scholarly journals Temporal expectancy modulates inhibition of return in a discrimination task

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gabay ◽  
A. Henik
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Temporal Expectancy

scholarly journals Inhibition of Return in Fear of Spiders: Discrepant Eye Movement and Reaction Time Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Berdica ◽  
Antje B. M. Gerdes ◽  
Andre Pittig ◽  
Georg W. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Time Data

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a bias against returning the attention to a previously attended location. As a foraging facilitator it is thought to facilitate systematic visual search. With respect to neutral stimuli, this is generally thought to be adaptive, but when threatening stimuli appear in our environment, such a bias may be maladaptive. This experiment investigated the influence of phobia-related stimuli on the IOR effect using a discrimination task. A sample of 50 students (25 high, 25 low in spider fear) completed an IOR task including schematic representations of spiders or butterflies as targets. Eye movements were recorded and to assess discrimination among targets, participants indicated with button presses if targets were spiders or butterflies. Reaction time data did not reveal a significant IOR effect but a significant interaction of group and target; spider fearful participants were faster to respond to spider targets than to butterflies. Furthermore, eye-tracking data showed a robust IOR effect independent of stimulus category. These results offer a more comprehensive assessment of the motor and oculomotor factors involved in the IOR effect.

Inhibition of Return Arises from Inhibition of Response Processes: An Analysis of Oscillatory Beta Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Pastötter ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr ◽  
Karl-Heinz Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Target Design

In the orienting of attention paradigm, inhibition of return (IOR) refers to slowed responses to targets presented at the same location as a preceding stimulus. No consensus has yet been reached regarding the stages of information processing underlying the inhibition. We report the results of an electro-encephalogram experiment designed to examine the involvement of response inhibition in IOR. Using a cue-target design and a target-target design, we addressed the role of response inhibition in a location discrimination task. Event-related changes in beta power were measured because oscillatory beta activity has been shown to be related to motor activity. Bilaterally located sources in the primary motor cortex showed event-related beta desynchronization (ERD) both at cue and target presentation and a rebound to event-related beta synchronization (ERS) after movement execution. In both designs, IOR arose from an enhancement of beta synchrony. IOR was related to an increase of beta ERS in the target-target design and to a decrease of beta ERD in the cue-target design. These results suggest an important role of response inhibition in IOR.

Inhibition of Return Using Discrimination of Location

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Response Compatibility ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Stimulus Response Compatibility

The present study investigated “inhibition of return” which refers to increased response latency when the target in a location discrimination task appears in the same location on consecutive trials. Location discrimination tasks were performed by 28 university students (19–21 years of age) in two experiments. In Exp. 1 the task was to press a left or right button in response to a stimulus displayed on a computer screen. The first condition manipulated stimulus-response compatibility which resulted in changing the inhibition of return. Inhibition of return was stronger when the condition was stimulus-response incompatibility. This result shows that inhibition of return functions strongly under incompatible conditions. A second condition required performance of dual tasks in Exp. 2. Again, changes in inhibition of return were seen. These results show that inhibition of return functions strongly under both dual task and incompatible conditions. Inhibition of return was interpreted as functioning strongly when the task was more difficult.

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Reward-by-Cueing Interactions: ERP Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Li ◽  
Meichen Zhang ◽  
Lulu Wu ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Ping Wei
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Related Potentials

Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the phenomenon that a person is slower to respond to targets at a previously cued location. The present study aimed to explore whether target-reward association is subject to IOR, using event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the underlying neural mechanism. Each participant performed a localization task and a color discrimination task in an exogenous cueing paradigm, with the targets presented in colors (green/red) previously associated with high- or low-reward probability. The results of both tasks revealed that the N1, Nd, and P3 components exhibited differential amplitudes between cued and uncued trials (i.e., IOR) under low reward, with the N1 and Nd amplitudes being enhanced for uncued trials compared to cued trials, and the P3 amplitude being enhanced for cued trials vs. uncued trials. Under high reward, however, no difference was found between the amplitudes on cued and uncued trials for any of the components. These findings demonstrate that targets that were previously associated with high reward can be resistant to IOR and the current results enrich the evidence for interactions between reward-association and attentional orientation in the cueing paradigm.

Inhibition of Return Using Location Discrimination in Two Age Groups

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Two Age Groups

The present study investigated “inhibition of return” which refers to increased response latency when the target in a location discrimination task appears in the same location on consecutive trials. Research to date has suggested that this effect is little changed across age. However, this study, which compared 12 older adults in good health ( M = 73.0, SD = 5.3) with younger adults using the target-target paradigm to examine inhibition of return, suggests there is a strong and continuous effect in older adults in comparison to younger adults. Results indicate the possibility that the inhibitory function may become stronger at an older age.

Different Effects of Exogenous Cues in a Visual Detection and Discrimination Task: Delayed Attention Withdrawal and/or Speeded Motor Inhibition?

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob H. J. Van der Lubbe ◽  
Rutger O. Vogel ◽  
Albert Postma
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Exogenous Cues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inhibition Hypothesis ◽  
Time Courses

Several studies examining spatial attention have found a discrepancy regarding the effects of exogenous cues on reaction times in visual detection and discrimination tasks. Namely, across a wide range of cue-target intervals, responses are slower for targets at cued than at uncued locations (inhibition of return) in detection tasks, whereas responses are faster for targets at cued than at uncued locations (facilitation) in discrimination tasks. Two hypotheses were proposed to account for this discrepancy. First, attention may dwell much longer on the exogenously cued location in discrimination tasks because stimuli have to be identified (i.e., the delayed attention withdrawal hypothesis). Secondly, due to increased motor preparation in detection tasks, cue-induced motor inhibition may rise much faster in these tasks than in discrimination tasks (i.e., the speeded motor inhibition hypothesis). We examined to what extent these hypotheses can account for effects of exogenous cues in a detection and discrimination task on the extrastriate P1 component, and the onset of motor activation, as indexed by the lateralized readiness potential. Some support was found for the delayed attention withdrawal hypothesis, as task-dependent cueing effects were found on the P1 component. Other aspects of our data, however, indicate that motor inhibition is also involved. Based on these findings, we propose that effects of exogenous cues in detection and discrimination tasks are determined by the interplay between two mechanisms, of which the time courses of activation may be modulated by the specific setting.

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