scholarly journals Transposition with auditory stimuli following successive discrimination training

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-410
Author(s):  
Michael Blaz ◽  
Jeral R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Successive Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Stimuli

The Perception of Linear Gestalten by Rat and Monkey: Sensory Sensitivity or the Perception of Structure?

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan O McGonigle ◽  
Barry T Jones
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Successive Discrimination ◽  
Continuous Line ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity

Four experiments on rats and squirrel monkeys are reported which show that the well-known transposition by animals to continuous from broken or interrupted line stimuli, first reported by Krechevsky, is attributable to their failure to transfer from simultaneous to successive discrimination of dot patterns. When given appropriate successive discrimination training, however, monkeys reverse their original preference and select dot instead of continuous line stimuli.

An Experiment on Shape Discrimination and Signal Detection in Octopus

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. A. Muntz
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Successive Discrimination ◽  
General Level ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vertical Bars

Ten octopuses were trained to perform a successive discrimination between the two shapes shown in Figure I (a). After 7 days of training, when performance was significantly above chance, transfer tests were given with other shapes that were either rotations or parts of the original training shapes. At least six theories have been put forward to explain shape discrimination in the octopus, but none of these are capable of explaining the present results. The transfer tests suggest that the discrimination was performed in terms of component parts of the shapes (vertical bars projecting upwards or downwards), and their relationship to the shape as a whole (terminal or central). During successive discrimination training the general level of attack varies between animals, and fluctuates from day to day. As a result there are often more attacks on both the positive and negative shapes on some occasions than others, making it difficult to compare the levels of discrimination achieved. It is suggested that the concepts of signal detection theory can help overcome this difficulty. Attacks on the positive shape (“hits”) plotted against attacks on the negative shape (“false positives”) constitute an ROC curve from which a value of d′, independant of the general level of attack, can be obtained.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

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