Differences in Perception of Musical Stimuli among Acoustic, Electric, and Combined Modality Listeners

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Prentiss ◽  
David R. Friedland ◽  
John J. Nash ◽  
Christina L. Runge
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Processing ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Electric Hearing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acoustic Hearing ◽  
Improved Performance

Background: Cochlear implants have shown vast improvements in speech understanding for those with severe to profound hearing loss; however, music perception remains a challenge for electric hearing. It is unclear whether the difficulties arise from limitations of sound processing, the nature of a damaged auditory system, or a combination of both. Purpose: To examine music perception performance with different acoustic and electric hearing configurations. Research Design: Chord discrimination and timbre perception were tested in subjects representing four daily-use listening configurations: unilateral cochlear implant (CI), contralateral bimodal (CIHA), bilateral hearing aid (HAHA) and normal-hearing (NH) listeners. A same-different task was used for discrimination of two chords played on piano. Timbre perception was assessed using a 10-instrument forced-choice identification task. Study Sample: Fourteen adults were included in each group, none of whom were professional musicians. Data Collection and Analysis: The number of correct responses was divided by the total number of presentations to calculate scores in percent correct. Data analyses were performed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Results: Chord discrimination showed a narrow range of performance across groups, with mean scores ranging between 72.5% (CI) and 88.9% (NH). Significant differences were seen between the NH and all hearing-impaired groups. Both the HAHA and CIHA groups performed significantly better than the CI groups, and no significant differences were observed between the HAHA and CIHA groups. Timbre perception was significantly poorer for the hearing-impaired groups (mean scores ranged from 50.3–73.9%) compared to NH (95.2%). Significantly better performance was observed in the HAHA group as compared to both groups with electric hearing (CI and CIHA). There was no significant difference in performance between the CIHA and CI groups. Timbre perception was a significantly more difficult task than chord discrimination for both the CI and CIHA groups, yet the easier task for the NH group. A significant difference between the two tasks was not seen in the HAHA group. Conclusion: Having impaired hearing decreases performance compared to NH across both chord discrimination and timbre perception tasks. For chord discrimination, having acoustic hearing improved performance compared to electric hearing only. Timbre perception distinguished those with acoustic hearing from those with electric hearing. Those with bilateral acoustic hearing, even if damaged, performed significantly better on this task than those requiring electrical stimulation, which may indicate that CI sound processing fails to capture and deliver the necessary acoustic cues for timbre perception. Further analysis of timbre characteristics in electric hearing may contribute to advancements in programming strategies to obtain optimal hearing outcomes.

scholarly journals The Spatial Selective Auditory Attention of Cochlear Implant Users in Different Conversational Sound Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3078
Author(s):  
Sara Akbarzadeh ◽  
Sungmin Lee ◽  
Chin-Tuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Electric Hearing ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Acoustic Hearing ◽  
Speech Envelope ◽  
Different Levels

In multi-speaker environments, cochlear implant (CI) users may attend to a target sound source in a different manner from normal hearing (NH) individuals during a conversation. This study attempted to investigate the effect of conversational sound levels on the mechanisms adopted by CI and NH listeners in selective auditory attention and how it affects their daily conversation. Nine CI users (five bilateral, three unilateral, and one bimodal) and eight NH listeners participated in this study. The behavioral speech recognition scores were collected using a matrix sentences test, and neural tracking to speech envelope was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Speech stimuli were presented at three different levels (75, 65, and 55 dB SPL) in the presence of two maskers from three spatially separated speakers. Different combinations of assisted/impaired hearing modes were evaluated for CI users, and the outcomes were analyzed in three categories: electric hearing only, acoustic hearing only, and electric + acoustic hearing. Our results showed that increasing the conversational sound level degraded the selective auditory attention in electrical hearing. On the other hand, increasing the sound level improved the selective auditory attention for the acoustic hearing group. In the NH listeners, however, increasing the sound level did not cause a significant change in the auditory attention. Our result implies that the effect of the sound level on selective auditory attention varies depending on the hearing modes, and the loudness control is necessary for the ease of attending to the conversation by CI users.

Hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances in Waardenburg syndrome with reference to WS Type II

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhong Liu ◽  
Valerie Newton ◽  
Andrew Read
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impaired Group ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

AbstractThirty families in which there were 149 individuals affected by the Waardenburg syndrome (WS) were investigated for penetrance of hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities. Twenty two families contained 89 individuals affected by WS Type II and eight families with 60 individuals affected by Type I. A bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss was found to be the most common type of hearing loss. The most frequent degree of hearing loss category was a hearing loss of > 100dB HL with no difference between syndrome types.Although there was no significant difference in the frequency of pigmentation disorders between Type I and II, considering these abnormalities as a whole, heterochromia irides was more common in Type II than Type I and other pigmentation disorders were more frequent in Type I: 62 per cent of Type I patients had more than one pigmentary defect, but only 28 per cent of Type II. Pigmentary disturbances were not significantly more frequent in the hearing impaired group than in the normally hearing group in either Type I or II when taking into account the occurrence of only one pigmentation disorder. There was a significantly higher proportion of pigmentary defects in the hearing impaired group with Type I when only those having more than one pigmentary abnormality were compared: 93.3 per cent of Type I patients and 88.5 per cent of Type II patients with a profound hearing loss had pigmentary defects. The frequency of pigmentation disorders was not greater when the hearing loss was more severe in either type. Penetrance for hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities showed marked intrafamilial and interfamilial variation.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Functional Balance in Children With Sensory Impairment Aged 6 to 14 Years Old

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Hassan Daneshmandi ◽  
◽  
Chiman َ Alyarnezhad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The balance of human body is maintained by a complex process involving visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. Since the postural control require information from all of these three sensory systems to maintain optimal postural stability, lack of information in one system may affect body sway during maintaining balance .The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional balance in boys with severe-to-profound vision and hearing impairments aged 6-14 years. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 30 visually-impaired, 30 hearing-impaired and 30 healthy boys who were selected by purposive sampling method. The Timed Up and Go Test was used for functional balance assessment. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc test were used to analyze data in SPSS V. 20 software, considering the significance level at P≤0.05 Results: Functional balance was significantly different in visually-impaired, hearing-impaired and healthy boys (P=0001) where it was poorer in visually-impaired boys compared to visually-impaired and healthy groups (P=0.000). There was no significant difference between hearing-impaired and healthy boys (P=0.001 ). Conclusion: It seems that vision and hearing impairments can reduce functional balance in boys. Visually-impaired boys have poorer balance than the hearing-impaired and healthy boys.

Determination of Spreading Motive Levels of Elite Hearing-impaired Sportsmen

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Osman Kusan ◽  
Hasan Erdem Mumcu ◽  
Abdulkerim Çeviker ◽  
Ömer Zambak ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
National Team ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

This study was conducted to investigate the sub-scales of sports instructions of elite athletes with hearing impairment or hearing loss due to different reasons. A total of 173 hearing-impaired athletes constituted of 54 female and 119 male athletes who are active national team athletes in the age range of 15-25 years. The study was conducted based on Self Determination Theory of Deci and Ryan [9] and on the developed Sports Motivation Scale, Pelletier et al. [24] Kazak [18] applied the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes. Accordingly, since the p_values calculated for the inner motivation sub-scale and its sub-scales are less than the value of α = .05 which is taken as the level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the hearing-impaired athletes in their internal motivations and sub-scales. According to gender and educational status, there was no difference in the motivation of the hearing-impaired athletes. According to the age variable, it was seen that older athletes had more external connections. Considering the general motivation scores, the athletes in tennis and swimming were less motivated than others. Elite hearing-impaired athletes are affected by both internal and external impulses. However, internal motivation scores are higher than the external. Internal motivation scores are seen as the lowest in the branch swimming area.

scholarly journals Guiding Residency Program Educational Goals Using Institutional Keyword Reports from the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. e234-e238
Author(s):  
Isdin Oke ◽  
Steven D. Ness ◽  
Jean E. Ramsey ◽  
Nicole H. Siegel ◽  
Crandall E. Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Knowledge Assessment ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Residency programs receive an institutional keyword report following the annual Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination containing the raw number of incorrectly answered questions. Programs would benefit from a method to compare relative performance between subspecialty sections. We propose a technique of normalizing the keyword report to determine relative subspecialty strengths and weaknesses in trainee performance. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our institutional keyword reports from 2017 to 2019. We normalized the percentage of correctly answered questions for each postgraduate year (PGY) level by dividing the percent of correctly answered questions for each subspecialty by the percent correct across all subsections for that PGY level. We repeated this calculation for each PGY level in each subsection for each calendar year of analysis. Results There was a statistically significant difference in mean performance between the subspecialty sections (p = 0.038). We found above average performance in the Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation section (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18) and high variability of performance in the Clinical Optics section (95% CI: 0.76–1.34). Discussion The OKAP institutional keyword reports are extremely valuable for residency program self-evaluation. Performance normalized for PGY level and test year can reveal insightful trends into the relative strengths and weaknesses of trainee knowledge and guide data-driven curriculum improvement.

