scholarly journals Information processing and the decremental effect of intermittent reinforcement schedules in human conditioning

1979 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Prokasy ◽  
William C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Decremental Effect ◽  
Human Conditioning

Frustration Effect in a Free Operant Situation for Albino Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1006
Author(s):  
B. Michael Quirt ◽  
Jerome S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Frustration Effect ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Free Operant Situation

Rats were trained to bar press for food reinforcement in a two-bar multiple fixed-ratio situation. After the animal had established asymptotic rates of time for transferring between bars and responding on each bar, responding on one bar led to no reinforcement or random intermittent (50%) reinforcement. Responding on a second bar was always reinforced. Under both schedules of reinforcement, rats decreased their time to transfer to the second bar and their time to respond on the second bar. All animals also displayed an initial disruption of transfer back to and responses on the first bar. For rats on the intermittent reinforcement schedule, the decreased response time on the reinforced bar was primarily found after nonreinforcement of response to the previous bar. Reinforcement schedules for response to the first bar did not differentially affect the above behavior.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

Response Strength of Young Children in Operant Audiometry

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Primus ◽  
Gary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Intermittent Reinforcement ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Conditioning Rate ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Measured Response ◽  
Response Habituation

An operant conditioning discrimination paradigm was evaluated in terms of relationships between response behavior of young children and two stimulus components of the paradigm, the discriminative stimulus (DS) and the reinforcing stimulus (RS). Experiment I measured response performance in normal 1-year-old subjects as a function of differences in intensity and/or complexity among three DSs. Results showed no significant differences in conditioning rate, habituation, or consistency of the conditioned response relative to variable properties of the DS. Experiment II examined response performance of normal 2-year-old children as a function of two modifications in the RS, reinforcement schedule and reinforcement novelty. Subjects reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement and subjects reinforced on a 100% schedule demonstrated equivalent response habituation and consistency. In the second part of the experiment, subjects receiving novel RSs showed significantly greater response recovery than subjects reinforced with familiar RSs. Comparison of normal 1- and 2-year-old children revealed similar rates of conditioning and response consistency. However, 2-year-olds habituated more rapidly than 1-year-olds.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

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