate potential gains from a good tympanoplasty with ossiculoplasty in a patient with total tympanic perforation and ossicular chain loss?   Sincerely, Ryner Jose D. Carrillo, MD, MSc Precious Eunice R.  Grullo, MD, MPH Maria Luz M. San Agustin, RN, MClinAudio    

scholarly journals Factors that have an influence on bone conduction thresholds changes after otosurgery in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved ossicular chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Maciej Wiatr ◽  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Sebastian Kocoń ◽  
Jacek Składzień
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Study Objective

Introduction: The aim of the middle ear surgery is to eliminate abnormalities from the mucous, ensure the due airing of the postoperative cavity and reconstruct the sound-conducting system in the middle ear. Numerous reports can be found in literature on the changes to bone conduction as a consequence of middle ear surgery. Study objective: The aim of the work is to define the factors that affect bone conduction in the patients operated on due to the perforation of the tympanic membrane with the preserved and normal mobile ossicular chain. Material and method: A prospective analysis of patients operated on due to diseases of the middle ear in 2009–2012 was carried out. The cases of patients operated on for the first time due to chronic otitis media were taken into consideration. The analysis encompassed the patients who had undergone myringoplasty. The patients were divided into several groups taking into account the abnormalities of the mucous observed during otosurgery. Results: A significant improvement of bone conduction was observed in the patients with dry perforation, without other lesions in the middle ear. The appropriate pharmacological treatment before otosurgery in patients with permanent discharge from the ear resulted in significant bone conduction improvement. The elimination of granulation lesions turned out to be a positive factor for the future improvement of the function of the inner ear. Conclusions: The lack of abnormalities on the mucous of the middle ear (e.g. granulation,) and discharge has a positive impact on improvement of bone conduction after myringoplasty. Adhesions in the tympanic cavity, especially in the niche of the round window, have a negative impact on improvement of bone conduction in patients after myringoplasty.

scholarly journals How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Paksoy ◽  
Arif Sanli ◽  
Umit Hardal ◽  
Sermin Kibar ◽  
Gokhan Altin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Mastoid Surgery

ABSTRACT Objective In otology, a wide variety of devices are used that have significant noise output, both operated ear and the patient. We aimed to determine hearing damages due to drill-generated acoustic trauma in ear surgery. We want to find how degree drill-generated acoustic trauma is responsible from sensorineural hearing loss in ear surgery. Materials and methods We designed a retrospective study about 100 patients who underwent radical or modiphied radical mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty. The audiometric testing was done both pre and postoperatively to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon sign and Mann-Whitney U tests. This study proposes that hearing loss is caused by drill noise conducted to the operated ear by vibrations of temporal bone. Results A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is seen due to the noise generated by the drill. Mean pure-tone thresholds obtained was significantly more in mastoidectomy applied patients when compared to tympanoplasty . Mean bone conduction (BC) hearing levels impaired 6,6 dB in 1 kHz, 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 5 dB in 4.kHz and 3.1 dB in 2 kHz in mastoidectomy groups but improved 5.5 dB in 0.5 kHz, 2.2 dB in 1 kHz, 2.7 dB in 2 kHz in tympanoplasty groups. Statistically significant differences were observed at the 0.5-1 and 4 kHz frequencies pre and postoperative in the hearing thresholds of BC changing in mastoidectomy group, however, the averages of ranks of all pre and postoperative measurement of hearing levels show differences between mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty groups was significant in statistically at independent groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that drill-generated noise during mastoid surgery has been incriminated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary or permanent noise-induced hearing loss. Possible noise disturbance to the inner ear can only be avoided by minimizing the duration of harmful noise exposure and carefull using burr to near the cochlear structures. How to cite this article Paksoy M, Sanli A, Hardal U, Kibar S, Altin G, Erdogan BA, Bekmez ZE. How Drill-Generated Acoustic Trauma effects Hearing Functions in an Ear Surgery? Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):127-132.

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