scholarly journals A self-assembled cyclodextrin nanocarrier for photoreactive squaraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2535-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kauscher ◽  
Bart Jan Ravoo
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Self Assembled

Photoreactive squaraines produce cytotoxic oxygen species under irradiation and have significant potential for photodynamic therapy. Herein we report that squaraines can be immobilized on a self-assembled nanocarrier composed of amphiphilic cyclodextrins to enhance their photochemical activity. To this end, a squaraine was equipped with two adamantane moieties that act as anchors for the cyclodextrin vesicle surface. The supramolecular immobilization was monitored by using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy and the photochemistry of the squaraine was investigated by using absorption spectroscopy.

Self-assembled gold nanostar–NaYF4:Yb/Er clusters for multimodal imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (25) ◽  
pp. 4455-4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangcan He ◽  
Joseph Dragavon ◽  
Suehyun Cho ◽  
Chenchen Mao ◽  
Adem Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Gold Nanostar ◽  
Self Assembled

A grand challenge for medicine is to develop tools to selectively image and treat diseased cells.

scholarly journals Tailoring photosensitive ROS for advanced photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Loc Sai ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Duc Long Nguyen ◽  
Young-Pil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Future Challenges

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.

Current phthalocyanines delivery systems in photodynamic therapy: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Miretti ◽  
Cesar German Prucca ◽  
Tomas Cristian Tempesti ◽  
Maria Teresa Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Cellular Components

: Photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological, cardiovascular, dermatological, infectious, and ophthalmic diseases. Photodynamic therapy combines the action of a photosensitizer with light in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species capable of reacting with cellular components resulting in injury and, consequently, inducing cellular death. Phthalocyanines are considered good photosensitizers, although most of them are lipophilic, difficulting their administration for clinical use. A strategy to overcome the lack of solubility of phthalocyanines in aqueous media is to incorporate them into different delivery systems. The present review aimed to summarize the current status of the main drug delivery systems used for Zn and Al phthalocyanines and their effect in photodynamic therapy, reported in the last five years. Liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold-nanoparticles constituted some of the most used carriers and were discussed in this review. The latest studies reported strongly suggests that the application of nanotechnologies as delivery systems allow an increase in photodynamic therapy efficacy and reduce side-effects associated with the phthalocyanine administration, which represents a promise for cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Liposome Photosensitizer Formulations for Effective Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Sherif Ashraf Fahmy ◽  
Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy ◽  
Jens Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Invasive Strategy ◽  
Non Invasive

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising non-invasive strategy in the fight against that which circumvents the systemic toxic effects of chemotherapeutics. It relies on photosensitizers (PSs), which are photoactivated by light irradiation and interaction with molecular oxygen. This generates highly reactive oxygen species (such as 1O2, H2O2, O2, ·OH), which kill cancer cells by necrosis or apoptosis. Despite the promising effects of PDT in cancer treatment, it still suffers from several shortcomings, such as poor biodistribution of hydrophobic PSs, low cellular uptake, and low efficacy in treating bulky or deep tumors. Hence, various nanoplatforms have been developed to increase PDT treatment effectiveness and minimize off-target adverse effects. Liposomes showed great potential in accommodating different PSs, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other therapeutically active molecules. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in encapsulating PSs alone or combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs into liposomes for effective tumor PDT.

scholarly journals New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira ◽  
Erick Martínez-Herrera ◽  
Gabriella Fabbrocini ◽  
Beatriz Sanchez-Blanco ◽  
Adriana López-Barcenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Mycoses ◽  
New Applications

The most important aetiological agent of opportunistic mycoses worldwide is Candida spp. These yeasts can cause severe infections in the host, which may be fatal. Isolates of Candida albicans occur with greater frequency and variable resistance patterns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognised as an alternative treatment to kill pathogenic microorganisms. PDT utilises a photosensitizer, which is activated at a specific wavelength and oxygen concentration. Their reaction yields reactive oxygen species that kill the infectious microorganism. A systematic review of new applications of PDT in the management of candidiasis was performed. Of the 222 studies selected for in-depth screening, 84 were included in this study. All the studies reported the antifungal effectiveness, toxicity and dosimetry of treatment with antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) with different photosensitizers against Candida spp. The manuscripts that are discussed reveal the breadth of the new applications of aPDT against Candida spp., which are resistant to common antifungals. aPDT has superior performance compared to conventional antifungal therapies. With further studies, aPDT should prove valuable in daily clinical practice.

scholarly journals Applications of Oxygen-Carrying Micro/Nanobubbles: a Potential Approach to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saad Khan ◽  
Jangsun Hwang ◽  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Yonghyun Choi ◽  
Kyobum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy

Microbubbles and nanobubbles can be prepared using various shells, such as phospholipids, polymers, proteins, and surfactants. They are echogenic and can be used as contrast agents for ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging. These bubbles can be engineered in various sizes as vehicles for gas and drug delivery applications with novel properties and flexible structures. Hypoxic areas in tumors develop owing to an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. In tumors, hypoxic regions have shown more resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapies. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy depends on the availability of oxygen in the tumor to generate reactive oxygen species. Micro/nanobubbles have been shown to reverse hypoxic conditions and increase tissue oxygen levels. This review summarizes the synthesis methods and shell compositions of micro/nanobubbles and methods deployed for oxygen delivery. In addition, the shortcomings and prospects of engineering micro/nanobubbles are discussed for their potential use in photodynamic therapy.

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