scholarly journals Joint effects of mean and variance of run lengths on a non-feedback probability learning task

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
John C. Munson ◽  
Frederick L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Probability Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Probability Learning Task ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Run Lengths

Learning of Negative Cue Validities as a Function of Statistical Sophistication and Instruction

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Sniezek ◽  
A. L. Dudycha ◽  
N. W. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Theoretical Probability ◽  
Probability Learning Task ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Negative Rule

The effects of cue-criterion instructions on subjects' achievement, consistency, and matching were examined. The probability-learning task involved two cues which were negatively related to the criterion. Subjects varied in their degree of mathematical training prior to the experiment. On all measures, mathematical sophistication enhanced rate of performance. Increasingly detailed information about cue-criterion relationships and negative linear functions greatly improved level of achievement, demonstrating that subjects can immediately utilize a negative rule if given thorough instruction. Results are discussed with respect to their implications concerning theoretical probability-learning processes and suggestions for improving human decision-making in probabilistic environments.

Learning conditional frequencies in a probability learning task

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Pitz ◽  
Judith A. Englert ◽  
Kenneth Haxby ◽  
Lock Sing Leung
Keyword(s):  
Probability Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Probability Learning Task

Birth Order and Relative Effectiveness of Social and Nonsocial Reinforcers

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Probability Learning Task ◽  
Social Reinforcers ◽  
Social Dependence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Undergraduates were administered a probability learning task to determine the relationship between birth order and the relative effectiveness of social and nonsocial reinforcers. Firstborn individuals performed better than later-born Ss under social reinforcement conditions. Over-all, social reinforcers enhanced performance more than nonsocial reinforcers. Findings were interpreted as supporting greater social dependence of firstborns.

scholarly journals Exploration and recency as the main proximate causes of probability matching: a reinforcement learning analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Feher da Silva ◽  
Camila Gomes Victorino ◽  
Nestor Caticha ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Chrysóstomo Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Probability Matching ◽  
Probability Learning Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Majority Outcome

ABSTRACTResearch has not yet reached a consensus on why humans match probabilities instead of maximise in a probability learning task. The most influential explanation is that they search for patterns in the random sequence of outcomes. Other explanations, such as expectation matching, are plausible, but do not consider how reinforcement learning shapes people’s choices.We aimed to quantify how human performance in a probability learning task is affected by pattern search and reinforcement learning. We collected behavioural data from 84 young adult participants who performed a probability learning task wherein the majority outcome was rewarded with 0.7 probability, and analysed the data using a reinforcement learning model that searches for patterns. Model simulations indicated that pattern search, exploration, recency (discounting early experiences), and forgetting may impair performance.Our analysis estimated that 85% (95% HDI [76, 94]) of participants searched for patterns and believed that each trial outcome depended on one or two previous ones. The estimated impact of pattern search on performance was, however, only 6%, while those of exploration and recency were 19% and 13% respectively. This suggests that probability matching is caused by uncertainty about how outcomes are generated, which leads to pattern search, exploration, and recency.

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