scholarly journals Biosynthesis and function of secondary metabolites

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1620-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen S Dickschat
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Diverse Terpenoids and Their Associated Antifungal Properties from Roots of Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Kaige Zhang ◽  
Yifan Jiang ◽  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
Tobias G. Köllner ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽  
And Function

Roots provide anchorage and enable the absorption of water and micronutrients from the soil for plants. Besides these essential functions, roots are increasingly being recognized as an important organ for the production of diverse secondary metabolites. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and function of terpenoid secondary metabolites in roots of different cultivars of the popular ornamental plant Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Although C. morifolium is known for rich production of secondary metabolites in its flower heads and leaves, the diversity of secondary metabolites in roots remains poorly characterized. In this study, 12 cultivars of C. morifolium were selected for comparative analysis. From their roots, a total of 20 terpenoids were detected, including four monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes, and one diterpene. The cultivar ‘She Yang Hong Xin Ju’ exhibited the highest concentration of total terpenoids at approximately 730 µg·g−1 fresh weight. Most cultivars contained sesquiterpenes as the predominant terpenoids. Of them, (E)-β-farnesene was detected in all cultivars. Based on their terpenoid composition, the 12 cultivars were planed into four groups. To gain insights into the function of root secondary metabolites, we performed bioassays to assess their effects on growth of three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the root extracts among different cultivars were observed. The cultivar ‘Xiao Huang Ju’ was the only cultivar that had significant inhibitory effects on all three species of fungi. Our study reveals the diversity of terpenoids in roots of C. morifolium and their function as a chemical defense against fungi.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Polyketides in Streptomyces

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Risdian ◽  
Tjandrawati Mozef ◽  
Joachim Wink
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function

Polyketides are a large group of secondary metabolites that have notable variety in their structure and function. Polyketides exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, immune-suppressing, anti-cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory activity. Naturally, they are found in bacteria, fungi, plants, protists, insects, mollusks, and sponges. Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that has a filamentous form like fungi. This genus is best known as one of the polyketides producers. Some examples of polyketides produced by Streptomyces are rapamycin, oleandomycin, actinorhodin, daunorubicin, and caprazamycin. Biosynthesis of polyketides involves a group of enzyme activities called polyketide synthases (PKSs). There are three types of PKSs (type I, type II, and type III) in Streptomyces responsible for producing polyketides. This paper focuses on the biosynthesis of polyketides in Streptomyces with three structurally-different types of PKSs.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of its Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Becker ◽  
Christopher Lambert ◽  
Jörg Wieschhaus ◽  
Marc Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
And Function

The ascomycete Hypoxylon invadens was described in 2014 as a fungicolous species growing on a member of its own genus, H.fragiforme, which is considered a rare lifestyle in the Hypoxylaceae. This renders H.invadens an interesting target in our efforts to find new bioactive secondary metabolites from members of the Xylariales. So far, only volatile organic compounds have been reported from H.invadens, but no investigation of non-volatile compounds had been conducted. Furthermore, a phylogenetic assignment following recent trends in fungal taxonomy via a multiple sequence alignment seemed practical. A culture of H.invadens was thus subjected to submerged cultivation to investigate the produced secondary metabolites, followed by isolation via preparative chromatography and subsequent structure elucidation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). This approach led to the identification of the known flaviolin (1) and 3,3-biflaviolin (2) as the main components, which had never been reported from the order Xylariales before. Assessment of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects via a panel of commonly used microorganisms and cell lines in our laboratory did not yield any effects of relevance. Concurrently, genomic DNA from the fungus was used to construct a multigene phylogeny using ribosomal sequence information from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the 28S large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), and proteinogenic nucleotide sequences from the second largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. A placement in a newly formed clade with H.trugodes was strongly supported in a maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny using sequences derived from well characterized strains, but the exact position of said clade remains unclear. Both, the chemical and the phylogenetic results suggest further inquiries into the lifestyle of this unique fungus to get a better understanding of both, its ecological role and function of its produced secondary metabolites hitherto unique to the Xylariales.

scholarly journals Increased Tea Saponin Content Influences the Diversity and Function of Plantation Soil Microbiomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouke Zhang ◽  
Junqia Kong ◽  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xudong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Decomposition Process ◽  
Ecological Management ◽  
Tea Saponin ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
And Function

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) contained in plant litter will be released into soil with the decomposition process, which will affect the diversity and function of soil microbiomes. The response of soil microbiomes to PSMs in terms of diversity and function can provide an important theoretical basis for plantations to put forward rational soil ecological management measures.

scholarly journals Resources of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. in mid-eastern Poland as a potential source of herbal raw material

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
PIOTR SUGIER ◽  
BOGDAN LORENS
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Nuphar Lutea ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Considerable Concentration ◽  
And Function

The aim of this study was to characterize the phytocoenoses with a share of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. and to evaluate the area of patches of Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae Tomaszewicz 1977 as well as resources of the yellow water lily that can be used as a source of valuable medicinal raw material. The field investigations were carried out in the summer seasons of 2009–2018, and fifty-eight lakes were included in this study. Nuphar lutea is a very interesting plant species due to considerable concentration of secondary metabolites and their biological activity. Therefore, under conditions of eastern Poland, it can be a valuable raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. The largest Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae phytocoenoses with N. lutea as the main floristic component are localized especially in retention reservoirs connected with the Wieprz-Krzna Canal and other lakes of a natural character. They are often very shallow basins. Therefore, removal of a biomass, especially in the case of small lakes that overgrow at a very rapid rate, can significantly slow down their shallowing and they will remain and function in the landscape over a longer time. Harvesting the N. lutea leaves can decelerate the process of shallowing of water bodies, especially in the case of retention reservoirs, and may contribute to their better functioning. Collected raw material can be a source of valuable secondary metabolites suitable for the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Polyketides in Streptomyces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Risdian
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Function

Polyketides are large group of secondary metabolites that have notable variety in their structure and function. Polyketides exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, immune-suppressing, anti-cholesterol and anti-inflammatory activity. Naturally, they are found in bacteria, fungi, plants, protists, insects, mollusks and sponges. Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that has a filamentous form like fungi. This genus is best known as one of polyketides producers. Some examples of polyketides produced by Streptomyces are rapamycin, oleandomycin, actinorhodin, daunorubicin and caprazamycin. Biosynthesis of polyketides involves a group of enzyme activities called polyketide synthases (PKSs). There are three types of PKSs (type I, type II, and type III) in Streptomyces that responsible for producing polyketides. This paper focuses on biosynthesis of polyketides in Streptomyces with three structurally different types of PKSs.

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