scholarly journals The effect of short-term sensory restriction on the tachistoscopic recognition threshold

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Milstein ◽  
D. Oleson ◽  
John P. Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition

Effect of Short-Term Sensory Restriction on Tachistoscopic Recognition Threshold: A Follow-up Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brosziewski ◽  
T. Gutkin ◽  
S. L. Milstein ◽  
John P. Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Lowering ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Presentation Procedure ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
Perceptual Deprivation

A follow-up study, employing a modified stimulus presentation procedure, provided further evidence in support of an earlier finding indicating that a 5-min. period of either sensory or perceptual deprivation does not produce a significant lowering of the tachistoscopic recognition threshold for digits.

Integration of Post-Exposural Directional Scanning and Cerebral Dominance Explanations of Lateral Differences in Tachistoscopic Recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fudin ◽  
Catherine C. Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

Post-exposural directional scanning and cerebral dominance are major postulates which account for lateral differences in tachistoscopic perception. These ideas can be integrated when tachistoscopic perception is viewed as a short-term memory task. Briefly exposed stimuli not only have to be scanned, but also rehearsed, subvocally, before they can be encoded. Since most Ss are left-hemisphere dominant for language, scanned information arriving in the right hemisphere has to be sent to the left hemisphere for rehearsal. This transmission effects a loss of scanned information because it is held in a rapidly dissipating storage. These ideas account for lateral differences found with vertically and horizontally oriented targets, but methodological considerations are discussed which indicate that these notions are more clearly demonstrable with the former than latter displays.

Buffer Storage Modality and Identification Time in Tachistoscopic Recognition

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition

According to Sperling's (1967) model of short-term memory briefly presented masked stimuli are rapidly read into a non-visual Recognition Buffer (the RB model). An alternative interpretation of the data is that the stimulus information is coded into a non-iconic Visual Buffer where it is held while a much slower recognition process takes place (the VB model). The high frequency of errors in experiments with sequentially presented stimuli appears to refute the possibility that recognition is as rapid as suggested by the RB model. However these data may be attributed to variations in effective stimulus duration and stimulus quality rather than to slow recognition time. In an experiment to control for these effects, normal, laterally inverted and spaced digits were presented in a rapid sequence (1–10 items/s) with intervening pattern masks to keep the stimulus/mask interval constant. The recall data showed that order errors increased with rate of presentation but that item errors remained invariant. At the fastest rates of presentation there were fewer order errors for spaced than for coincident digits. It was argued that the results, as a whole, were more consistent with the VB than the RB model and that there is no evidence for identification times as fast as 10–40 ms/item.

Frequency-Threshold Relation with Association Value Controlled

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Keith Rodewald
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Perceptual Factor ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Frequency Threshold ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Print Size

An experiment was performed in which the tachistoscopic recognition threshold for nonsense syllables was the dependent variable. Glaze association value (AV), print size (between- Ss effects), and frequency of prior exposure of the syllables (within- Ss effect) were the independent variables. Analysis of variance indicated significance ( p = .05) for size and frequency main effects. Thresholds decreased with increasing size and frequency. The AV main effect and the interactions were not significant, although the trend suggested an inverse relation between AV and thresholds. The findings as an extension of earlier work and as evidence for a perceptual factor in the frequency-threshold relation were discussed.

Depression: A Breakdown of Perceptual Defence?

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Powell ◽  
David R. Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryThe effect of depressed mood on the tachistoscopic recognition of neutral/unpleasant words was investigated in a group of 18 depressed inpatients and in 17 normal controls. A 50% recognition threshold for 30 neutral words was calculated for each subject, in order to exclude the effects of depressive slowness on the experimental task. Each subject was tachistoscopically presented with a series of experimental words (30 neutral/30 unpleasant) at his 50% level, and the ratio of neutral to unpleasant words recognised calculated. Depressed subjects tended to recognise a higher ratio of unpleasant to neutral words.

Direct Measures of Short-Term Visual Storage

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Norman Haber ◽  
L. G. Standing
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Visual Persistence ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Storage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Measures

Two experiments, involving seven conditions, explored the use of direct measures of visual persistence. In each, the subject was asked to judge if an intermittent stimulus appeared perceptually continuous, or whether it completely faded before the next presentation occurred. The first experiment showed that visual persistence was set at approximately 250 msec. for a recycling presentation of a circle in a tachistoscope; in another task employing a moving opaque slit passing back and forth over a circle, persistence times averaged 50 msec. longer. Reducing luminance by 2 log units increased persistence only slightly, though removing the adapting field increased it by over 100 msec. The second experiment, using the repeating circle, varied the duration of the stimulus, and compared monoptic with dichoptic presentations. Visual persistence was found to be independent of stimulus duration over a range of 4 to 200 msec., where all durations were above recognition threshold for the stimulus. Persistence was unaffected whether the stimulus was repeatedly presented in the same eye or alternated between eyes, strongly suggesting that the storage is central. Finally, a re-analysis of Dodwell and Engel's paper on stereopsis suggests that their effects can be adequately explained by visual persistence of the asynchronous stereo pairs, rather than a more complex fusion model. All of these results strongly support the use of visual persistence as a direct measure of short-term visual storage.

Recall of Letters from the Left and Right Visual Half-Fields under Unilateral and Bilateral Presentation

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hines ◽  
Louis W. Sutker ◽  
Paul Satz ◽  
Ann Altman
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Bilateral Presentation ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Tachistoscopic Recognition ◽  
The Right

Bilateral presentation in the visual half-field greatly increases superiority of the right visual half-field in tachistoscopic recognition of words when fixation is controlled using a center digit. Two experiments explored left-right asymmetry with bilateral presentation on a visual half-field short-term memory task, with fixation controlled by a sequence of letters at fixation. A total of 40 subjects served in the two experiments, which compared recall under unilateral versus bilateral presentation to the visual half-field. Bilateral presentation increased over-all recall from the last serial position but did not alter asymmetry of the visual half-field. As in previous experiments, the superiority of the right visual half-field was greatest from the initial serial positions. It was concluded that asymmetry of the visual half-field on this recall task with controlled fixation depends primarily on masking and short-term memory but is independent of unilateral-bilateral presentation.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

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