scholarly journals Strategies in megasynthase engineering – fatty acid synthases (FAS) as model proteins

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1204-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fischer ◽  
Martin Grininger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Rational Engineering ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthases

Megasynthases are large multienzyme proteins that produce a plethora of important natural compounds by catalyzing the successive condensation and modification of precursor units. Within the class of megasynthases, polyketide synthases (PKS) are responsible for the production of a large spectrum of bioactive polyketides (PK), which have frequently found their way into therapeutic applications. Rational engineering approaches have been performed during the last 25 years that seek to employ the “assembly-line synthetic concept” of megasynthases in order to deliver new bioactive compounds. Here, we highlight PKS engineering strategies in the light of the newly emerging structural information on megasynthases, and argue that fatty acid synthases (FAS) are and will be valuable objects for further developing this field.

scholarly journals The architectures of iterative type I PKS and FAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik A. Herbst ◽  
Craig A. Townsend ◽  
Timm Maier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthases

The architectures of fatty acid synthases and iterative polyketide synthases are remarkably divergent despite their related biosynthetic logics.

In Vitro Investigation of Crosstalk between Fatty Acid and Polyketide Synthases in the Andrimid Biosynthetic Assembly Line

ChemBioChem ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 2137-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihiro Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Sugimoto ◽  
Hideaki Kakeya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

The Structural Enzymology of Iterative Aromatic Polyketide Synthases: A Critical Comparison with Fatty Acid Synthases

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiou-Chuan (Sheryl) Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Multienzyme Complexes ◽  
Structural Enzymology ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthases

Polyketides are a large family of structurally complex natural products including compounds with important bioactivities. Polyketides are biosynthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs), multienzyme complexes derived evolutionarily from fatty acid synthases (FASs). The focus of this review is to critically compare the properties of FASs with iterative aromatic PKSs, including type II PKSs and fungal type I nonreducing PKSs whose chemical logic is distinct from that of modular PKSs. This review focuses on structural and enzymological studies that reveal both similarities and striking differences between FASs and aromatic PKSs. The potential application of FAS and aromatic PKS structures for bioengineering future drugs and biofuels is highlighted.

scholarly journals The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka ◽  
Grzegorz Ciepielowski ◽  
Łukasz Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemometric Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.

scholarly journals Formation of Amphiphilic Molecules from the Most Common Marine Polysaccharides, toward a Sustainable Alternative?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4445
Author(s):  
Tiphaine Wong ◽  
Lorette Brault ◽  
Eric Gasparotto ◽  
Romuald Vallée ◽  
Pierre-Yves Morvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Amphiphilic Molecules

Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.

Lipopeptides as anti-infectives: a practical perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pirri ◽  
Andrea Giuliani ◽  
Silvia Nicoletto ◽  
Lorena Pizzuto ◽  
Andrea Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Lipopeptide Antibiotics

AbstractLipopeptide antibiotics represent an old class of antibiotics that were discovered over 50 years ago, which includes the old polymyxins but also new entries, such as the recently approved daptomycin. They generally consist of a hydrophilic cyclic peptide portion attached to a fatty acid chain which facilitates insertion into the lipid bilayer of bacterial membranes. This review presents an overview of this class of antibiotics, focusing on their therapeutic applications and putting particular emphasis on chemical modifications introduced to improve their activity.

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