scholarly journals Eye movements of monkeys during brightness discrimination and discrimination reversal

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Schrier ◽  
Thomas G. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Reversal

Overlearning and brightness-discrimination reversal.

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. D'Amato ◽  
Donald Schiff
Keyword(s):  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Reversal

Effects of Novel Irrelevant Cues on Brightness Discrimination Reversal in Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1223-1226
Author(s):  
Frank Hartel ◽  
Marilyn Hafer
Keyword(s):  
Irrelevant Dimension ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Reversal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Facilitative Effect

Rats learned a brightness discrimination with irrelevant form cues present. Following overtraining, reinforcement contingencies were successively reversed with respect to brightness cues. Novel form cues were introduced at the first reversal and at each of two successive reversals for 20 rats; 20 experienced the same form cues throughout. The novel-cue group required significantly fewer trials to criterion than the same-cue group, over all phases. Implications of the facilitative effect of novelty along an irrelevant dimension are discussed.

Effects of Overlearning and Spatial Delay of Reinforcement upon a Discrimination Reversal

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coleman Paul ◽  
Joan Havlena
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Original Learning ◽  
Brightness Discrimination ◽  
Positive Stimulus ◽  
Discrimination Reversal ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Delay Of Reinforcement ◽  
Brightness Discrimination Task

Rats were trained on a brightness discrimination task under two conditions of spatial delay of reinforcement. Groups received either 0 or 150 postcriterial trials and then were given reversal training. Reversal training was under either the same delay as experienced in original learning or the alternate one. The results indicated that the delay variable, ineffective in original learning, affected reversal acquisition. The postcriterial trials had no affect on trials to reversal criterion. Further analysis indicated that overtraining resulted in a greater number of initial responses to the originally positive stimulus early in reversal training.

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Groner ◽  
Marina T. Groner ◽  
Kazuo Koga
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Human Motion

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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