scholarly journals Perception and learning of relative pitch by musicians using the vibrotactile mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 102986492110152
Author(s):  
Carl Hopkins ◽  
Saúl Maté-Cid ◽  
Robert Fulford ◽  
Gary Seiffert ◽  
Jane Ginsborg
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schools For The Deaf

This study investigated the perception and learning of relative pitch using vibrotactile stimuli by musicians with and without a hearing impairment. Notes from C3 to B4 were presented to the fingertip and forefoot. Pre- and post-training tests in which 420 pairs of notes were presented randomly were carried out without any feedback to participants. After the pre-training test, 16 short training sessions were carried out over six weeks with 72 pairs of notes per session and participants told whether their answers were correct. For amateur and professional musicians with normal hearing and professional musicians with a severe or profound hearing loss, larger pitch intervals were easier to identify correctly than smaller intervals. Musicians with normal hearing had a high success rate for relative pitch discrimination as shown by pre- and post-training tests, and when using the fingertips, there was no significant difference between amateur and professional musicians. After training, median scores on the tests in which stimuli were presented to the fingertip and forefoot were >70% for intervals of 3–12 semitones. Training sessions reduced the variability in the responses of amateur and professional musicians with normal hearing and improved their overall ability. There was no significant difference between the relative pitch discrimination abilities between one and 11 semitones, as shown by the pre-training test, of professional musicians with and without a severe/profound hearing loss. These findings indicate that there is potential for vibration to be used to facilitate group musical performance and music education in schools for the deaf.

scholarly journals Perception of Auditory Distance in Normal-Hearing and Moderate-to-Profound Hearing-Impaired Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233121651988761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Courtois ◽  
Vincent Grimaldi ◽  
Hervé Lissek ◽  
Philippe Estoppey ◽  
Eleftheria Georganti
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Linear Amplification ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Wireless Microphone ◽  
Auditory Distance ◽  
Non Linear

The auditory system allows the estimation of the distance to sound-emitting objects using multiple spatial cues. In virtual acoustics over headphones, a prerequisite to render auditory distance impression is sound externalization, which denotes the perception of synthesized stimuli outside of the head. Prior studies have found that listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss are able to perceive auditory distance and are sensitive to externalization. However, this ability may be degraded by certain factors, such as non-linear amplification in hearing aids or the use of a remote wireless microphone. In this study, 10 normal-hearing and 20 moderate-to-profound hearing-impaired listeners were instructed to estimate the distance of stimuli processed with different methods yielding various perceived auditory distances in the vicinity of the listeners. Two different configurations of non-linear amplification were implemented, and a novel feature aiming to restore a sense of distance in wireless microphone systems was tested. The results showed that the hearing-impaired listeners, even those with a profound hearing loss, were able to discriminate nearby and far sounds that were equalized in level. Their perception of auditory distance was however more contracted than in normal-hearing listeners. Non-linear amplification was found to distort the original spatial cues, but no adverse effect on the ratings of auditory distance was evident. Finally, it was shown that the novel feature was successful in allowing the hearing-impaired participants to perceive externalized sounds with wireless microphone systems.

Music Perception of hearing-Impaired Persons with Focus on One Test Subject

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Hiraga ◽  
Kjetil F. Hansen ◽  
Naoya Kano ◽  
Masaki Matsubara ◽  
Hiroko Terasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Hearing Impaired

