scholarly journals D-amphetamine and palatability of a saccharin solution

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Bauer ◽  
E. Vicar Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Saccharin Solution

Post-Irradiation Saccharin Avoidance with Non-Coincident Stimuli

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. McLaurin ◽  
John A. Farley ◽  
Barron B. Scarborough ◽  
Travis D. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Per Se

Two separate studies were made to determine the degree of post-irradiation saccharin avoidance behavior displayed by rats given tap water or no fluid to drink prior to low-level x-irradiation exposure. In neither study were significant differences, in post-treatment saccharin avoidance behavior, found between the groups receiving saccharin solution, tap water or no fluid to drink prior to radiation exposure. It was concluded that the results could be viewed as additional evidence for the hypothesis of an association of a disturbed physiological state and the discriminatory saccharin solution in the home cage and not an association of x-irradiation with saccharin solution per se. Doubt was expressed that the results could be taken as evidence for successful backward conditioning.

scholarly journals Sweetness and bitterness taste of meals per se does not mediate gastric emptying in humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. R632-R639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya J. Little ◽  
Nili Gupta ◽  
R. Maynard Case ◽  
David G. Thompson ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Signaling Peptides ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Control Study

In cell line and animal models, sweet and bitter tastants induce secretion of signaling peptides (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin) and slow gastric emptying (GE). Whether human GE and appetite responses are regulated by the sweetness or bitterness per se of ingested food is, however, unknown. We aimed to determine whether intragastric infusion of “equisweet” ( Study A) or “equibitter” ( Study B) solutions slow GE to the same extent, and whether a glucose solution made sweeter by the addition of saccharin will slow GE more potently than glucose alone. Healthy nonobese subjects were studied in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Subjects received 500-ml intragastric infusions of predetermined equisweet solutions of glucose (560 mosmol/kgH2O), fructose (290 mosmol/kgH2O), aspartame (200 mg), and saccharin (50 mg); twice as sweet glucose + saccharin, water (volumetric control) ( Study A); or equibitter solutions of quinine (0.198 mM), naringin (1 mM), or water ( Study B). GE was evaluated using a [13C]acetate breath test, and hunger and fullness were scored using visual analog scales. In Study A, equisweet solutions did not empty similarly. Fructose, aspartame, and saccharin did not slow GE compared with water, but glucose did ( P < 0.05). There was no additional effect of the sweeter glucose + saccharin solution ( P > 0.05, compared with glucose alone). In Study B, neither bitter tastant slowed GE compared with water. None of the solutions modulated perceptions of hunger or fullness. We conclude that, in humans, the presence of sweetness and bitterness taste per se in ingested solutions does not appear to signal to influence GE or appetite perceptions.

scholarly journals SGLT1 sugar transporter/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. R631-R639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sclafani ◽  
Hermann Koepsell ◽  
Karen Ackroff
Keyword(s):  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Flavored Solution ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Recent findings suggest that the intestinal sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) glucose transporter and sensor mediates, in part, the appetite-stimulation actions of intragastric (IG) glucose and nonmetabolizable α-methyl-d-glucopyranoside (MDG) infusions in mice. Here, we investigated the role of SGLT1 in sugar conditioning using SGLT1 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. An initial experiment revealed that both KO and WT mice maintained on a very low-carbohydrate diet display normal preferences for saccharin, which was used in the flavored conditioned stimulus (CS) solutions. In experiment 2, mice were trained to drink one flavored solution (CS+) paired with an IG MDG infusion and a different flavored solution (CS−) paired with IG water infusion. In contrast to WT mice, KO mice decreased rather than increased the intake of the CS+ during training and failed to prefer the CS+ over the CS− in a choice test. In experiment 3, the KO mice also decreased their intake of a CS+ paired with IG glucose and avoided the CS+ in a choice test, unlike WT mice, which preferred the CS+ to CS−. In experiment 4, KO mice, like WT mice preferred a glucose + saccharin solution to a saccharin solution. These findings support the involvement of SGLT1 in post-oral glucose and MDG conditioning. The results also indicate that sugar malabsorption in KO mice has inhibitory effects on sugar intake but does not block their natural preference for sweet taste.

The prognostic value of mucociliary clearance in predicting success in tympanoplasty

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Giménez ◽  
J. Marco-Algarra
Keyword(s):  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Predicting Success ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Success Group ◽  
Normal Transport

AbstractMucociliary and equipressive eustachian tube functions have been studied, using saccharin solution (five per cent sodium saccharinate) and tubal manometry respectively, in 58 ears with chronic disease undergoing tympanoplasty. The position of the perforation site determines the results as the poorest results are obtained from the posterior ones, positive cases (47 per cent) and mean transport time (37.7 minutes), compared to the greater percentage of positive cases (86 per cent) and mean transport time (22.2 minutes) for anterior perforations.When both parameters are analysed together there is a direct relationship between normal equipressive function and normal mucociliary transport time and between negative transport time and tubal blocking. Significant differences in transport times have been found for the anterior and posterior perforations being shorter for the anterior ones.When surgical outcome is correlated with mucociliary transport, the normal transport time percentage is seen to be considerably higher in the success group (50 per cent) than in the failure group (22 per cent).

Saccharin Avoidance Behavior Instigated by X-Irradiation in Backward Conditioning Paradigms

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Scarborough ◽  
D. L. Whaley ◽  
J. G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation

Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to eight groups of seven animals each. The remaining four animals served as a pooled control. The eight experimental groups received 68 r of x-irradiation during a 10-min. exposure period. The pooled control group received only sham-irradiation. Animals were presented a choice of tap water of 0.1% saccharin solution at delays following irradiation ranging from 0 to 96 hr. Subsequent saccharin consumption was recorded for 4 days following irradiation. Results showed a decrease in saccharin consumption in groups which had first received the saccharin from 0 to 12 hr. after irradiation. No significant decrease was exhibited by groups with delays of 24 hr. or more.

scholarly journals Bingeing in rats: Persistence of high intakes of palatable solutions induced by 1-in-4 days intermittent access

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Rehn ◽  
Robert A. Boakes
Keyword(s):  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Intermittent Access ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Maltodextrin Solution

AbstractWhen animals are given access to a palatable food or drink on some days but not on others, the amount they consume can far exceed the daily amounts consumed by controls given daily access. In a previous study such bingeing was found when rats were given 4% sucrose solution; it also found that, following 1-in-4-days access for many weeks, intakes remained persistently higher than that of controls even when the conditions were changed to 1-in-2-days access for both groups. One aim of the three experiments reported here was to test whether such persistent bingeing could be found for other solutions. This was confirmed in rats for a saccharin solution and a highly palatable saccharin-plus-glucose solution. However, when a maltodextrin solution was used, initial increased intakes produced by the 1-in-4-days schedule were not maintained when this was changed to a 1-in-2-days schedule. These results suggested that the hedonic value of a solution is more important than its caloric content in determining whether it will support persistent bingeing. A second aim was to test for evidence that the 1-in-4-days procedure induced an addiction to the target solution. No such evidence was found using multiple measures including instrumental responding and anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus-maze for craving and withdrawal respectively.

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