scholarly journals Synthesis and stability study of a new major metabolite of γ-hydroxybutyric acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Nymann Petersen ◽  
Jesper Langgaard Kristensen ◽  
Christian Tortzen ◽  
Torben Breindahl ◽  
Daniel Sejer Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Date Rape ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Detection Window ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Date Rape Drug ◽  
Hydroxybutanoic Acid

γ-Hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB) is used as a date-rape drug, which renders the victims unconscious and defenceless. Intoxications are very difficult to detect for forensic scientists due to rapid metabolism to endogenous levels of GHB. We recently discovered a new major metabolite, 2, of GHB (1) that could potentially extend the analytical detection window for GHB intoxications. Herein we disclose synthetic procedures based on a Koenigs–Knorr glucuronidation approach that provides GHB glucuronide 2 and a deuterium-labelled analogue d 4-2 of high purity suitable for analytical chemistry. In addition, we have assessed the stability of GHB glucuronide 2 by mimicking the natural pH range for urine, which is of importance in the development of new analytical methods. Using NMR we show that GHB glucuronide 2 is highly stable towards aqueous hydrolysis within the pH range normally observed for urine even at elevated temperature.

Colorimetric paper sensor for visual detection of date-rape drug γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

2021 ◽  
pp. 130598
Author(s):  
Seong Uk Son ◽  
Soojin Jang ◽  
Byunghoon Kang ◽  
Junseok Kim ◽  
Jaewoo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Detection ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Date Rape Drug ◽  
Paper Sensor

A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date-Rape Drug γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 4489-4495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent A. Baumes ◽  
Mireia Buaki Sogo ◽  
Pedro Montes-Navajas ◽  
Avelino Corma ◽  
Hermenegildo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape Drug

scholarly journals GHB receptors - a new trend in psychopharmacology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
Jakub Siembida ◽  
Kaja Karakuła
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Date Rape Drug

Abstract Introduction: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is commonly known as a recreation drug or the so-called “date rape drug”. It is also used in medicine to treat narcolepsy and alcohol addiction. GHB has an affinity for two types of receptors: GABAB and the relatively recently discovered GHB receptors. GHB receptors were first cloned in 2003 in mice and then in 2007 in humans. So far, evidence has been presented for their impact on dopaminergic transmission, which may imply that they play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as schizophrenia. At the same time, it has been demonstrated that benzamide antipsychotic drugs have an affinity for GHB receptors, which is why it is postulated that some of the effects of these drugs may result precisely from this affinity. Aim: The study presents the current state of knowledge about GHB receptors and their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and discusses drugs which show an affinity for this receptor. Material and method: The literature review was based on a search of articles indexed between 1965 and 2018 in Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Research Gate databases. The following search terms were used: GHB receptor, GHB, sulpiride, and amisulpride. Result and discussion: 1. It is possible that GHB receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, although more research is needed in this area. 2. Part of the effects of some benzamide antipsychotic drugs (such as amisulpride) may be due to their affinity for GHB receptors.

scholarly journals Inside Cover: A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date-Rape Drug γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 4408-4408
Author(s):  
Laurent A. Baumes ◽  
Mireia Buaki Sogo ◽  
Pedro Montes-Navajas ◽  
Avelino Corma ◽  
Hermenegildo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array ◽  
Date Rape Drug

Azo Dye-based Optical Probe for the Detection toward Mimic Molecule of Date Rape Drug

2021 ◽  
pp. 106237
Author(s):  
Jiwon Ryu ◽  
Ramalingam Manivannan ◽  
Young-A Son
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Date Rape Drug

Schiff base equilibria. II. Beryllium complexes of N-n-butylsalicylideneimine and the hydrolysis of the Be2+ ion

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Green ◽  
PW Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Beryllium Complexes ◽  
Equilibria In Aqueous Solution

The Schiff base, N-n-butylsalicylideneimine, extracts more than 99.8% beryllium into toluene from dilute aqueous solution. The distribution of beryllium has been studied in the pH range 5-13 and is discussed in terms of the several complex equilibria in aqueous solution. The stability constants of the complexes formed between beryllium and the Schiff base are log β1 11.1 and log β2 20.4, and the distribution coefficient of the bis complex is 550. Over most of the pH range, hydrolysis of the Be2+ ion competes with complex formation and provides a means of measuring the hydrolysis constants. They are for the reactions: Be(H2O)42+ ↔ 2H+ + Be(H2O)2(OH)2, log*β2 - 13.65; Be(H2O)42+ ↔ 3H+ + Be(H2O)(OH)3-, log*β3 -24.11.