The Effect of Conventional and Transparent Surgical Masks on Speech Understanding in Individuals with and without Hearing Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Atcherson ◽  
Lisa Lucks Mendel ◽  
Wesley J. Baltimore ◽  
Chhayakanta Patro ◽  
Sungmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Speech Understanding ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIt is generally well known that speech perception is often improved with integrated audiovisual input whether in quiet or in noise. In many health-care environments, however, conventional surgical masks block visual access to the mouth and obscure other potential facial cues. In addition, these environments can be noisy. Although these masks may not alter the acoustic properties, the presence of noise in addition to the lack of visual input can have a deleterious effect on speech understanding. A transparent (“see-through”) surgical mask may help to overcome this issue.To compare the effect of noise and various visual input conditions on speech understanding for listeners with normal hearing (NH) and hearing impairment using different surgical masks.Participants were assigned to one of three groups based on hearing sensitivity in this quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study.A total of 31 adults participated in this study: one talker, ten listeners with NH, ten listeners with moderate sensorineural hearing loss, and ten listeners with severe-to-profound hearing loss.Selected lists from the Connected Speech Test were digitally recorded with and without surgical masks and then presented to the listeners at 65 dB HL in five conditions against a background of four-talker babble (+10 dB SNR): without a mask (auditory only), without a mask (auditory and visual), with a transparent mask (auditory only), with a transparent mask (auditory and visual), and with a paper mask (auditory only).A significant difference was found in the spectral analyses of the speech stimuli with and without the masks; however, no more than ∼2 dB root mean square. Listeners with NH performed consistently well across all conditions. Both groups of listeners with hearing impairment benefitted from visual input from the transparent mask. The magnitude of improvement in speech perception in noise was greatest for the severe-to-profound group.Findings confirm improved speech perception performance in noise for listeners with hearing impairment when visual input is provided using a transparent surgical mask. Most importantly, the use of the transparent mask did not negatively affect speech perception performance in noise.

AGE-RELATED ISSUES OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEARING IMPAIRED PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 885-892
Author(s):  
Л. Е. Голованова ◽  
Е. А. Огородникова ◽  
Е. С. Лаптева ◽  
М. Ю. Бобошко
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference

Целью исследования было изучение качества жизни лиц с нарушениями слуха в разных возрастных группах. Обследованы 100 пациентов, обратившихся в городской сурдологический центр для взрослых в связи с нарушением слуха: 50 человек - 34-59 лет, 50 - 60 лет и старше, из которых 32 человека были пожилого возраста (60-74 года)и 18 - старческого (75-86 лет). Степень тугоухости оценивали на основании результатов тональной пороговой аудиометрии. Для исследования качества жизни все пациенты заполняли общий опросник MOS SF-36, отражающий физический и психологический компоненты здоровья, а также специальный опросник HHIА(E)-S для лиц с нарушениями слуха. Установлено, что шкала HHIА(E)-S демонстрирует высокую корреляцию со степенью тугоухости у пациентов моложе 60 лет ( R =0,98; достоверность различий на уровне p <0,05), которая снижается у пациентов 60 лет и старше ( R =0,94; различия в оценках при разной степени тугоухости недостоверны). Значительные трудности в старшей возрастной группе могут быть связаны с тем, что людям пожилого и, особенно, старческого возраста сложно пользоваться слуховыми аппаратами (или они для них неэффективны) и оценивать свои затруднения по шкалам опросника. Целесообразно использовать шкалу HHIА(Е)-S в качестве скринингового инструмента для раннего выявления тугоухости, направления пациентов к сурдологу и своевременного слухопротезирования. The aim of the research was to study the quality of life in hearing impaired patients of different age. 100 patients referred to the city audiology centre because of their hearing disorders were examined: 50 patients from 34 to 59 years old and 50 patients from 60 years and older, from which 32 patients were of older age (60 to 74 years old) and 18 of oldest age (75 to 86 years old). A degree of hearing loss was assessed according to results of pure tone audiometry. To study the quality of life all patients filled in the questionnaire MOS SF-36, which evaluates physical and psychological components of health, and the questionnaire HHIA(E)-S, designed specifically for patients with hearing disorders. The HHIA(E)-S scale was found to show high correlation with hearing loss degree in patients younger than 60 years old ( R =0,98 with statistically significant difference, p <0,05), with decreasing correlation in patients from 60 years and older ( R =0,98; no significant difference while assessing various hearing loss degrees). Considerable difficulties in this age group may be explained by the fact, that older and especially oldest patients have a challenge with hearing aids usage (or they are of low efficiency for them) and with assessing theirs difficulties on the questionnaire scales. The HHIA(E)-S scale is useful as a screening tool for early detection of hearing loss, referral of patients to an audiologist and prompt hearing aid fitting.

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