scholarly journals Biomimetic molecular design tools that learn, evolve, and adapt

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1288-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Design ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Pass Through

A dominant hallmark of living systems is their ability to adapt to changes in the environment by learning and evolving. Nature does this so superbly that intensive research efforts are now attempting to mimic biological processes. Initially this biomimicry involved developing synthetic methods to generate complex bioactive natural products. Recent work is attempting to understand how molecular machines operate so their principles can be copied, and learning how to employ biomimetic evolution and learning methods to solve complex problems in science, medicine and engineering. Automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary algorithms are now converging to generate what might broadly be called in silico-based adaptive evolution of materials. These methods are being applied to organic chemistry to systematize reactions, create synthesis robots to carry out unit operations, and to devise closed loop flow self-optimizing chemical synthesis systems. Most scientific innovations and technologies pass through the well-known “S curve”, with slow beginning, an almost exponential growth in capability, and a stable applications period. Adaptive, evolving, machine learning-based molecular design and optimization methods are approaching the period of very rapid growth and their impact is already being described as potentially disruptive. This paper describes new developments in biomimetic adaptive, evolving, learning computational molecular design methods and their potential impacts in chemistry, engineering, and medicine.

State-Constrained Optimal Solutions for Safe Eco-Approach and Departure at Signalized Intersections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihun Han ◽  
Dominik Karbowski ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Minimum Principle ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Preceding Vehicle ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract This paper provides fundamentals of how to energy-efficiently pass through signalized intersections while avoiding any rear-end collisions with leading vehicles. In our previous works [1, 2], analytical solutions with and without second-order pure state constraints imposed by the preceding vehicle were presented; these showed significant energy saving potential for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) compared to human-driven vehicles. However, these solutions were derived assuming that the desired distance headway policy does not include a speed change over a predictive horizon, and that the preceding vehicle has constant acceleration. We use the desired time headway policy that includes the speed change to define the first-order pure state constraint. We then derive analytical solutions using the direct adjoining method based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle. We also present a novel solver to compute energy-optimal and collision-free state trajectories by accounting for a piecewise constant acceleration of the preceding vehicle without using any numerical optimization methods that require initial guesses. For simple scenarios with one intersection, we analyze how the novel solver allows CAVs to smoothly pass through the signalized intersection and then reach a desired cruising speed. We also use a simulation framework based on high-fidelity powertrain models to validate its effectiveness based on energy savings when driving on real-world urban routes.

Design and optimization methods for scramjet inlets

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Auneau ◽  
Pascal Garnero ◽  
Philippe Duveau
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Design And Optimization

scholarly journals General sociolinguistics, social semiotics and semiotics of culture – ex pluribus unum? Forty years after Language as Social Semiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suren Zolyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Social Semiotics ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Meaning Production ◽  
Linguistic Structures

The birth of social semiotics is usually associated with the publication of Michael Halliday’s book Language as Social Semiotic (1978). We try to draw attention to possible new developments in social semiotics, which still remain a potential transdisciplinary project for social sciences. In order to do this, we address the interrelation between sociolinguistics, social semiotics and the semiotics of culture. All of these describe mechanisms of meaning production and translation beyond linguistic structures. The differentiation between these workings is based on a distinc tion between various aspects of meaning production and communication and functional characteristics of goal setting. The complexity of these processes legitimates the complexity of methodology used to describe them. Interconnection between different domains and aspects may create synthetic methods based on the dynamic approach to meaning production and transmission.

FUZZY BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION TO REDUCE THE CROSSTALK IN MICROSTRIP LINES

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. AHMAD ◽  
M. A. HOSSAIN ◽  
A. K. RAY ◽  
Z. GHASSEMLOOY
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Microstrip Lines

This paper presents an investigation of the design optimization in microstrip lines to reduce the crosstalk level using Fuzzy Logic. In microstrip lines length and spacing, termination conditions of interconnection and output impedance of gates are the major components that cause crosstalk. In order to design high speed printed circuit board (PCB) with optimum interconnection configuration, it is essential to reduce the crosstalk to its minimum tolerance level. A design methodology is proposed to correlate electrical parameters and physical configuration of lines to the crosstalk phenomena. This design is subsequently optimized using Fuzzy Logic to reduce the level of crosstalk. A set of experiments is carried out to demonstrate the capabilities of the design and optimization methods. The effect of the geometrical configuration of the lines on crosstalk, particularly the spacing, is highlighted.

scholarly journals PPAR: The Portrait of a Target Ally to Cancer Chemopreventive Agents

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Sainis ◽  
Katerina Vareli ◽  
Vasilios Karavasilis ◽  
Evangelos Briasoulis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Ppar Ligands ◽  
Tumor Types

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR), one of three ligand-activated transcription factors named PPAR, has been identified as a molecular target for cancer chemopreventive agents. PPAR was initially understood as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis while later on, it became evident that it is also involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, biological processes which are deregulated in cancer. It is now established that PPAR ligands can induce cell differentiation and yield early antineoplastic effects in several tumor types. Moreover, several bioactive natural products with cancer protecting potential are shown to operate through activation of PPAR. Overall, PPAR appears to be a prevalent target ally to cancer chemopreventive agents and therefore pursuing research in this area is of great relevance.

scholarly journals Current State of Development of Ship Structural Design and Optimization Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-187
Author(s):  
Marin Palaversa ◽  
Pero Prebeg ◽  
Jerolin Andrić
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Support System ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Current State ◽  
Design Support System

This paper presents state-of-the-art methodologies and methods used in the rationally-based structural design of ships and offshore structures, namely design support system, structural optimization, surrogate modelling and sensitivity analysis. It demonstrates their application in structural design of a platform support vessel. It ends with a list of benefits that a structural designer may expect when the presented methods/methodologies are used. It also shows the obstacles to their full implementation in the engineering practice.

How to optimize the cost and time of the acquisitions process?

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate-Riin Kont
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Print Format

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the history and new developments of the optimization and analysis of acquisitions costs. More specifically, the acquisition cost and time optimization methods studied concern primarily print format books. Though e-books have begun to be developed more and more, the print format books – both scientific books and textbooks – are still very important for university libraries and continue to pour into acquisition activities. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in this paper are based on a review of relevant literature to provide an overview of the different concepts of the budget allocation and cost accounting methods suitable for the optimizing cost and time of the acquisition process. Different methods are described via reviewing example studies. Findings – On the basis of the current study, it can be said that the acquisitions procedure is more labor-intensive than any other library procedure both historically and nowadays. Nonetheless, the routines of acquisitions have been fairly well fixed over the years and constantly have searched for new ways to reduce costs. The most popular methods to control the acquisitions budget have been centralized and cooperative acquisitions, using vendors for acquiring library materials, customer-based acquisitions, and price indexes. New costing methods described, like activity-based costing and time-driven activity-based costing methodologies seem both to be the best tools for understanding acquisitions cost behavior and for refining a cost system for university libraries. Originality/value – This paper raises a perspective in library acquisitions management that has not been dealt with before. Namely, it explores how the library materials selection moved from intrinsic wisdom of bookish librarians and “just in case” inventory model to “purchase by customer suggestion” model. In addition, how libraries moved from acting on the basis of guesses to examine the cost breakdown of the acquisitions-related activities in a library.

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