scholarly journals Investigations of ternary complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with thiodiacetate anion and 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2’-bipyridine in aqueous solutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Wyrzykowski ◽  
Joanna Pranczk ◽  
Dagmara Jacewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Tesmar ◽  
Bogusław Pilarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Hydroxo Complexes ◽  
Binary Complexes ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Potentiometric Titration Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range

AbstractA potentiometric titration method (PT) and a stopped-flow kinetic technique monitored by a UV−Vis spectroscopy have been used to characterize the stability of series of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-thiodiacetato complexes, M(TDA), in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) in aqueous solutions. The stability constants of the binary (1:1), ternary (1:1:1) as well as the resulting hydroxo complexes were evaluated and compared to the corresponding oxydiacetate complexes. Based on the species distribution as a function of pH the relative predominance of the species in the system over a pH range was discussed. Furthermore, the kinetic measurements of the substitution reactions of the aqua ligands to phen or bipy in the coordination sphere of the binary complexes M(TDA) were performed in the 288–303 K temperature range, at a constant concentration of phen or bipy and at seven different concentrations of the binary complexes (0.2–0.5 mM). The kinetic stability of the M(TDA) complexes was discussed in relation to the experimental conditions and the kind of the auxiliary ligands (phen/bipy). Moreover, the influence of the type of primary ligand (thiodiacetate/oxydiacetate) on the substitution rate of the auxiliary ligands was also compared.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Adsorption of Aniline from Aqueous Solution Using H-Beta Zeolites and Copper-Exchanged Beta Zeolites

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Brien ◽  
T. Curtin ◽  
T.F. O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Zeolite Beta ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Beta Zeolite ◽  
Copper Leaching ◽  
Beta Zeolites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

Zeolite beta, a large-pore zeolite, was investigated in this study with a view to examining it as a potential adsorbent for the removal of aniline from aqueous solutions. Two different metal-loaded zeolites were prepared by exchanging H-beta zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 75:1) with copper. The influence of exchanged copper on the uptake level was assessed. The effect of varying the silica-to-alumina ratio of the H-beta zeolite on the aniline uptake level was also examined, using three different H-beta zeolites with ratios of 25:1, 75:1 and 150:1 as adsorbents. The sorption experiments indicated an uptake level of ca. 110–120 mg/g for each zeolite and this level was also adsorbed by the copper-modified H-beta zeolites (SiO2/Al2O3 = 75:1). In all cases, the adsorption process followed the Langmuir model for adsorption and the level of aniline adsorbed was largely unaffected by a change in temperature or the presence of extra framework copper. The stability of the exchanged copper on these zeolites was then examined by measuring the quantity of copper leached from each zeolite into solution as a function of pH. Minimum copper leaching was observed in the pH range 5–11. This provided a stable pH working range for the adsorbent materials.

Comparison of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the “date rape” drug GHB: behavioral toxicology in the mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Arfè ◽  
Sabrine Bilel ◽  
Micaela Tirri ◽  
Paolo Frisoni ◽  
Giovanni Serpelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Date Rape ◽  
Behavioral Toxicology ◽  
Date Rape Drug

Formulation and Stability Test of Lip Cream Preparation of Kenop Flower Ethanol Extract (Gomphrena globosa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevi Irianti Tonapa ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Elsye Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Homogeneous Composition ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Average Dispersion ◽  
Brown Color

Kenop Flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is used in the manufacture of lip cream because contains betacyanin pigments that function as color pigments. This study aims to determine the physical quality and stability of the lip cream preparation of the ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.). This research was conducted experimentally, including the manufacture of lip cream formulations with ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) with a concentration of 10%. The results of the physical examination test for lip cream preparations for all preparations have a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 has ivory white color and F1-F3 has a brown color. The preparations had a homogeneous composition, average pH 6-7, had good greasing power, 5.0-5.8 average dispersion and 60.33-66.67 seconds average adhesion. The stability test carried out on day 28 found that all preparations were stable, had a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 had ivory white color and F1-F3 had a brown color. The preparation has a homogeneous composition; the average pH is 6-7. Where the lip cream formulas F1 and F3 decreased the pH value on the 28th day from 7 to 6 but tended to be stable and in the pH range that matched the lip pH. And there is no phase separation in all formulas.

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