scholarly journals The relative difficulty of a subject-generated rule in an attribute identification task

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Richard L. Gottwald ◽  
Michael R. Swaine
Keyword(s):  
Identification Task ◽  
Relative Difficulty ◽  
Attribute Identification

Motivational Effects of Normative Feedback Following Success-Failure Experience on Attribute Identification Performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Normative Feedback ◽  
Identification Performance ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Attribute Identification ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Failure Experience ◽  
Better Than

Each of 42 college subjects performed first on a conjunctive attribute identification task and then was subjected to one of seven treatment conditions, six experimental and one filler control. The six conditions resulted from variations of two nested factors: Experience (success vs. failure) followed by Reference Group Norm (above- vs. equal-to- vs. below-RGN). Finally, each subject performed on a conjunctive criterion task similar to the initial one. Having repeatedly succeeded initially, the subjects given equal-to-RGN feedback performed most efficiently, while those given above- or below-RGN feedback did not perform any better than the control subjects. Having repeatedly failed initially, the subjects given equal-to-RGN feedback showed the most performance decrement, while those given above- or below-RGN feedback did not show any performance decrement. These findings were interpreted to support the hypothesis that the subjective probability induced by normative feedback mediates performance via an experimentally produced motive-like orientation.

Responses of Language-Disordered Children to Wh-Questions

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Parnell ◽  
James D. Amerman ◽  
Roger D. Harting
Keyword(s):  
Relative Difficulty ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Wh Questions

Nineteen language-disordered children aged 3—7 years responded to items representing nine wh-question forms. Questions referred to three types of referential sources based on immediacy and visual availability. Three and 4-year-olds produced significantly fewer functionally appropriate and functionally accurate answers than did the 5- and 6-year-olds. Generally, questions asked with reference to nonobservable persons, actions, or objects appeared the most difficult. Why, when, and what happened questions were the most difficult of the nine wh-forms. In comparison with previous data from normal children, the language-disordered subjects' responses were significantly less appropriate and accurate. The language-disordered children also appeared particularly vulnerable to the increased cognitive/linguistic demands of questioning directed toward nonimmediate referents. A hierarchy of wh-question forms by relative difficulty was very similar to that observed for normal children. Implications for wh-question assessment and intervention are discussed.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

Combining the Post-Cue Task and the Perceptual Identification Task to Assess Parallel Activation and Mutual Facilitation of Related Primes and Targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Scherer ◽  
Dirk Wentura
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Parallel Activation ◽  
Prime Target

Abstract. Recent theories assume a mutual facilitation in case of semantic overlap for concepts being activated simultaneously. We provide evidence for this claim using a semantic priming paradigm. To test for mutual facilitation of related concepts, a perceptual identification task was employed, presenting prime-target pairs briefly and masked, with an SOA of 0 ms (i.e., prime and target were presented concurrently, one above the other). Participants were instructed to identify the target. In Experiment 1, a cue defining the target was presented at stimulus onset, whereas in Experiment 2 the cue was not presented before the offset of stimuli. Accordingly, in Experiment 2, a post-cue task was merged with the perceptual identification task. We obtained significant semantic priming effects in both experiments. This result is compatible with the view that two concepts can both be activated in parallel and can mutually facilitate each other if they are related.

Semantic and episodic priming in a perceptual identification task

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers ◽  
Rene Zeelenberg ◽  
Chris Schrijnemakers
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Identification ◽  
Identification Task
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